1、Designation: A494/A494M 18Standard Specification forCastings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A494/A494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nickel, nickel-copper, nic
3、kel-copper-silicon, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-chromium, andnickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy castings for corrosion-resistant service.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; th
4、erefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in nonconformancewith the standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on
5、Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA488/A488M Pract
6、ice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifi-cations of Procedures and PersonnelA732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,Common
7、Requirements, for General Industrial UseA957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steeland Alloy, Common Requirements, for General IndustrialUseE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Sp
8、ecificationsE30 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Steel, Cast Iron,Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)3E38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromiumand Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (Withdrawn 1989)3E76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-CopperAlloys (Withdrawn 2003
9、)3E354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 master heata single furnace charge of refined alloy,which may either be poured directly into castings or into remeltalloy for indiv
10、idual melts.3.1.2 meltsa single furnace charge poured into castings.When master heats are used to prepare melts, a melt analysisshall be reported.4. General Conditions for Delivery4.1 Except for investment castings, castings furnished tothis specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci-f
11、ication A781/A781M, including any supplementary require-ments that are indicated on the purchase order. Failure tocomply with the general requirements of Specification A781/A781M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. Incase of conflict between the requirements of this specificationand
12、Specification A781/A781M, this specification shall pre-vail.4.2 Investment castings furnished to this specification shallconform to the requirements of Specification A957/A957M,including any supplementary requirements that are indicated inthe purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requir
13、e-ments of Specification A957/A957M constitutes nonconfor-mance with this specification. In case of conflict between the1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.C
14、urrent edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as A494/A494M 17a.DOI: 10.1520/A0494_A0494M-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
15、 For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100
16、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Re
17、commendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1requirements of this specification and Specification A957/A957M, Specification A957/A957M shall prevail.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for castings to this specification should includethe following i
18、nformation:5.1.1 Quantity, in pieces, and5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1) and class (Table 2).5.2 The purchaser shall specify any of the following infor-mation required to adequately describe the desired material:5.2.1 Heat-treat condition (see 6.1 and 6.2),5.2.2 Repair welding (see Section 11),5.2
19、.3 Source inspection requirements, if any (see Specifica-tion A781/A781M),5.2.4 Marking-for-identification requirements, if any (see13.1), and5.2.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including thestandards of acceptance.6. Heat Treatment6.1 Castings shall be heat treated in accordance with therequi
20、rements in Table 2.NOTE 1Proper heat treatment of these alloys is usually necessary toenhance corrosion resistance and, in some cases, to meet mechanicalproperties. Minimum heat-treat temperatures are specified; however, it issometimes necessary to heat treat at higher temperatures, hold for somemin
21、imum time at temperature, and then rapidly cool the castings in orderto enhance the corrosion resistance and meet mechanical properties.6.2 When Class 1 is specified, grades CY40 and M25S shallbe supplied in the as-cast condition. When Class 2 is specified,grades CY40 and M25S shall be supplied in t
22、he solutionheat-treated condition. When Class 3 is specified, grade M25Sshall be supplied in the age-hardened condition.7. Chemical Composition7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical compositionrequirements prescribed in Table 1.7.2 The grades that pertain to this specification are placedinto
23、 the five general categories given below. The producer shallreport for information all elements in Table 1 for which a limitis given for any alloy in the same alloy family. The alloyfamilies are:(1) Nickel CZ100(2) Nickel-copper M35-1, M35-2, M30C, M30H, M25S(3) Nickel-molybdenum N12MV, N7M, N3M(4)
24、Nickel-chromium CY40, CW6M, CW2M, CW6MC,CX2MW, CU5MCuC, CX2M(5) Other CY5SnBiM7.3 An analysis of each master heat shall be made by themanufacturer to determine the percentages of the elementsspecified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made from arepresentative sample taken during the pouring of the
25、masterheat. Chemical composition shall be reported to the purchaseror their representative.7.4 Test Methods E76 or E354 shall be used for refereepurposes. Test Methods E30 or E38 shall be used if TestMethods E76 or E354 do not include a method for someelement present in the material.8. Tensile Prope
26、rties8.1 One tension test shall be made from each master heatexcept for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM when the master heatis used to pour the castings. One tension test shall be madefrom each melt except for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM. Testresults shall conform to the tensile requirements specified inTable
27、 3. Test bars shall be poured in special blocks from thesame heat as the castings represented.8.2 The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall beheat treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as thecastings it represents. If the castings are not heat treated, thebar used for the te
28、st specimen must not be heat treated.8.3 Test specimens may be cut from castings, at the produc-ers option, instead of from test bars.8.4 When castings are produced by methods other thaninvestment process, tension test coupons shall be machined tothe form and dimension shown in Fig. 8 of, and tested
29、 inaccordance with, Test Methods E8/E8M.8.4.1 When castings are produced by the investmentprocess, test specimens in accordance with Specification A732/A732M shall be used for measurement of tensile properties.8.5 If any specimen shows defective machining or developsflaws, it may be discarded and an
30、other substituted from thesame heats.8.6 To determine conformance with the tension testrequirements, an observed value or calculated value shall berounded in accordance with the “Rounding Method” of Prac-tice E29 to the nearest 0.5 ksi 5 MPa for yield and tensilestrength and to the nearest 1 % for e
31、longation and reduction ofarea. In the special case of rounding the number “5” when noadditional numbers other than “0” follow the “5,” roundingshall be done in the direction of the specification limits iffollowing Practice E29 would cause rejection of material.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
32、9.1 Critical surfaces of all castings intended for corrosion-resistant service shall be cleaned. Cleaning may be accom-plished by blasting with clean sand or metallic corrosion-resistant shot, or by other approved methods.10. Quality10.1 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impreg-nated to
33、stop leaks.10.2 Internal chills and chaplets may be used in the manu-facture of castings. However, the chills, chaplets, and affectedcast material must be completely removed.11. Repair by Welding11.1 Repairs shall be made by using a welding procedureand operators capable of producing sound welds. Th
34、e compo-sition of deposited weld metal shall be similar to that of thecastings.11.2 Weld repairs shall be considered major in the case of acasting that has leaked on hydrostatic test or when the depth ofthe cavity after preparation for repair exceeds 20 % of theA494/A494M 182TABLE1ChemicalRequiremen
35、tsA,BAlloyFamilyNiNi-CuNi-MoNi-CrOtherGradeCZ100M25SM30CDM30HM35-1DM35-2N3MN7MN12MVCU5MCuCCW2MCW6MCW6MCCW12MWCX2MCX2MWCY40CY5SnBiMUNSNumbersN02100N24025N24130N24030N24135N04020N30003N30007N30012N08826N26455N30107N26625N30002N26059N26022N06040N26055Composition,%C1.000.250.300.300.350.350.030.070.120.
36、0500.020.070.060.120.020.020.400.05Mn1.501.501.501.501.501.501.001.001.001.01.001.001.001.001.001.001.501.5Si2.003.54.51.0-2.02.73.71.252.000.501.001.001.00.801.001.001.000.500.803.000.5P0.030.030.030.030.030.030.0300.0300.0300.0300.030.0300.0150.0300.0200.0250.030.03S0.020.020.020.020.020.020.0200.
37、0200.0200.0200.020.0200.0150.0200.0200.0200.020.02Cu1.2527.033.026.033.027.033.026.033.026.033.0.1.503.50EEEEEEE.Mo.30.033.030.033.026.030.02.53.515.017.517.020.08.010.016.018.015.016.512.514.5E2.03.5Fe3.003.503.503.503.503.503.003.004.06.0balance2.03.05.04.57.51.502.06.011.02.0Ni95.00minbalancebala
38、ncebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalance38.044.0balancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalanceCr.1.01.01.0019.523.515.017.517.020.020.023.015.517.522.0-24.020.022.514.017.011.014.0Cb(Nb)C.E1.03.0E0.50.5.0.601.20EE3.154.50EEEE.W.E1.0EE3.755.25E2.53.5E.V.EE0.200.60EEEE0.200.40E0.35E.Bi.
39、3.05.0Sn.3.05.0AValuesaremaximumunlessotherwiseindicated.BWhereellipses(.)appearinthistable,thereisnorequirement,andtheelementneednotbeanalyzedfororreported.CColumbium(Cb)andniobium(Nb)areinterchangeablenamesforthesameelement41.DOrderM35-1orM30Cwhenweldabilityisrequired.EElementtobeanalyzedandreport
40、edforinformationonly.Seeparagraph5.5(GradeSubstitution)ofSpecificationA781/A781M.A494/A494M 183actual wall thickness, or 1 in. 25 mm, whichever is smaller,or when the extent of the cavity exceeds approximately 10 in.265 cm2. All other weld repairs shall be considered minor.Major and minor weld repai
41、rs shall be subject to the samequality standards as are used to inspect the castings.11.3 Castings of M30H, M25S, and CY5SnBiM may not beweld repaired.11.4 Grades N12MV, N7M, N3M, CW12MW, CW6M,CW2M, CX2MW, CX2M, CW6MC, and CU5MCuC mayrequire post-weld heat treatment after major weld repairs. Ifpost-
42、weld heat treatment is required, it must be specified alongwith the grade. If required, it shall be performed in accordancewith Section 6.11.5 For grade CU5MCuC, the composition of the depos-ited weld metal shall be similar to that of AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo3 or AWS A5.11 E NiCrMo3.12. Rejection and Rehe
43、aring12.1 Samples that represent rejected material shall be pre-served for two weeks from the date of transmission of therejection report. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of thetests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing withinthat time.13. Product Marking13.1 Castings shall b
44、e marked for the material identificationwith the ASTM specification designation (A494/A494M) andgrade symbol, that is, CY40. The manufacturers name oridentification mark and the pattern number shall be cast orstamped on all castings, except those of such small size as tomake such marking impractical
45、. To minimize small defectscaused by dislodged particles of molding sand, the number ofcast identification marks shall be minimized. The marking ofTABLE 2 Heat-Treat RequirementsGrade Heat TreatmentCZ100, M35-1, M35-2, CY40 Class 1, M30H, M30C,M25S Class 1, CY5SnBiMAs castM25S, Class 2ALoad into fur
46、nace at 600 F 315 C maximum. Heat to 1600 F 870 C andhold for 1 h plus an additional 30 min for each12 in. 13 mm of cross sectionover 1 in.BCool to 1300 F 705 CCand hold at temperature for 30 min thenquench in oil to room temperature.M25S, Class 3 Load into furnace at 600 F 315 C maximum. Heat slowl
47、y to 1100 F 605 Cand hold to develop maximum hardness. Furnace or air cool to roomtemperature.N12MV, N7M, N3M Heat to 2000 F 1095 C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CW12MW, CW6M, CW6MC, CW2M Heat to 2150 F 1175 C minimum,
48、hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CY40, Class 2 Heat to 1900 F 1040 C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CX2MW Heat to 2200 F 1205 C minimum, hold for suffi
49、cient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.CU5MCuC Heat to 2100 F 1150 C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water. Stabilize at 1725 1815 F 940 990 C, holdfor sufficient time to heat castings to temperature, quench in wa
