1、Designation: A928/A928M 09aStandard Specification forFerritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe ElectricFusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A928/A928M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers electric-fusion-welded steelpipe suitable f
3、or corrosive service.NOTE 1The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) hasbeen substituted in this specification for traditional terms such as nominaldiameter, size, and nominal size.1.2 This specification covers grades of ferritic/austeniticsteel as indicated in Table 1. The selection of t
4、he proper alloyand requirements for heat treatment shall be at the discretion ofthe purchaser, dependent on the service conditions to beencountered.1.3 Five classes of pipe are covered as follows:1.3.1 Class 1Pipe shall be double welded by processesusing filler metal in all passes and shall be radio
5、graphedcompletely.1.3.2 Class 2Pipe shall be double welded by processesusing filler metal in all passes. No radiograph is required.1.3.3 Class 3Pipe shall be single welded by processesusing filler metal in all passes and shall be radiographedcompletely.1.3.4 Class 4Same as Class 3, except that the w
6、eld passexposed to the inside pipe surface is permitted to be madewithout the addition of filler metal (see 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2).1.3.5 Class 5Pipe shall be double welded by processesusing filler metal in all passes and shall be spot radiographed.1.4 Supplementary requirements covering provisions ran
7、g-ing from additional testing to formalized procedures formanufacturing practice are provided. Supplementary Require-ments S1 through S4 are included as options to be specified inthe purchase order when desired.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately
8、 as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard. The inch-pound units sh
9、all apply unless the Mdesignation of the specification is specified in the order.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for PressureVessels and for General ApplicationsA480/A480M Specification for G
10、eneral Requirements forFlat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,Sheet, and StripA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA999/A999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeE426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-
11、Current) Exami-nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austen-itic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:3Section III, Nuclear VesselsSection VIII, Unfired Pressure VesselsSection IX, Welding Qualifications2.3 AWS Specifications:4A 5.4 Corrosion-Resisting
12、 Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Covered Welding ElectrodesA 5.9 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Bare ElectrodesA 5.11 Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Covered Welding Elec-trodesA 5.14 Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Rods andElectrodesA 5.22 Flux Cored Corrosi
13、on-Resisting Chromium andChromium-Nickel Steel ElectrodesA 5.30 Consumable Weld Inserts for Gas Tungsten ArcWelding1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.10 on Stainless and A
14、lloy Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A928/A928M 09.DOI: 10.1520/A0928_A0928M-09a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer
15、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.o
16、rg.4Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology
17、3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The definitions in Specification A999/A999M andTerminology A941 are applicable to this specification.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for product under thisspecification. Such requirements t
18、o be considered include, butare not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),4.1.2 Name of material (electric-fusion-welded pipe),4.1.3 Grade (see Table 1),4.1.4 Class (see 1.3),4.1.5 Size (outside diameter and nominal wall thickness),4.1.6 Length (specific or ra
19、ndom),4.1.7 End finish (section on ends of Specification A999/A999M),4.1.8 Authorization for repair of plate defects by weldingand subsequent heat treatment without prior approval, if such isintended (see 13.3),4.1.9 Specification designation,4.1.10 Special requirements,4.1.11 Statement invoking req
20、uirements of 13.4, if such isintended,4.1.12 Circumferential weld permissibility (see Section 17),4.1.13 Supplementary Requirements (S1 through S4),4.1.14 Applicable ASME Code, if known,4.1.15 For ASME Code Section III applications, the serviceclassification intended, and4.1.16 Certification require
21、ments (see section on certifica-tion of Specification A999/A999M).5. General Requirements5.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi-cation A999/A999M unless otherwise provided herein.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Mater
22、ialsThe steel plate material shall conform to therequirements of one of the grades of Specification A240/A240M, listed in Table 1.6.2 Welding:6.2.1 The joints shall be full penetration double-welded orsingle-welded butt joints using fusion welding processes asdefined under Definitions, ASME Boiler a
23、nd Pressure VesselCode, Section IX. This specification makes no provision forany difference in weld quality requirements, regardless of theweld joint type used (single or double) in making the weld.Where backing rings or strips are used, the ring or stripmaterial shall be of the same P-Number (Table
24、 QW-422 ofSection IX) as the plate being joined. Backing rings or stripsshall be removed completely after welding, prior to anyrequired radiography, and the exposed weld surface shall beexamined visually for conformance to the requirements of6.2.3. Welds made by procedures using backing strips or ri
25、ngsthat remain in place are prohibited. Welding procedures andwelding operators shall be qualified in accordance with theASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.6.2.2 Except as provided in 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2, welds shallbe made in their entirety by processes involving the depositionof fill
26、er metal.6.2.2.1 For Class 4 pipe using multiple passes, it is permit-ted to make the root-pass without the addition of filler metal.6.2.2.2 For Class 4 pipe, it is permitted that the weld surfaceexposed inside the pipe be the result from a single pass madefrom the inside of the pipe without the add
27、ition of filler metal.6.2.2.3 All single-welded pipe shall be radiographed com-pletely.6.2.3 The weld surface on either side of the weld may beflush with the base plate or may have a reasonably uniformcrown, not to exceed18 in. 3 mm. It is permitted to removeany weld reinforcement, at the option of
28、the manufacturer or byagreement between the manufacturer and purchaser. The con-tour of the reinforcement shall be reasonably smooth and freeof irregularities. The deposited metal shall be fused uniformlyinto the plate surface. No concavity of contour is permittedunless the resulting thickness of we
29、ld metal is equal to orgreater than the minimum thickness of the adjacent base metal.6.2.4 Weld defects shall be repaired by removal to soundmetal and rewelding. Subsequent heat treatment and examina-tion (that is, visual, radiographic, and dye penetrant) shall be asrequired on the original welds.6.
30、3 Heat Treatment:6.3.1 Unless otherwise stated in the order, heat treatmentshall be performed after welding and in accordance with therequirements of Table 2.6.3.2 If the purchaser desires pipe without heat treatmentsubsequent to welding, the purchase order shall specify thefollowing condition:6.3.2
31、.1 No final heat treatment of pipe fabricated of platethat has been heat treated as required by Table 2 for theparticular grade. Each pipe supplied under this requirementshall be stenciled with the suffix “HT-O.”7. Chemical Composition7.1 The chemical composition of the plate shall conform tothe req
32、uirements of the applicable specification and gradelisted in Table 1.7.2 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, thechemical composition of the welding material shall conform tothe requirements of the applicable AWS specification for thecorresponding grade given in Table 1 or shall conform
33、 to thechemical composition specified for the plate, or shall, subjectto purchaser approval, be a filler metal more highly alloyedthan the base metal when needed for corrosion resistance orother properties. Use of a filler metal other than that listed inTable 1 or conforming to the chemical composit
34、ion specifiedfor the plate shall be reported and the filler metal identified onthe certificate of tests. When nitrogen is a specified element forthe ordered grade, the method of analysis shall be a matter ofagreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.8. Heat Analysis8.1 The chemical analysi
35、s of the steel shall be determinedby the plate manufacturer and shall conform to the require-ments for the particular grade as prescribed in SpecificationA240/A240M.A928/A928M 09a2TABLE 1 Pipe and Filler Metal SpecificationsUNSDesignationGradeAASTM PlateSpecification No.and GradeA5.4 A5.9 A5.11 A5.1
36、4 A5.22 A5.30Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class UNSS31200 . . . A240 S31200BBBBBBBBBBBBS31260 . . . A240 S31260S31500 . . . A240 S31500BBBBBBBBBBBBS31803 . . . A240 S31803 E2209. W39209. ER2209. S39209.BBBBE2209TOX. W39239.BBS32003 . . . A240 S32003BBBBBBBBBBBBS32202 A240 S32202
37、S32205 2205 A240 S32205 E2209. W39209. ER2209. S39209.BBBBE2209TOX. W39239.BBS32304 2304 A240 S32304BBBBBBBBBBBBS32506 . . . A240 S32506S32550 255 A240 S32550 E2553. W39553. ER2553. S39553.BBBBE2553TOX. W39533.BBS32750 2507 A240 S32750 E2594. W39594. ER2594. S32750.BBBBBBBBS32900 329CA240 type 329BB
38、BBBBBBBBBBS32950 . . . A240 S32950S32760 . . . A240 S32760BBBBBBBBBBBBS32520 . . . A240 S32520AExcept as indicated, common name, not a trademark, widely used, not associated with any one producer.BAn AWS standard filler metal is not yet available for inclusion in this table.CA grade designation orig
39、inally assigned by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).A928/A928M09a39. Product Analysis9.1 At the request of the purchasers inspector, an analysisof one length of flat-rolled stock from each heat, or from basemetal and weld deposit from two pipes from each lot, shall bemade by the manufact
40、urer. A lot of pipe shall consist of thefollowing number of lengths of the same size and wallthickness from any one heat of steel:NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in LotUnder 2 400 or fraction thereof2 to 5, incl 200 or fraction thereof6 and over 100 or fraction thereof9.2 The results of these analyse
41、s shall be reported to thepurchaser or the purchasers representative and shall conformto the requirements specified in Section 7, subject to theproduct analysis tolerances of Table 1 in Specification A480/A480M.9.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 8.1 or 9.1does not conform to the re
42、quirements specified in Section 7,itis permitted to obtain an analysis of the base metal and welddeposit of each pipe from the same heat or lot, and all pipeconforming to the requirements shall be accepted.10. Tensile Requirements10.1 The plate used in making the pipe shall conform to therequirement
43、s as to tensile properties of the applicable specifi-cations listed in Table 1. Tension tests made by the platemanufacturer shall qualify the plate material.10.2 The transverse tension test taken across the weldedjoint specimen shall have a tensile strength not less than thespecified minimum tensile
44、 strength of the plate.11. Permissible Variations of Dimensions for Thin-WallPipe11.1 For thin-wall pipe, defined as pipe having a wallthickness of 3 % or less of the specified outside diameter, thediameter tolerance, as listed in Specification A999/A999M,shall apply only to the mean of the extreme
45、(maximum andminimum) outside diameter readings in any one cross section.11.2 For thin-wall pipe, the difference in extreme outsidereadings (called the ovality) in any one section shall not exceedtwice the permissible variations in outside diameter for thespecified diameter as listed in Specification
46、 A999/A999M.12. Transverse Guided-Bend Weld Tests12.1 Two bend test specimens shall be taken transverselyfrom the pipe. Except as provided in 12.2, one shall be subjectto a face guided-bend test and the second to a root guided-bendtest. One specimen shall be bent with the inside surface of thepipe a
47、gainst the plunger, and the other with the outside surfaceagainst the plunger.12.2 For specified wall thicknesses over38 in. 9.5 mm butless than34 in. 19 mm, side-bend tests may be made insteadof the face and root-bend tests. For specified wall thicknesses34 in. 19 mm and over, both specimens shall
48、be subjected tothe side-bend tests. Side-bend specimens shall be bent so thatone of the side surfaces becomes the convex surface of thebend specimen.12.3 The bend test shall be acceptable if no cracks or otherdefects exceeding18 in. 3 mm in any direction are present inthe weld metal or between the w
49、eld and the pipe metal afterbending. Cracks that originate along edges of the specimenduring testing, and that are less than14 in. 6.5 mm measuredin any direction, shall not be considered.13. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance13.1 The finished pipe shall have a workmanlike finish.13.2 Repair of Plate Defects by Machining or GrindingPipe showing slivers may be machined or ground inside oroutside to a depth that shall ensure the removal of all includedscale and slivers, providing the wall thickness is not reducedbelow the specified minimum wall thicknes
