1、Designation: A556/A556M 96 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Specification forSeamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater HeaterTubes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A556/A556M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers minimum-wall-thickness,seamless cold-drawn carbon steel tubes including be
3、nding intothe form of U-tubes, if specified, for use in tubular feedwaterheaters.1.2 The tubing sizes covered shall be58 to 114-in. 15.9 to31.8-mm outside diameter, inclusive, with minimum wallthicknesses equal to or greater than 0.045 in. 1.1 mm.1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided,
4、 andwhen desired, shall be stated in the order.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used
5、independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”designation of this specification is specified in the order.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A450/A450M Specification for Ge
6、neral Requirements forCarbon and Low Alloy Steel TubesE30 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Steel, Cast Iron,Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)43. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following as required to describe the desiredm
7、aterial adequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of pieces),3.1.2 Name of material (seamless steel tubing),3.1.3 Dimensions (outside diameter and minimum wallthickness),3.1.4 Length (specific or random),3.1.5 Manufacture (cold drawn),3.1.6 Grade (chemical composition),3.1.7 Optional requir
8、ements,3.1.8 Bending RequirementsIf order specifies tubes to bebent, the design of the U-tubes shall accompany the order.Purchaser must specify if stress-relief anneal of the U-bends isrequired,3.1.9 Test report required (see Certification Section ofSpecification A450/A450M),3.1.10 Specification num
9、ber, and3.1.11 Special requirements and any supplementary require-ments selected.4. General Requirements4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe applicable requirements of the current edition of theSpecification A450/A450M, unless otherwise provided herein.5. Manufacture5.1 M
10、anufactureTubes shall be made by the seamlessprocess and shall be cold drawn.5.2 Heat Treatment:5.2.1 Cold-drawn tubes shall be heat treated after the finalcold-draw pass at a temperature of 1200F 640C or higher toensure ductility satisfactory for rolling into tube sheets and tomeet mechanical prope
11、rties as specified.5.2.2 If stress-relief anneal of the U-bends is specified, theanneal shall consist of heating the bent portion within a rangeof 1100 to 1200F 585 to 640C.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to one of the requirements as tochemical composition as prescribed in Table
12、1.6.2 When a grade is ordered under this specification, sup-plying an alloy grade that specifically requires the addition ofany element other than those listed for the ordered grade inTable 1 is not permitted.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Stee
13、l and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A556/A556M 96(2005). DOI: 10.1520/A0556_A0556M-96R12.2Fo
14、r ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-556 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
15、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Product Analysis7.1 When requested in the purch
16、ase order, a product analy-sis shall be made by the manufacturer or supplier from one tubeor billet per heat.7.2 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests oftwo additional tubes or billets shall be made. Both retests forthe elements in question shall meet the requirements of thisspeci
17、fication; otherwise, all remaining material in the heat orlot (Note 1) shall be rejected or, at the option of the producer,each tube may be individually tested for acceptance. Tubes thatdo not meet the requirements of this specification shall berejected.NOTE 1For tension and hardness test requiremen
18、ts, the term lotapplies to all tubes prior to cutting, of the same nominal diameter and wallthickness which are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heattreatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes ofthe same size and the same heat which are heat treated in
19、the same furnacecharge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, a lot shallinclude all tubes of the same size and heat, heat treated in the same furnaceat the same temperature, time at heat and furnace speed.7.3 For referee purposes, Test Methods E30 shall be used.8. Mechanical Pro
20、perties8.1 Tensile PropertiesThe material shall conform to therequirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 2,when pulled in full section.8.2 Hardness RequirementsThe tubes shall not exceed theRockwell Hardness shown in Table 3.9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions (Fig. 1)9.1 Permissi
21、ble variations from the specified outside diam-eter shall not exceed 60.004 in. 0.10 mm for tubing under1.0-in. 25.4-mm outside diameter nor 60.006 in. 0.15 mmfor tubing 1.0 in. 25.4 mm to 1.25 in. 31.7 mm inclusive.These tolerances do not apply to the bent portion of theU-tubes. At the bent portion
22、 of a U-tube for R =2D orgreater neither the major nor minor diameter of tube shalldeviate from nominal by more than 10 %. If 112 D is specified,tolerances could be greater.9.2 Permissible variations from the specified minimum wallthickness shall not exceed +20 % or 0. The wall thickness ofthe tube
23、in U-bent section shall be not less than valuedetermined by:tf5 T 2R!/2R1D! (1)where:tf= wall thickness after bending, in. mm,T = specified minimum tube wall thickness, in. mm,R = centerline bend radius, in. mm, andD = nominal outside tube diameter, in. mm.9.3 In the case of U-tubes, the length of t
24、he tube legs asmeasured from the point of tangency of the bend and the tubeleg to the end of the tube leg shall not be less than specified, butmay exceed the specified values by the amount given in Table4. The difference in lengths of the tube legs shall not be greaterthan18 in. 3 mm unless otherwis
25、e specified.9.4 The end of any tube may depart from square by notmore than the amount given in Table 5.9.5 The leg spacing measured between the points of tan-gency of the bend to the legs shall not vary from the value (2R specified tube OD) by more than116 in. 1.5 mm where R isthe centerline bend ra
26、dius.9.6 The bent portion of the U-tube shall be substantiallyuniform in curvature and not exceed 6116 in. 61.5 mm of thenormal centerline radius.10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance10.1 Finished tubes shall be free from scale but may have asuperficial oxide film on the surfaces.Alight oxide scal
27、e on theoutside and inside surfaces of U-bend shall be allowed fortubes which have been heat treated.10.2 Finished tubes shall be reasonably straight and havesmooth ends free from burrs. Tubes shall have a workmanlikefinish and shall be free of surface imperfections that cannot beremoved within the
28、allowable wall tolerances. Removal ofsurface imperfections such as handling marks, straighteningmarks, light mandrel and die marks, shallow pits, and scalepattern will not be required provided they are within theallowable wall tolerances.10.3 Finished tubes shall be coated both on the outside andthe
29、 inside diameter to prevent corrosion in transit. The type ofcoating applied should be mutually agreed upon and specifiedin the order.11. Mechanical Tests Required11.1 Tension TestOne tension test shall be made on aspecimen for lots of not more than 50 tubes. Tension tests shallbe made on specimens
30、from two tubes for lots of more than 50tubes (Note 1).TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Grade A2 Grade B2 Grade C2Carbon, max 0.18 0.27 0.30Manganese 0.270.63 0.290.93 0.291.06Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.035 0.035Sulfur, max 0.035 0.035 0.035Silicon, min . 0.10 0.10TABLE 2 Tensile Requi
31、rementsGrade A2 Grade B2 Grade C2Tensile strength, min, ksi MPa 47 320 60 410 70 480Yield strength, min, ksi MPa 26 180 37 260 40 280Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm,min, % (longitudinal)35 30 30TABLE 3 Hardness RequirementsGrade A2 HR B 72Grade B2 HR B 79Grade C2 HR B 89A556/A556M 96 (2012)211.2 Flatte
32、ning TestOne flattening test shall be made onspecimens taken from each end of one finished tube, not theone used for the flaring test, from each lot of not more than 125tubes or fraction thereof.11.3 Flaring TestOne flaring test shall be made on speci-mens taken from each end of one finished tube, n
33、ot the oneused for flattening test, from each lot of not more than 125tubes or fraction thereof.11.4 Hardness TestBrinell or Rockwell hardness testsshall be made on specimens from two tubes from each lot(Note 1).11.5 Hydrostatic TestEach U-tube shall be subjected to ahydrostatic test, using a noncor
34、rosive fluid, or when agreedupon between the purchaser and manufacturer, they may betested at 112 times the specified design working pressure.12. Nondestructive Test (Electric Test)12.1 Each tube shall be tested after the finish heat treatmentfollowing the final cold-drawn pass by passing through an
35、ondestructive tester capable of detecting defects on the entirecross section of the tube, in accordance with SpecificationA450/A450M.13. Packaging and Package Marking13.1 The tubing shall be packaged or bundled in such amanner as to prevent damage in ordinary handling and trans-portation and identif
36、ied by a tag with the name of themanufacturer, purchase order number, specification numberand grade, and size.13.2 In the case of U-tubes, each box shall be palletized andlegibly marked showing the manufacturers name, purchaseorder number, specification number and grade, size, andidentification of i
37、tems contained.13.3 Bar CodingIn addition to the requirements in 13.1and 13.2, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identifi-cation method. The purchaser may specify in the order aspecific bar coding system to be used.14. Keywords14.1 carbon; feedwater heater tubes; seamless steel tube;steel t
38、ubeSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirement or requirements may become a part of the specificationwhen specified in the inquiry or invitation to bid, and purchase order or contract. These requirementsshall not be considered, unless specified in the order, in which even the n
39、ecessary tests shall be madeby the manufacturer prior to the bending or shipment of the tubing.FIG. 1 Bent Portion of U-TubeTABLE 4 Tube Leg Length ToleranceLeg Length, ft m Plus Tolerancein. mmUp to 20 6, incl18 3.2Over 20 to 30 6 to 9, incl532 4.0Over 30 to 40 9 to 12.2, incl316 4.8TABLE 5 Squaren
40、ess of Ends ToleranceTube OD, in. mm Tolerance,in. mm58 15.9 0.010 0.25Over58 to 114 15.9 to 31.7, incl 0.016 0.4A556/A556M 96 (2012)3S1. Nondestructive Ultrasonic TestRound Tubing (Com-mercial Grade)S1.1 The manufactuer shall test the tubing by an ultrasonicnondestructive test for detection of harm
41、ful faults and sound-ness.S1.1.1 Ultrasonic testing shall be performed using pulse-echo shear wave techniques to locate longitudinal or circum-ferential defects, or both.S1.1.2 Tubes being tested shall be reasonably straight forproper rotation. The outside and inside diameter surfaces of thetubes sh
42、all be free of dirt, grit, grease, oil, loose scale, or othermaterials which tend to attenuate, scatter, or reflect ultrasonicsignals.S1.1.3 Tubing shall be inspected by feeding spirally past asuitable transducer with rotation of material to be toward thetransducer.S1.1.4 Suitable ultrasonic instrum
43、entation shall be used toclearly distinguish the artificial defects (hereafter called refer-ence notches) described later. Automatic electronic monitoringof the reflected ultrasonic signals shall be provided in suchmanner that any naturally occurring defects which present anultrasonic reflection equ
44、al to or greater than the referencestandard(s) shall trigger audible and visible alarms.S1.1.5 Instrument calibration as described herein shall beaccomplished with the reference standard being rotated and fedpast the transducer at the same approximate rate at which thetubing under test will be teste
45、d.S1.1.6 The following factors will be adjusted so as toachieve optimum instrument distinction between the referencenotch(es) and plain portion of tubing when calibrating equip-ment to the reference standard:S1.1.6.1 Search unit position shall be such that shear wavesare propagated within the tube b
46、eing tested. If both outside andinside diameter reference notches are used, the optimum angleshall be used which will indicate both notches as close to equalsize as possible.S1.1.6.2 The test frequency to be used shall be chosen toyield the best distinction between reference notches and plainareas o
47、f tubing. In general, 2.25 or 5.0 MHz will be used.S1.1.6.3 Instrument sensitivity shall be adjusted to allowreference notch or notches to present a pip or pips on the scopescreen at 50 % to 70 % of instrument saturation level. TheAutomatic Defect Monitoring System shall be adjusted tomonitor by mea
48、ns of electronic gates, the portion of the screenwhere the reference notch is presented. The sensitivity of thealarm system shall be adjusted to indicate audibly and visiblywhen the reference notch is fed past the search unit.S1.1.6.4 The recording equipment, if agreed upon, shall beadjusted to clea
49、rly indicate the reference notch or notches andalso whether or not any reflected signals actuate the alarmsystem.S1.1.7 A reference standard of an appropriate length (suffi-cient to allow in-line feeding) shall be prepared from arandomly selected tube of the same size, grade, and physicalcondition as the material to be tested.S1.1.8 The reference standard shall contain machinednotches as follows: Notch to be 10 % of wall thickness in depthbut not less than 0.004 in. 0
