1、Designation: A 683 05e1Standard Specification forNonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEThe values statement (1.4) was corrected editorially in September 2006.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements t
3、owhich flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steelshall conform.1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-lossvalues and is intended primarily for commercial power fre-quency (50- and 60-Hz) applications in magnetic devices.Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics
4、are devel-oped through heat treatment by the user.1.3 These nonoriented, semiprocessed electrical steels arelow carbon, silicon-iron or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys con-taining up to about 2.5 % silicon and less than 1 % aluminum.1.4 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are
5、to be regarded as standard. The values givenin parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units whichare provided for information only and are not consideredstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 34/A 34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Test-ing of Magnetic MaterialsA 340 Te
6、rminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating toMagnetic TestingA 343/A 343M Test Method for Alternating-Current Mag-netic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies UsingWattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm EpsteinTest FrameA 664 Practice for Identification of Standard ElectricalSteel Gra
7、des in ASTM SpecificationsA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for Domestic ShipmentA 719/A 719M Test Method for Lamination Factor of Mag-netic MaterialsA 720/A 720M Test Method for Ductility of NonorientedElectrical SteelA 971 Test Method for Measuring Edge
8、Taper and Crownof Flat-Rolled Electrical Steel CoilsA 976 Classification of Insulating Coatings by Composi-tion, Relative Insulating Ability, and Application3. Terminology3.1 The terms and symbols used in this specification aredefined in Terminology A 340.4. Classification4.1 The nonoriented electri
9、cal steel types described by thisspecification are shown in Table 1.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includeas much of the following information as necessary to describethe desired material adequately:5.1.1 ASTM specification number.5.1.2 Core-loss type n
10、umber.5.1.3 Surface coating type.5.1.4 Thickness, width, and length (if in cut lengths insteadof coils).5.1.5 Total weight of ordered item.5.1.6 Limitations in coil size or lift weights.5.1.7 End UseThe user shall disclose as much pertinentinformation as possible about the intended application toena
11、ble the producer to provide material characteristics mostsuitable for specific fabricating practices.5.1.8 Special requirements or exceptions to the provisionsof this specification.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Typical Melting and Casting:6.1.1 These semiprocessed electrical steels may be made byb
12、asic-oxygen, electric furnace, or other steelmaking prac-tice(s).6.1.2 These electrical steels are characterized by low car-bon, usually less than 0.030 %. The principal alloying elementis commonly silicon, but aluminum up to about 0.8 % issometimes used instead of, or in addition to, silicon, depen
13、dingon mill processing practice for the desired magnetic grade.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 onMagnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.02 onMaterial Specifications.Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2005. Published August 2005. Or
14、iginallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A 683/A 683M 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary p
15、age onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Individual producers will often have different silicon or alumi-num contents for a particular grade as a result of intrinsic millprocessing procedures.6.1.3 Sulfu
16、r content is typically less than 0.025 % and isusually lowest in the numbered types representing lowest coreloss. Manganese is typically present in amounts between 0.10and 0.70 %. Phosphorus, copper, nickel, chromium, molybde-num, antimony, and tin are usually present only in residualamounts except
17、in the higher numbered core-loss types wherephosphorus, tin, or antimony up to 0.15 % may be present.6.1.4 The producer is not required to report chemicalcomposition of each lot except where a clear need for suchinformation has been shown. In such cases, the analyses to bereported shall be negotiate
18、d between the producer and user.6.2 Typical ProcessingThe processing sequence for semi-processed nonoriented electrical steel comprises hot rolling,pickling, cold rolling, and annealing. An additional annealingoperation may precede or follow the pickling operation.6.3 When changes in the manufacture
19、 of the material arebelieved to exert possible significant effects upon the usersfabricating practices and upon the magnetic performance to beobtained in the specified end use, the producer shall notify theuser before shipment is made so the user has an opportunity toevaluate the effects.7. Magnetic
20、 Property Requirements Magnetic PropertyRequirements7.1 Specific Core LossEach core-loss type of electricalsteel is identified by maximum core-loss limits as shown inTable 1.7.2 PermeabilityThe permeability at all inductions shallbe as high as possible consistent with the required core-losslimits th
21、at govern the grade. Typical relative peak permeability(p) values are given in Appendix X1.7.3 Specific Exciting PowerThe rms exciting power re-quired for the excitation of a particular type of electrical steelis frequently useful to the user. Typical values of specificexciting power are given in Ap
22、pendix X1.8. Surface Insulation Characteristics8.1 Unless otherwise specified, semiprocessed electricalsteels are supplied with a thin, tightly adherent surface oxide(coating Type C-0 in Classification A 976) which has sufficientinsulating ability for most small cores. The insulating ability ofcoati
23、ng Type C-0 can be enhanced during the users heattreatment by using a slightly oxidizing atmosphere.8.2 Applied Coatings:8.2.1 Semiprocessed electrical steels may also be suppliedwith a thin applied coating (coating Types C-4AS andC-5AS in ClassificationA 976) which has sufficient insulatingability
24、for most small cores. A major purpose for using coatingTypes C-4AS and C-5AS is to reduce surface-to-surfacesticking during the users heat treatment.8.2.2 When essential, higher levels of insulating ability maybe obtained by coating semiprocessed electrical steels withthicker applied coatings (coati
25、ng Types C-4 and C-5 inClassification A 976). Usage of such coatings should beapproached with great caution since the coatings may have aninhibiting effect on decarburization and thereby limit theattainment of the lowest core losses in the users heat treat-ment.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Laminati
26、on FactorThe lamination factor shall bedetermined using Test Method A 719/A 719M and shall be ashigh as practicable. It is normally greater for 0.025-in. (0.64-mm) thick steel than for 0.0185-in. (0.47-mm) thick steel andwhen the surfaces are smooth and have no applied coating.9.2 DuctilityThe mater
27、ial shall be as ductile as possible,consistent with meeting magnetic requirements. When requiredthe ductility shall be determined by the bend test for ductilitydescribed in Test Method A 720/A 720M. Ductility is a func-tion of microstructure and may differ between producers. Theusers anneal may also
28、 affect ductility.10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations10.1 ThicknessSpecified thickness should be one of thecommon thicknesses as follows:Thickness, in. (mm)0.025 (0.64)0.0185 (0.47)10.2 Thickness VariationsThe average thickness of thematerial supplied shall be as close as possible to the order
29、edthickness. Measurements made with a contacting micrometerat points no closer than38 in. (10 mm) from the edge of a sheetor coil of specified width shall not differ from the specifiedthickness by more than the values (which include taper) shownin Table 2.10.3 Edge TaperThe rolling of flat-rolled st
30、rip inherentlyproduces an edge that is thinner than the rest of the strip. ThisTABLE 1 Core-Loss TypesAand Maximum Core LossesBat aMagnetic Flux Density of 15 kG (1.5 T) and 60 HzCof QualityEvaluation Annealed Epstein SpecimensD0.0185-in. (0.47-mm) Thickness 0.025-in. (0.64-mm) ThicknessCore-LossTyp
31、eMaximum Core LossCore-LossTypeMaximum Core LossW/lb W/kg W/lb W/kg47S155 1.55 3.42 64S200 2.00 4.4147S165 1.65 3.64 64S210 2.10 4.6347S175 1.75 3.86 64S220 2.20 4.8547S190 1.90 4.19 64S230 2.30 5.07ASee Practice A 664.BThe test density shall be the correct ASTM assumed density (in accordancewith 14
32、.2) for the chemistry used by the producer to meet the property require-ments of this specification.CMaximum core losses at a magnetic flux density of 15 kG (1.5 T) and 50 Hzare 0.79 times maximum core losses at 60 Hz.DOne half of strips cut parallel to the steel rolling direction and one half of st
33、ripscut perpendicular to the steel rolling direction.TABLE 2 Thickness TolerancesAThickness Tolerances, Over or Under, in. (mm) forSpecified Width, in. (mm)SpecifiedThickness,in. (mm)6 (152)Wide andUnderOver 6 (152)to 12 (305)Wide, InclOver 12 (305)to 36 (914)Wide, InclOver 36 (914)to 48 (1219)Wide,
34、 Incl0.0185 (0.47) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076)0.025 (0.64) 0.002 (0.051) 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)AThickness is measured at any point across the width not less than38 in. (10mm) from a side edge.A68305e12characteristic is termed “edge taper,” “feather,” o
35、r “gamma.”Edge taper thickness variation is sometimes the major portionof the total overall thickness variation permitted by 10.2. Edgetaper is defined and may be measured in accordance with TestMethod A 971. Since edge taper occurs primarily within thefirst 1 or 2 in. (25 or 50 mm) from the as-roll
36、ed edge, edge slitcoils tend to have the greatest variation in thickness. Thefollowing limits on the differences in thickness measuredwithin the first 2 in. (50 mm) or less from either edge of theordered width will apply.Ordered Thickness Maximum Taperin. mm in. mm0.0185 0.47 0.0012 0.0310.025 0.64
37、0.0014 0.03610.4 Width TolerancesMaximum deviations from the or-dered width shall be as shown in Table 3.10.5 Length TolerancesThe maximum deviations fromthe ordered length shall be as shown in Table 4.10.6 CamberCamber is the greatest deviation of a sideedge from a straight line, the measurement be
38、ing taken on theconcave side with a straightedge. It is limited to14 in. (6.4 mm)in any 8-ft (2.4-m) length.10.7 Out of SquareThis tolerance applies to cut lengthsonly and represents the deviation of an edge from a straight lineplaced at a right angle to the side, touching one corner andextending to
39、 the other side. It shall not exceed116 in. (1.6 mm)in any 6 in. (150 mm) of width or fraction thereof.11. Workmanship and Finish11.1 Surface FinishesMany applications of these steelsrequire some treatment of the normally smooth surface tominimize sticking during the lamination anneal. This may take
40、the form of an intentionally roughened surface or a chemicaltreatment of the surface commonly referred to as antistick. Theseveral ranges of roughness that are usually available includethe following as determined by a profilometer and expressed asarithmetic average microinches at 0.030-in. (0.76-mm)
41、 cutoffand 0.3-in./s (7.6-mm) tracing speed:SurfaceFinishProfilometer(Ra), in. (m)Smooth 020 (00.5)Matte 3060 (0.81.5)Rough 70110 (1.82.8)The user shall specify on the order what surface finish orsurface treatment is required.11.2 FlatnessAdequately defining the degree of flatnessnecessary for the g
42、eneral application of semiprocessed electri-cal steel sheets is extremely difficult; therefore, no specificlimits for flatness have been established.11.2.1 It is intended that flatness shall be suitable for theintended application, and consequently the user should informthe producer of any requireme
43、nts for a degree of flatness,which exceeds that obtained from usual commercial practices.11.2.2 Commercial practices recognize that sharp, shortwaves and buckles are objectionable.11.2.3 Procedures for judging the degree of critical flatnessnecessary shall be subject to negotiation between user andp
44、roducer.11.3 Surface ImperfectionsThe surface shall be reason-ably clean and essentially free of manufacturing defects such asholes, blisters, slivers, indentations, and so forth, which wouldinterfere with its effective use in the intended application.12. Sampling12.1 The producer shall assign a num
45、ber to each test lot foridentification. The test lot shall not exceed 20 000 lb (9100 kg)in weight.12.2 Test samples shall be obtained after final mill heattreatment or other operation which is the final operation to havesignificant influence on the magnetic properties of semipro-cessed electrical s
46、teel.12.3 The full width coil identified as a test lot shall besampled in accordance with Practice A 34/A 34M.13. Specimen Preparation13.1 The Epstein test specimen shall consist of one half ofthe test strips obtained parallel to rolling and one half trans-verse to the rolling direction, in accordan
47、ce with Fig. 1 ofPractice A 34/A 34M.13.2 To determine conformity with the magnetic require-ments of this specification, the specimen strips to be testedshall be given a controlled quality evaluation anneal in adecarburizing atmosphere. The anneal shall be made underconditions which ensure that the
48、specimen strips reach atemperature of 1550F (843C) except that the temperatureshall be 1450F (788C) for alloy contents less than 1.3 %silicon plus aluminum, for approximately 1 h and with condi-tions favorable to decarburization. The atmosphere shall con-tain sufficient moisture to be highly decarbu
49、rizing but shouldnot excessively oxidize the specimens. An atmosphere meetingthese conditions contains about 20 % hydrogen, 80 % nitrogenand has a dew point of +55F (+13C). Care shall be taken toTABLE 3 Width TolerancesSpecified WidthWidth ToleranceOver Underin. mm in. mm in. mm2 to 6, incl (50 to 150 incl) 0.008 (0.20) 0.008(0.20)Over 6 to 9, incl (over 150 to 230, incl) 0.016 (0.41) 0.016(0.41)Over 9 to 12, incl (over 230 to 300, incl) 0.032 (0.81) 0.032(0.81)Over 12 to 30, incl (over 300 to 760, incl)18 (3.2) 0 0Over 30 to 48, incl (ov
