1、Designation: A 697/A 697M 03 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forAlternating Current Magnetic Properties of Laminated CoreSpecimen Using Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 697/A 697M; the number immediately following the designation indicat
2、es the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of
3、several acmagnetic properties of laminated cores made from flat-rolledmagnetic materials.1.2 This test method covers test equipment and proceduresfor the determination of impedance permeability and excitingpower from voltage and current measurements, and core lossfrom wattmeter measurements. These t
4、ests are made underconditions of sinusoidal flux.1.3 This test method covers tests for two general categories(1 and 2) of cores based on size and application.1.4 Tests are provided for power and control size cores(Category 1) operating at inductions of 10 to 15 kG 1.0 to 1.5T and at frequencies of 5
5、0, 60, and 400 Hz.1.5 Procedures and tests are provided for coupling andmatching type transformer cores (Category 2) over the range ofinductions from 100 G 0.01 T or lower to 10 kG 1.0 T andabove at 50 to 60 Hz or above when covered by suitableprocurement specifications.1.6 This test method also cov
6、ers tests for core loss and acimpedance permeability under incremental test conditions (acmagnetization superimposed on dc magnetization) for theabove core types and at inductions up to those that cause the acexciting current to become excessively distorted or reachvalues that exceed the limits of t
7、he individual test equipmentcomponents.1.7 This test method shall be used in conjunction withPractice A 34/A 34M and Terminology A 340. It depends uponthese designated documents and a related reference test manualfor detailed information which will not be repeated in this testmethod.1.8 The values a
8、nd equations stated in customary (cgs-emuand inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately asstandard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining
9、values from the two systems may result in noncon-formance with this standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determ
10、ine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 34/A 34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Test-ing of Magnetic MaterialsA 340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating toMagnetic Testing3. Terminology3.1 The terms and symbols list
11、ed below apply only to thistest method. The official list of symbols and definitions may befound in Terminology A 340.3.2 Symbols:As= E lamination surface area, one side only,Ass= EI lamination surface area, one side only,h = lamination stack height,Adc= dc ammeter,Idc= dc current,N1= primary turns,
12、N2= secondary turns,N3= tertiary turns,R1= ammeter shunt resistance,Vf= flux voltmeter,w = lamination center leg width,W = wattmeter, andZ = choke coil impedance.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 For Category 1 cores, the recommended tests are madeat a frequency of 60 Hz and at a test induction within th
13、e rangefrom 10 through 15 kG 1.0 to 1.5 T.4.2 For Category 2 cores, the recommended tests are madeat a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz and at inductions of 40, 100 or200, 2000, 5000, 6000, 7000, and 10 000 G 0.004, 0.01 or0.02, 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 1.0 T. Any or all may be requireddepending on the type
14、of core material.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee Magnetic Propertiesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A
15、 697/A 697M 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
16、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed for evaluating the acmagnetic properties of laminated cores made from flat-rolledmagnetic materials.5.2 The reproducibility and repeatability of this test methodare such tha
17、t this test method is suitable for design, specifica-tion acceptance, service evaluation, and research and develop-ment.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus for testing under this test method shallconsist of as many of the following components, described in6.2 through 6.12, as required to perform the desir
18、ed testmeasurements.6.2 Test CoilsIn general, test coils are designed to sur-round a square center leg stack (lamination stack height equalto center leg width). They consist of two or more windings withthe secondary wound on the coil form first. Three groups ofstandard test coils are described in 6.
19、2.1 through 6.2.3. Each ofthese has been designed to provide specific features during test.Because of turns, coil resistance, and magnitude of inducedvoltage, each has a particular field of application.6.2.1 The coils listed in Table 1, for testing Category 1cores, have been designed to have equal p
20、rimary and secondaryturns and provide an induced voltage of 115 V when operatingat a peak flux density of 15 kG 1.5 T at 60 Hz.6.2.2 The coils listed in Table 2, for testing Category 2cores, have been designed to have characteristics that providea direct readout capability for incremental permeabili
21、ty. Thetest coil is designed so that the primary winding 22.N15 100=2 p l1, the secondary winding N2=20l1, andthe tertiary winding N3is designed so that theN35 5=2 p l1(and N1/N3= 20).6.2.3 The coils listed in Table 3 have been designed fortesting Category 1 cores at a frequency of 400 Hz.6.3 Flux V
22、oltmeterThe flux voltmeter shall be a trueaverage responsive voltmeter calibrated to read=2 p/4 timesthe full wave rectified average voltage so that its indicationswill be identical to those of a true rms voltmeter on a puresinusoidal voltage. To produce the estimated precision of testsunder this te
23、st method, the full-scale errors shall not exceed0.5 % (0.25 % or better preferred). Either digital or analog fluxvoltmeters are permitted. The normally high impedance ofdigital flux voltmeters is desirable to minimize loading effects.The internal resistance of an analog flux voltmeter shall not bel
24、ess than 1000 V/V of full-scale indication.6.4 A variable voltage divider on the input of the fluxvoltmeter may be used to scale the voltmeter reading. Thevoltage divider should provide for ratio adjustments to foursignificant figures to establish the desired fraction of thesecondary voltage that is
25、 to be impressed on the flux voltmeter.Care must be taken to assure that the voltage rating of a ratiotransformer is adequate for use at the test frequency andvoltage. A resistive voltage divider may be used with highimpedance electronic voltmeters. Dividers having a total resis-tance of at least 10
26、 KV for low-voltage tests and 100 KV ormore for other tests are preferred. When a resistive voltagedivider is used, additional correction for instrument burdenmay be required to eliminate the effect of the resistive losses inthe voltage divider upon measurements.6.5 RMS Voltmeter, VA true rms respon
27、sive voltmetershall be used to indicate the rms voltage for exciting powerTABLE 1 Test Coils for EI Laminations Used at 60 Hz in Power Applications, Category 1NOTE 1Winding forms should allow for at least 0.030-in. 0.076-cm clearance between lamination stack and coil form, and its walls should not b
28、ethicker than necessary to provide adequate insulation and strength for coil support.NOTE 2These coils are also suitable for use at 50 Hz and other frequencies.NOTE 3N3winding is required for setting induction when incremental properties are to be measured or where other instruments interfere within
29、duction measurements. It is composed of one layer of No. 34 wire so that N35 5=2p l1(where l1is the magnetic path length).Lamination Test Winding (see 6.2.1)Center Leg N1N2N3Width (w)LengthRelativeto wStack Height (h)TurnsWireSizeResist-ance,VTurnsWireSizeResist-ance, VTurnsWireSizeResist-ance, Vin.
30、 cm in. cm38 0.9525 1.5w34 1.905 1000 35 84.3 1000 35 103.8 64 34 2.8412 1.270 1.5w 1 2.540 800 34 68.3 800 34 80.7 72 34 4.0058 1.588 1.5w78 2.222 800 33 56.6 800 33 67.8 83 34 5.5434 1.905 1.5w34 1.905 800 31 36.6 800 31 43.5 100 34 7.7778 2.222 1.5w78 2.222 588 28 15.4 588 28 18.1 116 34 9.861516
31、 2.381 1.5w1516 2.381 513 26 8.75 513 26 10.6 136 34 12.81 2.540 1.5w 1 2.540 450 25 6.02 450 25 7.44 133 34 13.3118 2.857 1.5w 118 2.857 356 24 4.45 356 24 5.37 150 34 16.7114 3.175 1.5w 114 3.175 288 22 2.43 288 22 2.92 167 34 20.4138 3.493 1.5w 138 3.493 238 20 1.43 238 20 1.75 183 34 24.3112 3.8
32、10 1.5w 112 3.810 200 18 0.82 200 18 0.98 200 34 28.8158 4.127 1.5w 158 4.127 170 14 0.35 170 14 0.46 245 34 38.0134 4.445 1.5w 134 4.445 147 16 0.45 147 16 0.52 233 34 38.7218 5.397 1.5w 218 5.397 100 12 0.16 100 12 0.20 283 34 56.6214 5.715 1.5w 214 5.715 89 10 0.11 89 10 0.13 320 34 67.5212 6.350
33、 1.5w 212 6.350 72 10 0.10 72 10 0.11 333 34 73.93 7.62 1.5w 112 3.810 76 10 0.11 76 10 0.11 400 34 111.04 10.16 1.5w 2 5.080 57 10 0.09 57 10 0.10 534 34 148.0A 697/A 697M 03 (2008)2measurements. It may also be used for evaluating the formfactor of the voltage induced in the secondary of the test f
34、ixtureand for evaluating instrument losses. The accuracy of the rmsvoltmeter shall be the same as that specified for the fluxvoltmeter. Either digital or analog voltmeters are permitted.The normally high-input resistance of the digital rms voltme-ters is desirable to minimize loading effects. The in
35、put resis-tance of an analog rms voltmeter shall not be less than 1000V/V of full-scale indication.NOTE 1Many electronic voltmeters are either peak responsive oraverage responsive in their indications. Although these meters may havescales that are marked RMS Volts, they should not be used for rms cu
36、rrentor rms voltage measurements when distorted waves are present. They mayindicate the rms values of voltages with little distortion but should not berelied upon for rms voltage measurements in magnetic test circuits. Whenflux is held closely sinusoidal, these probable errors can sometimes beignore
37、d for rms voltage measurements at the lower inductions. However,the current waveform under these conditions always has too muchdistortion for proper use of one of these instruments as an rms ammeter.6.6 RMS AmmeterA true rms responsive meter shall beused to measure the rms exciting current for calcu
38、latingexciting power or magnetizing force, Hz, for impedancepermeability. This meter may be either an electronic or analogtype. An analog instrument may be a moving iron-vane,thermal, or electrodynamometer type. Sufficient current rangesshould be provided to cover the desired range of excitingcurren
39、ts. This meter shall have an accuracy of 1 % of full-scaleindication or better. Its internal impedance should be less than0.1 V for testing Category 1 cores. For Category 2 cores inwhich the test coil resistance is already high, the ammetersinput resistance may be higher (Note 2). A true rms respons
40、ivevoltmeter (Note 1) of suitable accuracy connected across anammeter shunt resistor provides an rms ammeter having anadequate range and ability of adjustment.NOTE 2At any test induction the voltage drop across the rms ammeter(or shunt resistor) should be less than 1 % of the voltage across the test
41、coil primary windings.6.7 Ammeter Shunt Resistor, R1This is a high qualityresistor that is placed in series with the primary test windingand shall carry the full primary exciting current. A voltmeteracross its terminal completes an ammeter.TABLE 2 Test Coils for EI Laminations Used in General Magnet
42、ic Applications, Category 2NOTE 1Winding forms should allow for at least 0.030-in. 0.076-cm clearance between lamination stock and coil form, and its walls should be notthicker than necessary to provide adequate insulation and strength for coil support.NOTE 2These coils may be used at any frequency
43、where voltage does not become excessively large.NOTE 3N3winding is required for setting production when incremental properties are to be measured or other instruments interfere with inductionmeasurements. It is composed of one layer of No. 34 wire so that N35 5=2p l1(where l1is the magnetic path len
44、gth).Lamination Test Windings (see 6.2.2)Center Leg N1N2N3Width (w)LengthRelativeto wStack Height (h)TurnsWireSizeResist-ance, VTurnsWireSizeResist-ance,VTurnsWireSizeResist-ance, Vin. cm in. cm316 0.4763 1.5w316 0.4763 722 36 24.2 32 30 0.37 36 34 0.99714 0.635 1.5w14 0.635 888 36 26.3 36 40 0.82 4
45、4 34 1.4738 0.9525 1.5w38 0.9525 1278 36 127.8 40 24 0.30 64 34 2.8412 1.270 1.5w12 1.270 1444 36 180.4 60 24 0.42 72 34 4.0058 1.588 1.5w58 1.588 1666 36 263.2 75 24 0.58 83 34 5.531116 1.746 1.5w1116 1.746 1822 36 294.4 82 23 0.55 92 34 6.6434 1.905 1.5w34 1.905 2000 35 278.0 90 21 0.42 100 34 7.7
46、778 2.222 1.5w78 2.222 2333 34 295.7 105 21 0.45 116 34 10.31516 2.381 1.5w1516 2.381 2711 34 374.6 122 20 0.55 136 34 12.81 2.540 1.5w 1 2.540 2666 34 373.9 120 20 0.55 133 34 13.3TABLE 3 Test Coils for EI Laminations Used at 400 Hz in Power and Other Applications, Category 1NOTE 1Winding forms sho
47、uld allow for at least 0.030-in. 0.076-cm clearance between lamination stack and coil form, and its walls should be notthicker than necessary to provide adequate insulation and strength for coil support.NOTE 2 These coils are also suitable for use at other frequencies.NOTE 3This winding is required
48、for setting induction when incremental properties are to be measured or where other instruments interfere withinduction measurements. It is composed of one layer of No. 34 wire so that N35 5=2p l1(where l1is the magnetic path length).Lamination Test Windings (see 6.2.3)RatioCenter Leg N1N2N3Width (w
49、)LengthRelativetowStack Height (h)TurnsWireSizeResist-ance,VTurnsWireSizeResist-ance, VTurnsWireSizeResist-ance, VG 5 Ass/Asin. cm in. cm38 0.9525 1.5w38 0.9525 458 33 19.06 458 33 24.2 64 34 2.84 1.30812 1.270 1.5w12 1.270 262 30 6.46 262 30 7.68 72 34 4.00 1.32758 1.588 1.5w58 1.588 162 27 2.37 162 27 2.74 83 34 5.52 1.32934 1.905 1.5w34 1.905 134 24 1.16 134 24 1.38 100 34 7.77 2.51978 2.222 1.5w78 2.222 82 20 0.34 82 20 0.40 116 34 10.3 3.4071 2.540 1.5w 1 2.540 62 20 0.29 62 20 0.32 133
