1、Designation: B560 00 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Specification forModern Pewter Alloys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B560; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers three alloy types, made fromtin, antimony, and copper, used in the fabrication of pewterarticles by casting, spinning, d
3、rawing, or forming. The metalmay be supplied in the form of bars, ingots, rolled sheet, andcircles.1.2 Pewter alloy shall be defined as having a compositionwithin the range from 90 to 98 % tin, 1 to 8 % antimony, and0.25 to 3 % copper. Compositions are given in Table 1.1.3 The values stated in inch-
4、pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5、responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiarwith all hazards including those identified in the appropriateMaterial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/materialas provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriatesafety and health practices, and determine the applicability
6、 ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE51 Method for Spectrographic Analysis of Tin Alloys bythe Powder Technique (Withdrawn 1983)3E57 Methods for ChemicalAna
7、lysis of White Metal BearingAlloys (Withdrawn 1986)3E88 Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys inCast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition3. Classification3.1 The hardness and workability of pewter varies with theamount of antimony and copper alloyed with the tin. Castingalloys
8、 generally contain less copper and a slightly higher tincontent than sheet alloys. The composition for castings (Type1) and sheet (Type 2) are shown in Table 1 , but individualfabricators may choose compositions in the range given foreach type. A special-purpose alloy (Type 3), high in tin, is usedf
9、or articles requiring a softer metal. All types must conform tothe impurity limits shown in Table 1.3.2 The following applies to all specified limits in thisstandard: For purposes of determining conformance with thesespecifications an observed value or a calculated value shall berounded “to the near
10、est unit” in the last right-hand place offigures used in expressing the limiting value, in accordancewith the rounding method of Practice E29.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Formbars, sheet, or circles,4.1.3 Typ
11、e and composition (Table 1),4.1.4 Size (sheetthickness, width and length; circlesthickness and diameter), and4.1.5 Marking.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The manufacturer shall use care to have each shipmentof each form as uniform in quality and composition as possibleand of a commercially satisfac
12、tory appearance.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition specified in Table 1. Nominalcompositions, agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser,may be prescribed under this specification.7. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations7.1 S
13、heet pewter is commercially available in thicknessesfrom 0.031 to 0.064 6 0.002 in. (0.79 to 1.63 mm) (Table 2).Thinner sheet down to a thickness of 0.010 in. (0.25 mm) canbe supplied to special order. Sheet can be supplied in widths upto 2 ft (0.6 m) and lengths up to 4 ft (1.2 m).1This specificati
14、on is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 onNonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB02.02 on Refined Lead, Tin, Antimony, and Their Alloys.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition a
15、pproved in 2010 as B560 00 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/B0560-00R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3T
16、he last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17.2 Circles are available in diameters from 2 to 20 in. (50.8to 508 mm) and in thicknesses from 0.031 to
17、 0.064 6 0.002 in.(Table 2).7.3 Bars or ingots are nominally 5 lb (2.27 kg) in mass.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 Surface defects in bars or ingots are of no importance.Surface defects in sheet pewter or circles may be a cause forrejection if the defects (pits or dents) cannot be removed
18、 to thetotal satisfaction of the purchaser by polishing. Rejection of anentire shipment should be made only if the surface defects arepresent on a substantial percentage of the shipment.9. Sampling9.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer andthe purchaser, heat (ladle) analyses furnished
19、by the manufac-turer shall be accepted as defining the composition of thematerial furnished.9.2 If samples for check analyses are desired, they shall beso specified by the purchaser at the time of placement of theorder.9.3 Check analyses samples shall consist of three bars oringots selected to repre
20、sent a shipment of less than 1000 lb(454 kg) and five bars or ingots to represent a shipment of over1000 lb (454 kg). The bars shall be selected at random,preferably under such conditions that every piece in the lot isaccessible for selection (for example, while shipment is beingloaded or unloaded).
21、 A saw cut shall be made entirely throughthe piece on its long axis and the saw chips collected. Sawingsthoroughly mixed and split into three parts shall constitute thesamples for chemical analysis (Practice E88).9.4 For sheet, circles, and discs, a sample shall consist ofclippings from not more tha
22、n 2 % of the shipment. Theminimum mass of sample shall be 250 g.10. Chemical Analysis10.1 In case of dispute, the chemical analysis shall be madein accordance with Methods E57 and E51.11. Rejection and Rehearing11.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejec
23、ted. Rejection should be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.12. Product Marking12.1 At the option of the purchaser, the manufacturersidentifying mark shall be cast
24、 or stamped on each bar. Thenumerical designation of the type shall be either cast on eachbar for identification or marked on the container. Sheet metalshall be marked on the container as to type, for identificationpurposes.13. Keywords13.1 bar; ingot; pewter; rolled sheet; tinantimonycopperalloysTA
25、BLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElementComposition, -wt%Type 1 CastingAlloyAType 2 Sheet AlloyBType 3 SpecialPurpose AlloysUNS Number L13911 L13912 L13963Tin 9093 9093 9598Antimony 68 57.5 1.03.0Copper 0.252.0 1.53.0 1.02.0Lead, max 0.05 0.05 0.05Arsenic, max 0.05 0.05 0.05Iron, max 0.015 0.015 0.015Zinc
26、, max 0.005 0.005 0.005ANominal Type 1 alloy composition: 92 Sn, 7.5 Sb, and 0.5 Cu.BNominal Type 2 alloy composition: 91 Sn, 7 Sb, and 2 Cu.B560 00 (2014)2APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONX1.1 Modern pewter can be fabricated into decorative andutilitarian articles. Articl
27、es made from modern pewter have asurface finish which very slowly tarnishes or discolors in theatmosphere. Washing at intervals in soapy water, rinsing, andimmediately drying thoroughly removes surface grime andrenovates the appearance. Many pewter articles are designed todispense foods and beverage
28、s (mugs, tumblers, vegetabledishes, water pitchers, etc.) and metal meeting this specifica-tion is mandatory for these uses.Pewter in the cast condition is harder than in any other form.Rolling the cast metal alters the crystal structure and the rolledsheet may be half as hard (see values below) as
29、the cast metal,but this is an advantage for spinning and forming. Typicalproperties of an alloy containing 91 tin, 7 antimony, and 2copper are:Density 0.263 lb/in.3(7.3 mg/m3)Liquidus 563F (295C)Solidus 471F (244C)Casting temperature range 600625F (316324C)Hardness (HB):As cast 23Cold-rolled sheet 1
30、3Annealed sheet 18Tensile strength, psi (MPa):Chill cast 9800 (67.6)Cold-rolled sheet 7600 (52.4)Annealed sheet 8600 (59.3)TABLE 2 Available Nominal Sizes and Mass of Pewter Metal SheetsGage 20 19 18 17 16 15 14Thickness:in. 0.031 0.035 0.040 0.045 0.050 0.057 0.064mm 0.79 0.89 1.02 1.14 1.27 1.45 1
31、.63Mass:oz/ft219.0 22.0 25.0 28.1 31.3 35.9 40.6kg/m25.8 6.7 7.6 8.6 9.5 10.9 12.4CirclesGage 20 19 18 17 16 15 14Diameter Nominal Massin. mm oz g oz g oz g oz g oz g oz g oz g2 5.1 0.33 8.5 0.40 11.3 0.50 14.2 0.60 17.0 0.66 18.7 0.75 21.2 0.80 22.73 7.6 1.00 28.4 1.10 31.2 1.25 35.4 1.40 39.7 1.50
32、 42.5 1.75 49.6 2.00 56.74 10.2 1.75 49.6 2.00 56.7 2.25 64.2 2.50 74.9 2.88 81.7 3.20 90.7 3.67 1045 12.7 2.67 75.7 3.00 85.1 3.50 99.2 4.00 113 4.33 123 5.00 142 5.67 1616 15.2 3.67 104 4.20 119 4.75 135 5.33 151 6.00 170 6.80 193 7.75 2207 17.8 5.13 144 6.00 170 6.75 191 7.60 216 8.50 241 9.67 27
33、4 11.00 3128 20.3 6.67 189 7.75 220 8.75 248 9.88 280 11.00 312 12.50 354 14.25 4049 22.9 8.50 241 10.00 284 11.25 319 12.67 359 14.00 397 16.13 457 18.25 51510 25.4 10.25 291 11.88 337 13.50 383 15.13 429 16.88 479 19.33 479 22.00 62411 28.0 12.50 354 14.50 411 16.50 468 18.50 525 20.67 586 23.67 6
34、71 26.88 76212 30.5 15.00 425 17.25 489 19.67 558 22.00 624 24.50 695 28.13 797 31.88 90413 33.0 17.50 496 20.25 574 23.00 652 25.88 734 28.75 815 33.00 936 37.33 106814 35.6 20.33 576 23.50 666 26.75 758 30.00 851 33.50 950 38.33 1087 43.50 123315 38.1 23.33 661 27.00 766 30.75 872 34.50 978 38.50
35、1091 44.13 1251 50.00 141816 40.6 26.67 756 30.88 886 35.00 992 39.33 1115 43.75 1240 50.20 1424 56.88 161317 43.2 29.88 847 34.50 978 39.25 1113 44.13 1261 49.00 1389 56.30 1596 63.75 180718 45.7 33.67 955 39.00 1106 44.25 1255 49.75 1410 55.33 1569 63.50 1801 72.00 204119 48.3 37.40 1060 43.33 122
36、8 49.25 1396 55.40 1571 61.50 1743 70.67 2003 80.00 226820 50.8 41.50 1177 48.00 1361 54.50 1545 61.33 1739 68.13 1931 78.25 2218 88.50 2509B560 00 (2014)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.
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38、very five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible tec
39、hnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
40、cken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 00 (2014)4
