1、Designation: B 329 06Standard Test Method forApparent Density of Metal Powders and Compounds Usingthe Scott Volumeter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 329; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers deter
3、mination of the apparentdensity of metal powders and related compounds using theScott Volumeter, also known as the Paint Pigment Volumeter.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport t
4、o address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 215 Pr
5、actices for Sampling Metal PowdersB 243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB 873 Test Method for Measuring Volume of ApparentDensity Cup Used in Test Methods B 212, B 329, and B4173. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod see Terminology B 243.4. Significance and Use
6、4.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the apparentdensity physical characteristic of powders. The degree ofcorrelation between the results of this test and the quality ofpowders in use will vary with each particular application andhas not been fully determined.4.2 The apparent density measur
7、ed via this test method isoften referred to as the “Scott Density.”5. Apparatus5.1 Fig. 1 shows the Scott Volumeter consisting of thefollowing parts:5.1.1 Top FunnelsA large funnel with a 16-mesh screenand a small conical funnel for directing the powder into thebaffle box. Funnels and screen may be
8、brass or stainless steel.5.1.2 Baffle BoxA box with two glass sides and twowooden sides containing a series of four glass baffle plates.The wooden baffle box may be substituted by a water-resistant material, such as stainless steel, if washing is moredesirable than air cleaning.5.1.3 Bottom FunnelA
9、small brass or stainless steel fun-nel directly beneath lower baffle box opening for directing thepowder into the density cup.5.1.4 Density CupsA cylindrical cup having a capacity of25.00 6 0.03 cm3, with an inside diameter of 28.00 6 0.50mm; or a square cup with a capacity of 16.39 6 0.05cm3(1.000
10、6 0.003 in.3). Density cups may be either brass orstainless steel.5.1.5 StandA 90 pivoting wooden or stainless steel standto support the funnels and the baffle box concentric with thedensity cup so that the bottom funnel lower opening is 19 mm(34 in.) above the top of the density cup as shown in Fig
11、. 1when using the cubic inch cup. Fig. 2 shows some suggestedmodifications for use of the metric cup. Modifications A and Cof Fig. 2 are suggested when the metric cup is to be usedexclusively. Modification B of Fig. 2 is suggested when bothcups are to be used interchangeably.5.2 Instrument SupportA
12、stand or bench surface, leveland vibration free.5.3 BalanceA balance having a capacity of at least 200 gand an accuracy of 60.05 g with full-range taring capability.5.4 BrushA good quality, 25.4-mm (1-in.) wide brush,preferably nylon.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09
13、on MetalPowders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee B09.03 on Refractory Metal Powders.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B 329 98 (2003)e1.2For referenced ASTM
14、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM
15、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.5 SpatulaA standard 12.7-mm (12-in.) wide stainlesssteel laboratory spatula.6. Test Specimen6.1 Obtain a test specimen in accordance with PracticesB 215.6.2 Aminimum of 25 cm3(1.5 in.3) of powder for
16、 the squarecup and 35 cm3(2.0 in.3) of powder for the cylindrical cup willbe needed.7. Calibration and Standardization7.1 The density cups shall be calibrated in accordance withASTM Test Method B 873.8. Procedure8.1 Tare or preweigh the density cup.8.2 Pour the powder being tested carefully into the
17、 topreceiving funnel and permit the powder to run into the densitycup. Completely fill the density cup to overflowing or fill toFIG. 1 Density Apparatus AssemblyFIG. 2 Suggested Methods of Modifying the Wooden Scott Volumeter for Metric Density CupB329062overflowing and form a mound of powder above
18、the top of thedensity cup. If the powder is not free-flowing, carefully brushthe sample through the top receiving funnel screen withoutjarring the volumeter. Jarring of the volumeter could result inpacking of the powder in the density cups, thus givingerroneously high values.8.3 Remove the excess po
19、wder in the density cup by passingthe edge of the spatula blade parallel to, and in contact with, thetop of the cup. Move the spatula smoothly along the top surfaceof the cup and back again until all excess powder has beenremoved, special care being taken to direct the excess powderinto the unfilled
20、 areas of the cup. It is important that the spatulabe kept level at all times to prevent packing or pulling out ofthe powder. Perform the completed leveling operation toproduce a uniform powder surface perfectly level with the topof the density cup.8.4 After the leveling operation, lightly tap the s
21、ide of thedensity cup to settle the powder to avoid spilling whiletransferring the cup to the balance for weighing.8.5 Determine the mass of the powder to the nearest 0.1 g byweighing the cup plus powder and, if preweighed and not tared,subtracting the mass of the cup.9. Calculation9.1 Divide the ma
22、ss of the powder by the volume of the cupto obtain the apparent density.10. Report10.1 Report test results as “Scott Density” or “ApparentDensity, Scott” in grams per cubic centimetre to the nearest 0.1g/cm3.NOTE 1If the square cup is used, multiply the result obtained in gramsper cubic inch by 0.06
23、10 for conversion to grams per cubic centimetre.10.2 Report which density cup was used in the test.10.3 Include a reference to this test method in the report.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionPrecision has been determined from round-robin testing performed prior to the approval of this testmethod.
24、 Those results, which have been re-verified, show aprecision of from 63 to 7 % of the value determined as the 2s limits for powders with apparent densities of 1 to 5 g/cm3.11.2 BiasBias cannot be stated since there is no univer-sally accepted standard instrument, nor are there certifiedstandards ava
25、ilable.12. Keywords12.1 apparent density; bulk density; Paint Pigment Volume-ter; powder metallurgy; powders; refractory metals; Scottdensity; Scott VolumeterSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (June 2003)that may impa
26、ct the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2006)(1) Modifications were made to the test method to allow forthe use of stainless steel upper and lower funnels, density cups,and baffle box as alternatives to the brass funnels and cups andwooden baffle box.(2) The sole source references were remove
27、d.(3) Made “practices” in section 6.1 plural.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, an
28、d the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revisi
29、on of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you sh
30、ouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B329063
