1、Designation: A489 12A489 18Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Lifting EyesEyebolts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers weldless forged, quenched, and
3、tempered chemical, physical and mechanical requirements forforged, carbon steel threaded lifting eyes (formerly eyebolts) eyebolts intended for overhead lifting.NOTE 1Lifting eyes carrying this specification number even though they are liquid quenched and tempered may be processed from carbon steelw
4、hich, in the composition range permitted by this specification, could have a fracture appearance transition temperature (50 % shear) higher thanoperating temperatures. Therefore, in order to minimize the possibility of a brittle cleavage failure, these lifting eyes should never be loaded above thepr
5、oof load, and should not be used when surface discontinuities exist on the lifting eyes.1.2 The specification includes two types denoting shank pattern and one styletwo styles denoting shank length (both defined inASME B 18.15) as follows:1.2.1 Type 1Plain pattern (straight shank).1.2.2 Type 2Should
6、er pattern.1.2.3 Style ALong length.1.2.4 Style BShort length.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 Terms The terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined
7、herein.1.5 The following safety hazard caveat pertains to the test methods portion of this specification: This standard does not purportto address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety, health
8、, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International
9、 Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Ana
10、lysis of Steel ProductsE112F541 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeSpecification for Alloy Steel EyeboltsF606F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, and Rivets (Metric) F0606_F0606M Direct Tension Indicato
11、rs, and RivetsF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance InspectionF1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF1941/F1941M Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on Mechanical Fasteners, Inch and MetricF2329/F2329M Specification for Zinc Coating,
12、 Hot-Dip, Requirements forApplication to Carbon andAlloy Steel Bolts, Screws,Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivetsand Washers.
13、Current edition approved April 1, 2012March 1, 2018. Published April 2012May 2018. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20042012 asA489 04A489 12. 1. DOI: 10.1520/A0489-12.10.1520/A0489-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM C
14、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to
15、 the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summa
16、ry of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 ASME Standards:3B 1.1B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form)B1.3 Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Acceptabili
17、ty: Inch and Metric Screw Threads (UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ)B 18.15B18.15 Forged Lifting EyesEyeboltsB 18.24B18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Standard for B18 Fastener Products3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for lifting eyes eyebolts under this specification should include the follow
18、ing information:3.1.1 ASTM specification number and date of issue.3.1.2 Name of product, that is lifting eyes.product (carbon steel eyebolt).3.1.3 Nominal Size.3.1.4 Type and style (see 1.2, Type 1 Style B) will be furnished when a Type and Style is not specified. ).3.1.4 Drawing, if nonstandard lif
19、ting eyes are required (see 8.3).3.1.5 Number of pieces.3.1.6 Size, nominal thread diameter and threads.3.1.6 Certification,Coating, if required (see Section 149.4).3.1.7 Supplementary requirements, if required.3.1.8 Certification, if required (see Section 13).3.1.9 Drawing, if nonstandard eyebolts
20、are required (see 7.2).3.1.10 Other special requirements.3.1.11 Size, nominal thread diameter and threads.3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18.24.Part Identifying Number (PIN), if required (seeASMEB18.24).4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting ProcessThe steel shall be
21、 made by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process and shall be madeto a fine-grain practice.4.2 ForgingLifting eyesThe eyebolts shall be forged without welds.4.3 Heat TreatmentThe lifting eyes eyebolts shall be liquid quenched and tempered prior to machining the threaded end.4.4 Ma
22、chiningThe lifting eyes eyebolts shall be machined after the quench and temper operation.4.5 ThreadsThe lifting eyes eyebolts shall be threaded. Threads may be rolled, cut, or ground.5. Chemical Composition5.1 LimitsThe lifting eyes eyebolts shall be manufactured from steels having a heat analysis c
23、onforming to the requirementsin Table 1.5.2 Product Analysis:5.2.1 Analyses of finished lifting eyes eyebolts may be made by the purchaser or may be requested to be made by themanufacturer. The composition thus determined shall conform to the product analysis requirements specified in Table 1.5.3 Ch
24、emical analyses shall be performed in accordance with A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751. forChemical Analysis of Steel Products.3 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme
25、.org.TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionElement Heat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon, max 0.48 0.51Carbon 0.48 max 0.51 maxManganese, max 1.00 1.06Manganese 1.00 max 1.06 maxPhosphorus, max 0.040 0.048Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.048 maxSulfur, max 0.050 0.058Sulfur 0.050 max 0.058 maxSilicon 0.150.35 0.120.38A4
26、89 1826. Mechanical Properties6.1 Proof LoadThe lifting eyes shall withstand the proof load specified in Table 2.6.1.1 The proof load shall be is defined as the load that can be applied to the eyebolt without causing permanent deformationexceeding 0.01 in. (0.255 mm) between prick punch marks deform
27、ation. Prick punch marks shall be applied at opposite ends ofthe diameter across the eye. The proof load shall be applied through a mandrel having a diameter of one half the nominal byscrewing the eyebolt to the full thread engagement into a block secured in one jaw of the testing machine and held t
28、o the otherjaw by means of a mandrel passing through the eye. The round mandrel shall have a diameter equal to one half of the insideTABLE 2 Breaking Strength and Proof Load Requirements, Types1 and 2NominalThread SizeTensile StressAreaABreakingStrength, minProof Load,minBInch Pound Unitsin. in.2 lb
29、f lbf14 20 0.0318 2 100 800516 18 0.0524 3 400 1 36038 16 0.0775 5 000 2 000716 14 0.1063 6 900 2 76012 13 0.1419 9 200 3 680916 12 0.182 11 830 4 74058 11 0.226 14 700 5 88034 10 0.334 21 700 8 68078 9 0.462 30 000 12 00018 0.606 39 400 15 760118 7 0.763 49 600 19 840114 7 0.969 63 000 25 200112 6
30、1.41 91 600 36 520134 5 1.90 123 500 49 40024 2.50 162 500 65 000212 4 4.00 260 000 104 000TABLE 2 Breaking Strength and Proof Load Requirements, Types1 and 2NominalThread SizeThread Size Tensile StressAreaABreakingStrength,minBProof Load,minCin. in. in.2 lbf lbf14 14 20 0.0318 2 100 800516 516 18 0
31、.0524 3 400 1 40038 38 16 0.0775 5 000 2 000716 716 14 0.1063 6 900 2 80012 12 13 0.1419 9 200 3 700916 916 12 0.182 11 830 4 70058 58 11 0.226 14 700 5 90034 34 10 0.334 21 700 8 70078 78 9 0.462 30 000 12 0001 18 0.606 39 400 15 800118 118 7 0.763 49 600 19 800114 114 7 0.969 63 000 25 200112 112
32、6 1.405 91 300 36 500134 134 5 1.90 123 500 49 4002 2412 2.50 162 500 65 000212 212 4 4.00 260 000 104 000A The stress area is calculated as follows:As = 0.7854 D (0.9743/n)2Tabulated values agree with ASME B1.1, Table 6.where:As = stress area, in.2,D = nominal bolt size, andn = threads per inch.B B
33、ased on tensile strength of 65 000 psi. Values are rounded to the nearest 100lbs.C Proof load is calculateddefined as 2 times the rated capacity in straight pull (0degrees) specified in ASME B 18.15.200 % of the 0 degree rated capacityspecified in ASME B18.15 for Type 1 plain pattern eyebolts. Note
34、that the ratedcapacity inASME B18.15 is defined as 20 % of the A489 breaking strength. Valuesare rounded to the nearest 100 lbs.A489 183diameter of the eye. The proof load shall be applied at a maximum cross head speed of 0.12 in. per minute, held for 10 s. and thenreleased. Permanent deformation of
35、 the eyebolt exceeding 0.01 in. between the prick punch marks constitutes a failure.6.2 Breaking StrengthThe lifting eyes shall conform to the breaking strength specified in Table 2.6.2.1 The breaking strength shall be determined by screwing the lifting eye eyebolt to the full thread engagement into
36、 a blocksecured in one jaw of the testing machine and held to the other jaw by means of a mandrel passing through the eye. Failure ofthe lifting eye The round mandrel shall have a diameter equal to one half of the inside diameter of the eye. The load shall be appliedat a maximum crosshead speed of 0
37、.12 in. per minute until fracture. Fracture of the eyebolt below the specified breaking strengthor stripping of the threads constitutes a failure. failure6.3 Tensile Test RequirementsTestA specimen machined from a finished lifting eye eyebolt shall conform to the tensilerequirements specified in Tab
38、le 3.6.3.1 When the lifting eye eyebolt is too small to have a tensile bar machined from it, a test specimen from the same heat ofsteel and same heat treatment lot or charge as the lifting eyes eyebolts to be tested shall be used to establish the tensile propertiesof the material in accordance with
39、6.3.6.3.2 The tensile properties shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods F606F606/F606M.6.4 Bend TestType 1 straight shank lifting eyes eyebolts 112 in. (36.1 mm) or less in diameter, after being screwed into a steelblock to the full thread length and bent 45 by pressure, shall not exhib
40、it any visible surface ruptures in the unthreaded sectionof the lifting eye eyebolt when examined at 10 magnification.6.5 Impact StrengthThe lifting eyes shall have an average Charpy V-notch impact strength of not less than 35 ftlbf (47 J) at0C (32F).6.5.1 The impact strength shall be the average of
41、 three specimens tested. Not more than one specimen shall exhibit a valuebelow the specified minimum average, and in no case shall a value be less than 23 ftlbf (31 J).6.5.2 Whenever possible, test specimens shall be taken from the shank and shall conform to the standard 10 by 10-mm CharpyV-notch sp
42、ecimen shown in Test Methods and Definitions A370. When lifting eyes are too small for standard-size specimens,subsize specimens may be used, or specimens that represent the same heat and have been subjected to the same forging andheat-treating practices as the lifting eyes they represent may be tak
43、en from separate test coupons.6.5.3 The impact properties shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.7. Grain Size7.1 The finished lifting eyes shall have an as-finished grain size of ASTM No. 5 or finer.7.2 The grain size shall be rated from a broken tensile specimen e
44、nd representing a heat treated lot of one size.7.3 Tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods E112.7. Dimensions7.1 The dimensions of the lifting eyesthe eyebolts dimensions shall conform to the requirements specified in latest issue of inaccordance with ASME B 18.15 unless otherwise s
45、pecified.8.2 The Type and Style shall be as specified by the purchaser. When not specified, Type 1, Style B shall be furnished.7.2 When dimensions other than specified in 8.17.1 are required, they shall be in accordance with the purchasers drawing. Insuch cases, the proof load and breaking strength
46、requirements are not applicable because the manufacturer cannot be assured thatthe purchasers proprietary design can withstand the loads in this specification. The machined specimen tensile, impact, and bendtests shall apply in addition to all other requirements of this specification.8. Threads8.1 T
47、he lifting eyes shall be threaded. Threads shall conform to the Threads shall be Class 2A Unified Coarse Thread Seriesas specified in ASME B 1.1 and shall have Class 2A tolerances. in accordance with ASME B1.1.TABLE 3 Tensile Properties for Machined SpecimensTensile strength, psi 65 00090 000Tensile
48、 strength (MPa) (448620)Yield point, min, psi 30 000Yield point, min (MPa) (207)Elongation in 4D, min, % 30Reduction of area, min, % 60TABLE 3 Tensile Properties for Machined SpecimensTensile strength 65 00090 000 psiYield strength 30 000 psiElongation in 4D, min 30 %Reduction of area, min 60 %A489
49、1848.2 Thread gauging shall be System 21 in accordance with ASME B1.3.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 The lifting eyes eyebolts shall be descaled.9.2 The eyebolts shall be free of injurious imperfections that would make them unsuitable for the intended use.9.3 The lifting eyes shall be free of injurious imperfections that would make them unsuitable for the intended use. The threadsshall be undamaged upon receipt by the purchaser as demonstrated by the abi
