1、Designation: B 417 00 (Reapproved 2006)e1Standard Test Method forApparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Usingthe Carney Funnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEFootnote 3 was editorially updated in May 2006.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure f
3、or determining theapparent density of non-free-flowing metal powders. It isdesigned for those metal powders that do not freely flowthrough the Hall flowmeter funnel.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of th
4、e user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 215 Practices for Sampling Metal PowdersB 243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB 873 Test Method for Measu
5、ring Volume of ApparentDensity Cup Used in Test Methods B 212, B 329, and B4173. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms in Terminology B 243 are appli-cable to this test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A container of definite volume is filled with non-free-flowing powder under controlled conditions. Th
6、e mass ofpowder per unit volume is determined and reported as apparentdensity, Carney.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of theapparent density physical characteristic of powders. The den-sity measured bears a relationship to the mass of powder thatwill fill
7、a fixed volume die cavity when parts are being made.The degree of correlation between the results of this testmethod and the quality of powders in use will vary with eachparticular application.6. Apparatus6.1 Powder Funnel3A Carney funnel (Fig. 1).6.2 Density Cup3A cylindrical brass cup (Fig. 2) hav
8、ing acapacity of 25 cm3. The actual cup volume shall be determinedaccording to Test Method B 873.6.3 StandA stand (Fig. 1) to support the powder funnelconcentric with the density cup so that the bottom of thepowder funnel is approximately 25 mm (1 in.) above the top ofthe density cup when the appara
9、tus is assembled as shown inFig. 1.6.4 BaseA level, vibration-free base to support the pow-der flowmeter.6.5 Balance, having a capacity of at least 200 g and asensitivity of 0.01 g.6.6 Wire, approximately 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) in diameter by150 mm (6 in.) in length.7. Test Specimen7.1 The test specimen
10、shall consist of a volume of approxi-mately 30 to 40 cm of metal powder obtained in accordancewith Practices B 215.7.2 The test specimen shall be tested as sampled. Note,however, that temperature, moisture, oils, stearic acid, stear-ates, waxes, and so forth may alter the characteristics of thepowde
11、r.8. Procedure8.1 Weigh the empty density cup to the nearest 0.1 g or,alternatively, place the empty density cup on the balance andtare the balance to zero.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on MetalPowders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of
12、Subcom-mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as B 417 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o
13、rg. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the flowmeter funnel, density cup, and standknown to the committee at this time is Acu Powder International, LLC. If you areaware of alternative supp
14、liers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, U
15、nited States.8.2 Load the test specimen carefully into the flowmeterfunnel and permit it to run into the density cup through thedischarge orifice. If necessary, it may be agitated or pushed byuse of the length of wire but take care to prevent the wire fromentering the density cup. The density cup sh
16、ould not be movedduring the filling operation.8.3 When the powder completely fills and overflows theperiphery of the density cup, rotate the funnel approximately90 in a horizontal plane so that the remaining powder fallsaway from the cup.8.4 Using a nonmagnetic spatula, with the blade heldperpendicu
17、lar to the top of the cup, level off the powder flushwith the top of the density cup. Take care to avoid jarring theapparatus at any time.8.5 After the leveling operation, tap the density cup lightlyon the side to settle the powder to avoid spilling in transfer.8.6 Transfer the filled density cup to
18、 the balance and weighto the nearest 0.1 g to determine the mass (M) of powder.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the apparent density as follows:Apparent density, g/cm35 M/V (1)where:M = mass of powder in the density cup in grams andV = volume of the density cup in cubic centimetres.10. Report10.1 Report
19、the results as apparent density, Carney, to thenearest 0.01 g/cm3.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notbeen determined by a statistically valid interlaboratory test.Results obtained by eight laboratories testing a sample of tinpowder suggest the following:11.1
20、.1 Repeatability r = 1 % (tin powder)Duplicateanalysis of a tin powder by the same operator and sameapparatus should not differ by more than 1 % at the 95 %confidence level.11.1.2 ReproducibilityR=4%(tin powder)The differ-ence between two single and independent results obtained bydifferent operators
21、 working in different laboratories on tinpowder should not differ by more than 4 % at the 95 %confidence level.11.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material fordetermining the bias for the procedure in Test Method B 417for measuring apparent density (Carney), bias has not beendetermined.12.
22、 Keywords12.1 apparent density; Carney; flowmeter funnel; metalpowdersASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of a
23、ny such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are
24、invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not recei
25、ved a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 1 Carney Funnel and StandFIG. 2 Density Cup (25 6 0.03 cm3)B 417 00 (2006)e12
