1、Designation: B 394 03Standard Specification forNiobium and Niobium Alloy Seamless and Welded Tubes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers wrought niobium and niobiumalloy seamless and welded tubes as follows:NOTE 1Committee B10 has adopted “n
3、iobium” as the designation forElement No. 41, formerly named “columbium.”1.1.1 R04200-Type 1Reactor grade unalloyed niobium,1.1.2 R04210-Type 2Commercial grade unalloyed nio-bium,1.1.3 R04251-Type 3Reactor grade niobium alloy con-taining 1 % zirconium, and1.1.4 R04261-Type 4Commercial grade niobium
4、alloycontaining 1 % zirconium.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion of this specification. This standard doesnot purport to a
5、ddress all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:B 391 Specificat
6、ion for Niobium and Niobium Alloy In-gots2E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials3E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 lota lot shall consist of al
7、l material produced fromthe same ingot at one time, with the same cross section,processed with the same nominal metallurgical parameters andheat treated at the same conditions.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-clude the following information as applica
8、ble:4.1.1 Type and grade (Section 1),4.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.3 Welding (Section 5),4.1.4 Quantity in weight, number of pieces, and dimensions,4.1.5 Chemistry (6.3),4.1.6 Temper designation (Section 8),4.1.7 Permissible variations in length and quantity or weight(9.2, 9.4, and Ta
9、ble 1B),4.1.8 Quality and finish (10.4),4.1.9 Sampling (11.2),4.1.10 Hydrostatic or pneumatic test (14.2),4.1.11 Inspection (Section 15),4.1.12 Required reports (Section 17), and4.1.13 Additions to the specification and supplementaryrequirements, as required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Material
10、covered by this specification shall be madefrom ingots that conform to Specification B 391 and that areproduced by vacuum or plasma arc melting, vacuum electron-beam melting, or a combination of these three methods.5.2 Seamless tubes may be made by any seamless methodthat will yield a product meetin
11、g the requirements of thisspecification, such as, but not limited to, extrusion of billetswith subsequent cold working by drawing, swaging, or rock-ing, with intermediate anneals, until the final dimensions arereached.5.3 Welded tubing shall be made from flat-rolled productsby an automatic or semiau
12、tomatic welding process with noaddition of filler metal in the welding operation. Other methodsof welding, such as the addition of filler metal or hand welding,may be employed if approved by the purchaser and tested bymethods agreed upon between the manufacturer and the1This specification is under t
13、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.03 on Niobium and Tantalum.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as B
14、394 - 99.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.purchaser. The manufacturer must use proper precau
15、tions toprevent contamination during welding.6. Chemical and Hardness Requirements6.1 The niobium and niobium alloy ingots and billets forconversion to finished products covered by this specificationshall conform to the requirements for chemical compositionand hardness as prescribed in Table 2 and T
16、able 3.6.2 The manufacturers ingot analysis shall be consideredthe chemical analysis for products supplied under this specifi-cation, except for interstitials as specified in 6.3.6.3 When requested by the purchaser at the time of pur-chase, the manufacturer shall furnish a report certifying thevalue
17、s of the interstitial elements (C, O, N, H) as prescribed inTable 4 for each lot of material supplied.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 The annealed materials supplied under this specificationshall conform to the requirements for mechanical properties asspecified in Table 5.8. Temper Designations8.1 Unl
18、ess otherwise stated, the materials supplied underthese specifications shall be in the fully annealed condition,that is, at least 90 % recrystallized.8.2 Other temper designations, such as cold-worked temperor stress-relieved temper, can be specified as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the manuf
19、acturer at the time ofpurchase.TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Diameter and Wall ThicknessMeasured at any LocationANominal Outside Diameter,in. (mm)BVariation inOutsideDiameter,Over andUnder, in.(mm)BVariation inInsideDiameter,Over andUnder, in.(mm)CVariation inWall Thickness,Over andUnder, %C,D0.
20、187 to 0.625 (4.7 to 15.9), excl 0.004 (0.010) 0.004 (0.010) 100.625 to 1.000 (15.9 to 25.4), excl 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) 101.000 to 2.000 (25.4 to 50.8), excl 0.0075 (0.19) 0.0075 (0.19) 102.000 to 3.000 (50.8 to 76.2), excl 0.010 (0.25) 0.010 (0.25) 103.000 to 4.000 (76.2 to 101.6), excl 0.0125
21、 (0.32) 0.0125 (0.32) 10AThese tolerances are applicable to only two dimensions, such as outsidediameter and wall, or inside diameter and wall, or outside diameter and insidediameter.BFor applicable tolerances for very small tubes, less than 0.187 in. (4.9 mm) inoutside diameter, or very thin wall t
22、ubes, less than 0.010 in. (0.25 mm), theproducer should be consulted.CWhen tubes as ordered require wall thicknesses34 in. (19.05 mm) or over, oran inside diameter 60 % or less of the outside diameter, a wider variation in wallthickness is required. On such sizes, a variation in wall thickness of 12
23、.5 % overand under will be permitted.DOvality measured at any cross section: For tubes with nominal wall thicknessless than 3 % of the nominal outside diameter, the ovality tolerance is double thetolerance shown in the second and third columns.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsElementType 1(ReactorGradeU
24、nalloyedNiobium)R04200Type 2(CommercialGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04210Type 3(Reactor GradeNiobium1 %Zirconium)R04251Type 4(CommercialGradeNiobium1 %Zirconium)R04261Max Weight % (Except Where Otherwise Specified)Each ingot:Carbon 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Oxygen 0.015 0.025 0.015 0.
25、025Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015Zirconium 0.02 0.02 0.8 to 1.2(range)0.8 to 1.2(range)Tantalum 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5Iron 0.005 0.01 0.005 0.01Silicon 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Tungsten 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05Nickel 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Molybdenum 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.050Hafnium 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Titaniu
26、m 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03When specified:Boron 2 ppm . 2 ppm .Aluminum 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.005Beryllium 0.005 . 0.005 .Chromium 0.002 . 0.002 .Cobalt 0.002 . 0.002 .TABLE 3 Brinell HardnessType 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4Maximum average 90 125 125 135Maximum individual impression 105 150 140 150TABLE 4 Additi
27、onal Chemical Requirements for FinishedProduct (When Specified by Purchaser)ElementType 1(Reactor GradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04200Type 2(CommercialGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04210Type 3(Reactor GradeNiobium1 %Zirconium)R04251Type 4(CommercialGradeNiobium1 %Zirconium)R04261Max Weight %Oxygen 0.0250 0.0400 0.
28、0250 0.0400Carbon 0.0100 0.0150 0.0100 0.0150Nitrogen 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015B3940329. Permissible Variations in Dimensions and Weight9.1 Diameter and Wall ThicknessThe permissible varia-tions in diameter and wall thickness of the tubes shall notexceed those p
29、rescribed in Table 1.9.2 LengthWhen tube is ordered cut to length, the useablelength shall not be less than that specified, but a variation of+18 in. (3.18 mm) will be permitted for lengths up to 6 ft (1.8m). For lengths over 6 ft, a variation of +14 in. (6.4 mm) willbe permitted, unless otherwise s
30、pecified at the time of pur-chase.9.3 StraightnessThe tube shall be free of bends or kinks,and the maximum bow shall not exceed values shown in Table6.9.4 Quantity or WeightFor orders requiring up to 100 ft(30.5 m) of finished tubing, the manufacturer may overship by20 %. When the order is for quant
31、ities up to 1000 ft (305 m) or1000 lb (453.6 kg), the manufacturer may overship by 10 %.The permissible overshipment shall be negotiated for orderslarger than this quantity.10. Quality and Finish10.1 Finished niobium and niobium alloy tubes shall be freeof injurious internal and external imperfectio
32、ns of a nature thatwill interfere with the purpose for which it was intended.10.2 The finished tubes shall be visibly free of oxide,grease, oil, residual lubricants, and other extraneous materials.10.3 The finished tubes shall be free of cracks, seams,slivers, burrs, blisters, and other injurious im
33、perfections ex-ceeding 10 % of the nominal wall thickness.10.4 Methods of testing for these defects and standards ofacceptability shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturerand the purchaser.11. Sampling11.1 Samples for chemical and mechanical testing shall betaken from the finished material af
34、ter all metallurgical process-ing to determine conformity to this specification. The samplesmay be taken prior to final inspection and minor surfaceconditioning by abrasion and pickling, and shall be represen-tative of the finished product.11.2 Care shall be exercised to ensure that the sampleselect
35、ed for testing is representative of the material and that itis not contaminated by the sampling procedure. If there is anyquestion relating to the sampling technique or the analysisthereof, the methods of sampling and analysis shall be asagreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.12. Num
36、ber of Tests and Retests12.1 Two samples from each lot of tubes shall be tested forflare and tensile properties in the longitudinal direction.12.2 When hydrostatic or pneumatic testing is required, alltubes in the lot shall be tested.12.3 If end-product chemical tests are required (6.3), onechemical
37、 test shall be made from each lot of finished product.12.4 RetestsIf any sample or specimen exhibits obvioussurface contamination or improper preparation, disqualifying itas a truly representative sample, it shall be discarded and a newsample or specimen substituted.12.4.1 In case of a failure, rete
38、st two additional specimens.If both retest specimens conform to this specification, discardthe original values and consider the material acceptable;otherwise, the lot shall be rejected or reworked and tested.12.5 If the results of the final tube inspections are not inconformance with the requirement
39、s of this specification, the lotmay be reworked at the option of the manufacturer. The lotshall be acceptable if results of all tests, after reworking,conform to this specification.13. Significance of Numerical Limits13.1 For the purposes of determining compliance with thespecified limits for requir
40、ements of the properties listed in thisspecification, an observed value or a calculated value shall berounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding methodof Practice E 29.14. Test Methods14.1 Tension TestConduct tension tests in accordancewith Test Methods E 8. Determine the yield strength by
41、 the0.2 % offset method. Small size, 1-in. (25.4-mm) gage lengthspecimens proportional to the standard specimen can be used.Determine tensile properties using a strain rate of 0.003 to0.007 in./in.min (mm/mmmin) through the yield point. Afterthe yield strength has been exceeded, increase the cross-h
42、eadspeed to approximately 0.05 in./in.min (mm/mmmin) tofailure.14.2 Hydrostatic and Pneumatic TestThese tests are op-tional. Should the purchaser require either or both of these testson finished tubular product, the requirement must be agreedupon at the time of purchase. The cost of this special pro
43、visionwill be negotiated between the purchaser and the manufacturerat the time of purchase. The procedure for the hydrostatic testis outlined in 14.2.1, and the procedure for the pneumatic testis outlined in 14.2.2. If both tests are specified by thepurchaser, the hydrostatic test will be done first
44、.14.2.1 Hydrostatic TestEach tube so tested shall with-stand without showing bulges, leaks, or other defects, aninternal hydrostatic pressure that will produce in the tube wallTABLE 5 Mechanical PropertiesAfor Material, AnnealedCondition (90 % Minimum Recrystallized)GradeUltimate TensileStrength, mi
45、n, psi(MPa)Yield Strength(0.2 % offset), min,psi (MPa)Elongation in 1-in.(25-mm) gagelength, min, %Type 1 18 000 (125) 10 500 ( 73) 25Type 2 18 000 (125) 10 500 ( 73) 25Type 3 28 000 (195) 18 000 (125) 20Type 4 28 000 (195) 18 000 (125) 20ARefer to Section 13 for conditions of mechanical property te
46、sts.TABLE 6 StraightnessLength, ft (m) Maximum Curvature Depth of ArcOver 3 to 6 (0.91 to 1.83), incl18 in. (3.2 mm)Over 6 to 8 (1.83 to 2.44), incl316 in. (4.8 mm)Over 8 to 10 (2.44 to 3.05), incl14 in. (6.4 mm)Over 10 (3.05)14 in./any 10 ft (2.1 mm/m)B394033a stress of 75 % of the minimum specifie
47、d yield strength atroom temperature. This pressure shall be determined by thefollowing equation:P 5 2St/D(1)where:P = minimum hydrostatic pressure, psi (or MPa),S = allowable fiber stress of 75 % of the minimum yieldstrength, psi (or MPa),t = average wall thickness of the tube, in. (or mm), andD = o
48、utside diameter of the tube, in. (or mm).Maintain the test pressure for at least 10 s.14.2.2 Pneumatic TestEach tube so tested shall withstandan internal air pressure of 100 psi (.7 MPa) minimum for aminimum of 5 s without showing evidence of leakage. The testmethod used, for example, placing the tu
49、be under water orusing the pressure differential method, shall permit easy visualdetection of any leakage. Any evidence of leakage shall because for rejection of that tube.14.3 FlareA section of the finished tube shall be capableof being flared without cracking that is visible to the unaidedeye. The flare shall be made with a tool having a 60 includedangle until the outside diameter has been increased 15 %.15. Inspection15.1 If so specified on the purchase order, the purchaser orhis representative may witness the testing and inspection of thematerial at t
