1、Designation: A839 02 (Reapproved 2008)A839 15Standard Specification forIron-Phosphorus Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Parts for SoftMagnetic Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A839; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers parts produced from iron-phosphorus powder metallurgy mate
3、rials. These parts are used inmagnetic applications requiring higher permeability and electrical resistivity and lower coercive field strength than attainableroutinely from parts produced from iron powder.1.2 Two powder types are covered; Type I containing nominally 0.45 % 0.45 wt.% phosphorus, and
4、Type II containingnominally 0.8 % 0.8 wt.% phosphorus.1.3 This specification deals with P/M powder metallurgy parts in the sintered or annealed condition. Should the sintered partsbe subjected to any secondary operation that causes mechanical strain, such as machining or sizing, they should be resin
5、tered orannealed.1.4 The values stated in inch-poundSI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units, which are provided for information only and are notconsidered standard.1.5 This standard
6、 does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM St
7、andards:2A34/A34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic MaterialsA596/A596M Test Method for Direct-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using the Ballistic Method and Ring SpecimensA773/A773M Test Method for Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Low Coercivity Magnetic Materi
8、als Using Hysteresig-raphsB328B962 Test Method for Density, Oil Content, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Metal Structural Parts andOil-Impregnated BearingsMethods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products UsingArchimedes Principle (Withdrawn 2009)E1019 Test Methods
9、 for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys byVarious Combustion and Fusion Techniques3. Ordering Information3.1 Purchase orders for parts conforming to this specification shall include the following information:3.1.1 Reference to this specifi
10、cation and year of issue/revision.3.1.2 The type of powder to be used (see 4.1 and Table 1).3.1.3 Reference to an applicable part drawing.3.1.4 Quantity required.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt
11、ee A06.02 on MaterialSpecifications.Current edition approved May 1, 2008April 1, 2015. Published June 2008April 2015. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 asA83902. 02 (2008). DOI: 10.1520/A0839-02R08.10.1520/A0839-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM w
12、ebsite, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indica
13、tion of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be con
14、sidered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.5 A critical cross section of the part shall be defined and so indicated on the applicable part drawing. The location of thecritical section is by mutua
15、l agreement between the user and the producer (see 5.2).3.1.6 Magnetic property requirements if they are other than stated in Table 2.3.1.7 Whether certification of chemical analysis or magnetic property evaluation is required (see Sections 4 and 6).3.1.8 Marking and packaging requirements (see Sect
16、ion 11).3.1.9 Whether testing for magnetic aging is required.3.1.10 Exceptions to this specification or special requirements such as functional testing, as mutually agreed upon between theproducer and the user.4. Chemical Composition4.1 The chemical composition of the parts shall conform to the requ
17、irements prescribed in Table 1.4.2 Chemical analysis for phosphorus shall be determined by wet chemistry in accordance with a method to be agreed uponbetween the user and the producer.Analysis of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen shall be done in accordance with Test Methods E1019.5. Sintered Density Req
18、uirements5.1 Magnetic and residual induction of P/M powder metallurgy parts strongly depend on density. The density of P/M powdermetallurgy parts is determined by the compressibility of the powder, the compacting pressure, and sintering practice (temperature,time, and atmosphere).5.2 Parts produced
19、in conformance with this specification shall have a minimum sintered density of 6.8 g/cmMg/m3 (6800kg/m3) in the critical section of the part. The critical section shall be defined by agreement between the user and the producer.5.3 Sintered density shall be determined in accordance with Test Method
20、B328B962.6. Magnetic Property Requirements6.1 Due to the nature of P/M powder metallurgy parts production, magnetic testing of each lot is not required by thisspecification. However,Nevertheless, it is strongly recommended that the user require the producer to conduct periodic magneticevaluations an
21、d to certify the results obtained. Such magnetic property evaluations shall be conducted in the following manner.6.2 When requested, each lot of parts should be sintered with at least one and preferably three ring test specimens which complywith the geometric requirements listed in Practice A34/A34M
22、. The ring specimen(s) shall be produced from the same mixed lotof powder used to produce the parts.6.3 The dc magnetic properties shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods A596/A596M or A773/A773M.6.4 For the purpose of this specification, only the coercive field strength determined from
23、a maximum applied magnetic fieldstrength of 15 Oe (1200 A/m)1200 A/m (15 Oe) needs to be determined. Other magnetic properties may be specified by mutualagreement between the user and the producer.6.5 Coercive Field Strength RequirementsThree grades, defined by coercive field strength, are stipulate
24、d by this specificationand are listed in Table 2. The coercive field strength requirements for Type I are based on an interlaboratory study conducted byASTM Committee B09. The requirements for Type II are based on both interlaboratory study and technical literature.TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Requi
25、rements (in WeightPercent)Element Type I Type IIPhosphorus 0.40/0.50 0.75/0.85Carbon, max 0.03 0.03Oxygen, max 0.10 0.10Nitrogen, max 0.01 0.01IronA balance balanceTABLE 1 Chemical Composition Requirements (in WeightPercent)Element Type I Type IIPhosphorus 0.40/0.50 0.75/0.85Carbon, max 0.03 0.03Oxy
26、gen, max 0.10 0.10Nitrogen, max 0.01 0.01IronA balance balanceA Iron is the balance by difference. Quantitative analysis of this element is notrequired.A839 152TABLE 2 Maximum Coercive Field Strength RequirementsGrade Powder Type I(0.45 % P)Powder Type II(0.8 % P)1 1.4 Oe (110 A/m) 1.2 Oe (96 A/m)2
27、1.8 Oe (140 A/m) 1.4 Oe (110 A/m)3 2.0 Oe (160 A/m) 1.7 Oe (140 A/m)TABLE 2 Maximum Coercive Field Strength RequirementsGrade Powder Type I(0.45 wt.% P)Powder Type II(0.8 wt.% P)1 110 A/m (1.4 Oe) 100 A/m (1.2 Oe)2 140 A/m (1.8 Oe) 110 A/m (1.4 Oe)3 160 A/m (2.0 Oe) 140 A/m (1.7 Oe)TABLE X1.1 Typica
28、l Magnetic PropertiesType I Powder (0.45 % P) Type II Powder (0.8 %Sintered density, g/cm 3 6.8 7.0 7.2 6.8 7.0(kg/m3) 6 800 7 000 7 200 6 800 7 000(Relative) maximum permeability 2 300 2 600 2 700 3 500 4 000Maximum flux density, G 10 500 11 500 12 500 11 000 12 000(T) 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.10 1.20Resid
29、ual induction, G 8 500 9 000 10 000 10 000 11 000(T) 0.85 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.10Coercive field strength, Oe 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5(A/m) 140 140 140 120 120TABLE X1.2 Typical Mechanical PropertiesType I Powder (0.45 % P) Type II Powder (0.8 %Sintered density, g/cm 3 6.8 7.0 7.2 6.8 7.0(kg/m3) 6 800 7 000 7
30、 200 6 800 7 0000.2 % Offset yield strength, psi 30 000 32 000 35 000 40 000 45 000(MPa) 210 220 240 280 310Ultimate tensile strength, psi 40 000 45 000 50 000 48 000 50 000(MPa) 280 310 340 330 340Elongation in 1 in. (25.4 mm), % 5 7 7 2 3Apparent hardness, HRB 40 45 55 55 65TABLE X2.1 Typical Magn
31、etic PropertiesType I Powder (0.45 % P) Type II Powder (0.8 %Sintered density, g/cm3 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.0 7.2(kg/m3) 7 000 7 200 7 400 7 000 7 200(Relative) maximum permeability 3 000 3 200 3 600 4 000 4 500Maximum flux density, G 11 500 12 500 13 000 12 000 13 000(T) 1.15 1.25 1.30 1.20 1.30Residual ind
32、uction, G 9 000 10 000 11 000 10 500 11 500(T) 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.05 1.15Coercive field strength, Oe 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.3(A/m) 140 140 140 100 100TABLE X2.2 Typical Mechanical PropertiesType I Powder (0.45 % P) Type II Powder (0.8 %Sintered density, g/cm3 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.0 7.2(kg/m3) 7 000 7 200 7 400 7
33、000 7 2000.2 % Offset yield strength, psi 32 000 35 000 38 000 45 000 48 000(MPa) 220 240 260 310 330Ultimate tensile strength, psi 45 000 50 000 55 000 53 000 57 000(MPa) 310 340 380 360 390Elongation in 1 in. (25.4 mm), % 7 7 7 4 4Apparent hardness, HRB 45 55 60 65 70TABLE X3.1 Typical Magnetic Pr
34、opertiesType I Powder (0.45 % P) Type II Powder (0.8 %Sintered density, g/cm3 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.0 7.2(kg/m3) 7 000 7 200 7 400 7 000 7 200(Relative) maximum permeability 3 000 3 200 3 600 5 000 5 500Maximum flux density, G 11 500 12 500 13 500 13 000 13 500(T) 1.15 1.25 1.35 1.30 1.35Residual induction,
35、 G 9 000 10 000 11 000 12 000 12 500(T) 0.9 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.25Coercive field strength, Oe 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0(A/m) 120 120 120 80 80TABLE X3.2 Typical Mechanical PropertiesType I Powder (0.45 % P) Type II Powder (0.8 %Sintered density, g/cm3 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.0 7.2(kg/m3) 7 000 7 200 7 400 7 000 7 2000
36、.2 % Offset yield strength, psi 32 000 39 000 41 000 45 000 48 000A839 1536.6 Magnetic AgingNitrogen introduced during sintering can cause time-dependent degradation of magnetic properties.Therefore, when requested by the user, the producer shall test for aging. To determine the susceptibility of th
37、e parts to aging, thetest ring(s) should be heated in air for either 100 h at 150C150 C or 600 h at 100C100 C and the coercive field strengthremeasured. A change in coercive field strength of 10 % or more of the original value is evidence that aging has occurred.6.7 Since magnetic properties are str
38、ongly affected by process conditions, refer to the Appendix X1 Appendix X3 for typicalvalues and explanatory notes.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The parts shall be uniform in composition and uniform in density within critical sections.7.2 If parts are sectioned or fractured, there shall
39、be no readily recognizable defects.8. Sampling8.1 A lot shall consist of parts of the same form and dimensions, produced from a single mixed powder batch and from anunchanged process, without discontinuity in production, and submitted for inspection at one time.8.2 The user and the producer shall ag
40、ree upon a representative number of specimens for testing.9. Rejection and Rehearing9.1 Parts that fail to conform to the requirements of this specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reported to theproducer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results o
41、f the test, the producer or supplier maymake claim for a rehearing.9.2 The disposition of rejected parts shall be subject to agreement between the user and the producer.10. Certification10.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, the user shall be furnished certification that samples repr
42、esenting eachlot have either been tested or inspected as directed in this specification and the requirements have been met.10.2 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall include:10.2.1 Chemical composition,10.2.2 Part density in the critical section,10.2.3
43、Magnetic test results, if required by the user, and10.2.4 The results of any other tests stipulated in the purchase order or contract.11. Packaging and Package Marking11.1 Packaging shall be subject to agreement between the user and the producer.11.2 Parts furnished under this specification shall be
44、 in a container identified by the name or symbol of the parts producer.12. Keywords12.1 coercive field strength; iron-phosphorus; powder metallurgy (P/M); metallurgy; P/M powder metallurgy partsType I Powder (0.45 % P) Type II Powder (0.8 %(MPa) 220 269 283 310 330Ultimate tensile strength, psi 45 0
45、00 55 000 60 000 50 000 55 000(MPa) 310 379 414 340 380Elongation in 1 in. (25.4 mm), % 10 12 15 2 2Apparent hardness, HRB 45 55 60 65 70A839 154APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. TYPICAL MAGNETIC AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SINTERED AT 1120C 1120 C IN DISSOCIATED AMMONIAX1.1 The data provided in
46、 this appendix are for information only and are not requirements in this specification. Typical magneticand mechanical properties are listed in Table X1.1 and Table X1.2, respectively. The influence of sintered density is shown in bothtables. For Table X1.1, the maximum flux density, residual induct
47、ion, and coercive field strength are measured from a maximumapplied magnetic field strength of 15 Oe (1200 A/m).1200 A/m (15 Oe).TABLE X1.1 Typical Magnetic PropertiesType I Powder (0.45 wt.% P) Type II Powder (0.8 wt.% P)Sintered density, Mg/M 3 6.8 7.0 7.2 6.8 7.0 7.2(Relative) maximum permeabilit
48、y 2 300 2 600 2 700 3 500 4 000 4 500Maximum flux density, T 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.10 1.20 1.30(G) 10 500 11 500 12 500 11 000 12 000 13 000Residual induction, T 0.85 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.20(G) 8 500 9 000 10 000 10 000 11 000 12 000Coercive field strength, A/m 140 140 140 120 120 120(Oe) 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.
49、5 1.5 1.5TABLE X1.2 Typical Mechanical PropertiesType I Powder (0.45 wt.% P) Type II Powder (0.8 wt.% P)Sintered density, Mg/m3 6.8 7.0 7.2 6.8 7.0 7.20.2 % Offset yield strength, MPa 210 220 240 280 310 340(psi) 30 000 32 000 35 000 40 000 45 000 50 000Ultimate tensile strength, MPa 280 310 340 330 340 380(psi) 40 000 45 000 50 000 48 000 50 000 55 000Elongation in 25.4 mm, % 5 7 7 2 3 3Apparent hardness, HRB 40 45 55 55 65 70X2. TYPICAL MAGNETIC AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SINTERED AT 1120C 1120 C IN DRY HYDROGENX2.1 The data provided in this appendix are for info
