1、Designation: B 194 01e1Standard Specification forCopper-Beryllium Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTEReferenced Documents were editorially correcte
3、d in November 2003.1. Scope*1.1 This specification establishes the requirements forcopper-beryllium alloy plate, sheet, strip, and rolled bar. Thefollowing alloys are specified:2Copper Alloy Previously Used Commercial Nominal BerylliumUNS No.2Designations Content, %C17000 Alloy 165 1.7C17200 Alloy 2
4、5 1.91.2 Unless otherwise required, Copper Alloy UNS No.C17200 shall be the alloy furnished whenever SpecificationB 194 is specified without any alloy designation.1.3 UnitsWith the exception of Grain Size values, thevalues stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in
5、 parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units, which are provided for informationonly and not considered standard.1.4 The following hazard statement pertains only to the testmethod portions in the annex of this specification:1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety conce
6、rns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on dateof
7、 material purchase form a part of this specification to theextent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:B 248 Specification for General Requirements for WroughtCopper and Copper-Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and RolledBar3B 601 Classification for Temper Designations for Copperand Copper AlloysWrought an
8、d Cast3B 846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys3E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials4E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSuperficial Hardness of Metallic Materials4E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size4E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals an
9、d Alloys (UNS)53. General Requirements3.1 The following sections of Specification B 248 constitutea part of this specification:3.1.1 Terminology3.1.2 Materials and Manufacture3.1.3 Dimensions, Weights, and Permissible Variations3.1.4 Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance3.1.5 Sampling3.1.6 Number of T
10、ests and Retests3.1.7 Specimen Preparation3.1.8 Test Methods3.1.9 Significance of Numerical Limits3.1.10 Inspection3.1.11 Rejection and Rehearing3.1.12 Certification3.1.13 Mill Test Report3.1.14 Packaging and Package Marking3.2 In addition, when a section with a title identical to thatreferenced in
11、3.1 above appears in this specification, it containsadditional requirements that supplement those appearing inSpecification B 248.4. Terminology4.1 For terms relating to copper and copper alloys, refer toTerminology B 846.5. Ordering Information5.1 Include the following information in orders for pro
12、d-ucts:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.01 on Plate,Sheet, and Strip.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Originallypublished as B 194 45 T. Last previous ed
13、ition B 194 96.2The UNS system for copper and copper alloys (see Practice E 527) is a simpleexpansion of the former standard designation system accomplished by the additionof a prefix “C” and a suffix “00.” The suffix can be used to accommodatecomposition variations of the base alloy.3Annual Book of
14、 ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.1 Qu
15、antity,5.1.2 Copper Alloy UNS number (1.1),5.1.3 Form of material: plate, sheet, strip, or rolled bar,5.1.4 Temper (7.1),5.1.5 Dimensions: thickness and width, and length if appli-cable.5.1.6 How furnished: rolls, stock lengths with or withoutends, specific lengths with or without ends,5.1.7 Type of
16、 edge, if required: slit, sheared, sawed, squarecorners, rounded corners, rounded edges, or full-rounded edges(Specification B 248, Section 5.6),5.1.8 Type of width and straightness tolerances, if required:slit-metal tolerances, square-sheared-metal tolerances, sawed-metal tolerances, straightened o
17、r edge-rolled-metal tolerances(Specification B 248, Section 5.3),5.1.9 Special thickness tolerances, if required (SpecificationB 248, Table 3),5.1.10 Tension test or hardness as applicable (Section 8),5.1.11 Bend test, if required (Section 11),5.1.12 Grain size or grain count if required (Section 9
18、or10),5.1.13 Certification if required (see Specification B 248,Section 14),5.1.14 Mill Test Report, if required (see SpecificationB 248, Section 15),5.1.15 Specification number and year of issue, and5.1.16 Special tests or exceptions, if any.5.2 When material is purchased for agencies of the U.S.go
19、vernment, this shall be specified in the contract or purchaseorder, and the material shall conform to the Supplementaryrequirements as defined in the current issue of SpecificationB 248.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The material shall conform to the chemical requirementsspecified in Table 1.6.2 These s
20、pecification limits do not preclude the presenceof other elements. Limits for unnamed elements may beestablished, by agreement between manufacturer or supplierand purchaser. Copper may be given as remainder, and may betaken as the difference between the sum of all elementsanalyzed and 100 %. When al
21、l elements in Table 1 areanalyzed, their sum shall be 99.5 % minimum.7. Temper7.1 Tempers available under this specification are defined inPractice B 601. The standard tempers of product are asdesignated in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4. Plate is generallyavailable in the TB00 (A), TD04 (H), TF00 (A
22、T), and TH04(HT) tempers.8. Mechanical Property Requirements8.1 For product less than 0.050 in. (0.127 mm) in thickness:8.1.1 Tensile test results shall be the product acceptancecriteria, when tested in accordance with Test Method E 8.8.1.2 The tensile strength requirements are given in Table 2,Tabl
23、e 3, and Table 4.8.2 For product 0.050 in. (1.270 mm) and greater inthickness.8.2.1 Rockwell hardness is the product acceptance criteria,when tested in accordance with Test Method E 18.8.2.2 The referee product rejection criteria shall be tensiletest results, when tested in accordance with Test Meth
24、od E 8.8.2.3 Rockwell hardness and tensile strength requirementsare given in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4.8.3 Product, as specified in 7.1, shall conform to therequirements specified in Table 2, in the solution heat-treated,or solution heat-treated and cold-worked conditions, and inTable 3, after p
25、recipitation heat-treatment or Table 4 in themill-hardened condition. Precipitation heat-treatment param-eters for Table 2 and Table 3 are shown in Section 12.9. Grain Size9.1 Material over 0.010 in. (0.254 mm) in thickness shallhave an average grain size in accordance with Test MethodE 112, not exc
26、eeding the limits specified in Table 5. Thedeterminations are made on the separate samples and in a planeperpendicular to the surface and perpendicular to the directionof rolling.10. Grain Count10.1 The grain count of a sample of material, in any temper,over 0.004 to 0.010 in. (0.102 to 0.254 mm), i
27、nclusive, inthickness shall not be less than the limits specified in Table 6.10.2 Grain count is the number of grains per stock thick-ness, averaged for five locations one stock thickness apart.Grain count shall be determined in a plane perpendicular to thesurface and perpendicular to the direction
28、of rolling.11. Bend-Test Requirements11.1 The optional bend test is a method for evaluating theductility of precipitation heat-treated copper-beryllium strip inthin gages.11.2 When specified in the order (see 5.1.6), material in anytemper 0.004 to 0.020 in. (0.102 to 0.508 mm), inclusive, inthicknes
29、s shall conform to the requirements specified in Table7, when tested in accordance with 14.2.11.3 Five specimens,38 6116 in. (9.52 6 1.59 mm) inwidth, of any convenient length, with the rolling directionparallel to the38-in. dimension, shall be precipitation heat-treated in accordance with 12.2. To
30、pass the bend test, at leastfour specimens out of five, and at least 80 % of the totalspecimens tested from a lot shall withstand the 90 bendwithout visible crack or fracture, when tested in accordancewith 15.3.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElementComposition, %Copper Alloy UNSNo. C17000Copper Alloy
31、UNSNo. C17200Beryllium 1.601.79 1.802.00Additive elements:Nickel + cobalt, min 0.20 0.20Nickel + cobalt + iron, max 0.6 0.6Aluminum, max 0.20 0.20Silicon, max 0.20 0.20Copper remainder remainderB19401e1212. Precipitation Heat-Treatment12.1 Solution-heat-treated or solution-heat-treated and cold-work
32、ed material is normally precipitation hardened by thepurchaser after forming or machining. For the purpose ofdetermining conformance to specified mechanical properties ofTable 3, a sample of the as-supplied material shall be heattreated as shown in Table 8. Other heat treating temperaturesand times
33、may be preferred for end products of this material.12.2 The solution-heat-treated and cold-worked test speci-mens shall be heat treated at a uniform temperature of 600 to675F (316 to 357C) for the time shown in Table 8.12.3 Special combinations of properties such as increasedductility, electrical co
34、nductivity, dimensional accuracy, endur-ance life, and resistance to elastic drift and hysteresis in springsmay be obtained by special precipitation-hardening heat treat-ments. The mechanical requirements of Table 3 do not apply tosuch special heat treatments.12.4 Mill-hardened products have been pr
35、ecipitation heat-treated by the manufacturer. Further thermal treatment is notnormally required.13. Sampling13.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with SpecificationB 248, Section 7, except that the heat size is defined as 12 000lbs (5455 kg) or fraction thereof.14. Specimen Preparation14.1 The tensio
36、n specimen direction shall have the longitu-dinal test-axis parallel to the rolling direction, unless mutuallyagreed upon between the supplier and purchaser at the time theorder is placed.14.2 When required, five bend-test specimens per test setshall be cut38 6116 in. (9.52 6 1.59 mm) in width and a
37、nyconvenient length. Specimens shall be precipitation heat-treated after cutting and prior to testing. Precipitation heat-treatment parameters for these bend tests shall be in accordancewith 12.2.15. Test Methods15.1 The method for determining chemical analysis forcompliance and preparation of certi
38、fications and test reportsshall be at the discretion of the reporting laboratory.15.2 In case of dispute, the test methods found in Annex A1shall be used for determining chemical requirements for theelements and ranges shown in Table 1.15.2.1 When analysis for unnamed or residual elements isrequired
39、 in the purchase order, the method of analysis shall bemutually agreed upon between manufacturer or supplier andpurchaser.15.3 Bend-test specimens, shall be tested by clamping themfirmly between a flat jaw and the test radius, as shown in Fig.1. The test specimen shall be bent approximately 90 aroun
40、dthe test radius, using a tangential wiping motion with adequateradial pressure to ensure continuous contact between thespecimen and the test radius. Test specimens shall be bent tothe full 90 bend position. The test radius shall be within 66 % of the nominal radius up to 0.010 in. (0.254 mm),exclus
41、ive, and within 6 4 % for radii 0.010 in. and over.16. Keywords16.1 C17000; C17200; copper-beryllium; flat products; cop-per plate; copper rolled bar; copper stripTABLE 2 Mechanical Property Requirements for Material in the Solution-Heat-Treated or Solution-Heat-Treated and Cold-WorkedConditionTempe
42、r DesignationAMaterial Thickness, in.Tensile Strength,ksiB(MPa)CElongationDin 2 in. or50 mm, min,%Rockwell HardnessEStandard Former Over Incl B Scale 30T Scale 15T ScaleTB00 A . . 6078(410540)35 4578 4667 7585TD0114 H . 0.188 7588(520610)15 6890 6275 8389TD0212 H . 0.188 85100(590690)9 8896 7479 889
43、1TD04 H . 0.188 100130(690900)2 96104 7983 9194TD04 H 0.188 0.375 90130(660900). 91103 77 90TD04 H 0.375 1.000 90120(620830). 90102 . .TD04 H over 1.000 85115(590800)8 88102 . .AStandard designations defined in Practice B 601.Bksi = 1000 psi.CSee Appendix X1.DElongation requirement applies to materi
44、al 0.004 in. (0.102 mm) and thicker.EThe thickness of material that may be tested by use of the Rockwell hardness scales is as follows:B Scale0.040 in. (1.016 mm) and over30T Scale0.020 to 0.040 in. (0.508 to 1.016 mm), excl.15T Scale0.015 to 0.020 in. (0.381 to 0.508 mm), excl.Hardness values shown
45、 apply only to direct determinations, not converted values.B19401e13TABLE 3 Mechanical Property Requirements After Precipitation Heat-TreatmentATemper Designation Material Thickness, in.Tensile Strength,ksiB(MPa)CYield Strength, ksi(MPa),min, 0.2 % OffsetElongation in2 in.(50 mm), min,%DRockwell Har
46、dnessE, minStandard Former Over Incl C Scale 30N Scale 15N ScaleCopper Alloy UNS No. C17000TF00 AT . 0.188 150180F(10301240)130(890)3 33 53 76.5TF00 AT 0.188 . 165195F(11401340) 130 3 36 56 78TH0114 HT . . 160190F(11001310)135(930)2.5 35 55 77TH0212 HT . . 170200F(11701380)145(1000)1 37 57 78.5TH04
47、HT . . 180210F(12401450)155(1070)1 38 58 79.5Copper Alloy UNS No. C17200TF00 AT . . 165195F(11401340)140(960)3365678TH0114 HT . 0.188 175205F(12101410)150(1030)2.5 36 56 79TH0212 HT . 0.188 185215F(12801480)160(1100)1 38 58 79.5TH04 HT . 0.188 190220F(13101520)165(1140)1385880TH04 HT 0.188 0.375 180
48、215F(12401480)160(1100)1385880TH04 HT 0.375 1.000 180210F(12401450)155(1070)1 38 . .TH04 HT 1.000 2.000 175205F(12101410)150(1030)2 37 . .TH04 HT over 2.000 165200F(11401380)130(890)2 36 . .AThese values apply to mill products (Section 14). See 12.3 for exceptions in end products.Bksi = 1000 psi.CSe
49、e Appendix X1.DElongation requirement applies to material 0.004 in. (0.102 mm) and thicker.EThe thickness of material that may be tested by use of the Rockwell Hardness scales is as follows:C Scale0.040 in. (1.016 mm) and over30N Scale.0.020 to 0.040 in. (0.508 to 1.016 mm), excl.15N Scale.0.015 to 0.02 in. (0.381 to 0.508 mm), excl.Hardness values shown apply only to direct determinations, not converted values.FThe upper limits in the tensile strength column are for design guidance only.B19401e14TABLE 4 Str
