1、Designation: B790/B790M 11Standard Practice forStructural Design of Corrugated Aluminum Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches for Culverts, Storm Sewers, and OtherBuried Conduits1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B790/B790M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the ye
2、arof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice is intended for the structural design o
3、fcorrugated aluminum pipe and pipe-arches, and aluminumstructural plate pipe, pipe-arches, and arches for use as culvertsand storm sewers and other buried conduits. This practice is forpipe installed in a trench or embankment and subjected tohighway, railroad, and aircraft loadings. It must be recog
4、nizedthat a buried corrugated aluminum pipe is a composite struc-ture made up of the aluminum ring and the soil envelope, andboth elements play a vital part in the structural design of thistype of structure.1.2 Corrugated aluminum pipe and pipe-arches shall be ofannular fabrication using riveted sea
5、ms, or of helical fabrica-tion having a continuous lockseam.1.3 Structural plate pipe, pipe-arches, and arches are fabri-cated in separate plates that when assembled at the job site bybolting form the required shape.1.4 This specification is applicable to design in inch-poundunits as Specification B
6、790 or in SI units as SpecificationB790M. Inch-pound units and SI units are not necessarilyequivalent. SI units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity,but they are the applicable values when the design is done inaccordance with Specification B790M.1.5 This standard does not purport to address
7、 all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B745/B745M Specif
8、ication for Corrugated Aluminum Pipefor Sewers and DrainsB746/B746M Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Al-loy Structural Plate for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches,and ArchesB788/B788M Practice for Installing Factory-Made Corru-gated Aluminum Culverts and Storm Sewer PipeB789/B789M Practice for Ins
9、talling Corrugated AluminumStructural Plate Pipe for Culverts and SewersD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by Sand-Cone MethodD2167 Test Method for Dens
10、ity and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by the Rubber Balloon MethodD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by theDrive-Cylinder MethodD6938 Test Method for In-Place Density and Water Contentof
11、Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (ShallowDepth)2.2 FAA Standards:3AC No. 150/5320-5B, Advisory Circular, “Airport Drain-age,” Department of Transportation, Federal AviationAdministration, Publication No. SN-050-007-00149-5,19702.3 AASHTO Standards:4LRFD Bridge Design SpecificationsLRFD Bri
12、dge Construction Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 arch, na pipe shape that is supported on footingsand does not have a full metal invert.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloys and is the direct resp
13、onsibility of Subcommittee B07.08 onCorrugated Aluminum Pipe and Corrugated Aluminum Structural Plate.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B79000 (2006). DOI:10.1520/B0790_B0790M-11.2For referenced ASTM
14、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 7
15、00 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.4Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
16、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.2 bedding, nthe earth or other material on which thepipe is laid consist of a thin layer of important material on topof the in-situ foundation.3.1.3 haunch, nthe portion of the pipe cross sectionbetween the maximum horizon
17、tal dimension and the top of thebedding.3.1.4 invert, nthe lowest portion of the pipe cross section;also, the bottom portion of the pipe.3.1.5 pipe, na conduit having a full circular shape or, in ageneral contex, all structure shapes covered by this practice.3.1.6 pipe-arch, na pipe shape consisting
18、 of an approxi-mate semicircular top portion, small radius corners, and largeradius invert.4. Symbols4.1 The symbols used in this practice have the followingsignificance:A = required wall area, in.2/ft mm2/mm,AL = maximum highway design axle load, lbf N,d = depth of corrugation, in. mm,E = modulus o
19、f elasticity, 10 3 106lbf/in.269 3 103MPa,EL = earth load, lbf/ft2kPa,fc = critical buckling stress, lbf/in.2MPa,FF = flexibility factor, in./lbf mm/N,fu = specified minimum tensile strength,= 31 000 lbf/in.2215 MPa for corrugated alu-minum pipe per B745/B745M using Alclad Alloy3004H34,= 27 000 lbf/
20、in.2185 MPa for corrugated alu-minum pipe per B745/B745M using Alclad Alloy3004H32,= 35 000 lbf/in.2245 MPa for 0.100 through0.150 inch 2.52 through 3.81 mm thick alumi-num structural plate per B746/B746M,= 34 000 lbf/in.2235 MPa for 0.175 through0.250 inch 4.44 through 6.35 mm thick alumi-num struc
21、tural plate per B746/B746M,fy = specified minimum yield strength,= 20 000 lbf/in.2140 MPa for corrugated alu-minum pipe per B745/B745M using Alclad Alloy3004H32,= 24 000 lbf/in.2165 MPa for all other corru-gated aluminum pipe and structural plate perB745/B745M and B746/B746M,H = depth of fill above
22、top of pipe, ft m,Hmax= maximum depth of fill, ft m,Hmin= minimum depth of fill, ft m,I = moment of inertia of corrugation, in.4/in. mm4/mm, see Tables 1-7),IL = impact load, lbf/ft2kPa,k = soil stiffness factor0.22 for good sidefill mate-rial compacted to 90 % of standard density basedon Test Metho
23、d D698,LL = live load, lbf/ft2kPa,P = total design load or pressure, lbf/ft2kPa,Pf= Factored crown pressure, lbf/ft2kPa,r = radius of gyration of corrugation, in. mm, seeTables 1-7,rc= corner radius of pipe-arch, ft mm,Rf= Factored resistance for each limit state, lbf/ftkN/m,Rn= Nominal resistance f
24、or each limit state, lbf/ftkN/m,s = pipe diameter or span, in. mm,S = pipe diameter or span, ft m,SF = safety factor,SS = required seam strength, lbf/ft kN/m,T = thrust in pipe wall, lbf/ft kN/m, andTf= Factored thrust in pipe wall, lbf/ft kN/m,W = the unit force derived from 1 ft3m3offilmaterial ab
25、ove the pipe, lbf/ft3kN/m3. When theactual fill material is not known, use 120 lbf/ft319 kN/m3,f = Resistance factor.NOTE 1For pipes meeting B745/B745M, both minimum yield andminimum tensile strengths are based on the H-32 temper material.5. Basis of Design5.1 The recommendations presented herein, r
26、epresent gen-erally accepted design practice. The design engineer shall,however, determine that these recommendations meet particu-lar project needs.6. Loads6.1 The design load or pressure on a pipe is comprised ofearth load (EL), live load (LL), and impact load (IL). Theseloads are applied as a flu
27、id pressure acting on the pipeperiphery.6.2 For aluminum pipe buried in a trench or in an embank-ment on a yielding foundation, loads are defined as follows:6.2.1 Earth LoadThe earth load EL is the weight of thecolumn of soil directly above the pipe calculated as:TABLE 1 Sectional Properties of Corr
28、ugated Aluminum Sheetsfor Corrugation: 112 by14 in. 38 by 6.5 mm (Helical)NOTEInch-pound dimensions shown in this figure are exact valuesused in calculating the section properties. Nominal values for some ofthese dimensions are used in other places in this practice.Specified Thick-ness, in. mmArea o
29、f Section A,in.2/ft mm2/mmMoment of Inertia,I 3 103in.4/in.mm4/mmRadius ofGyration,r, in. mm0.048 1.22 0.608 1.287 0.344 5.64 0.0824 2.0930.060 1.52 0.761 1.611 0.439 7.19 0.0832 2.113B790/B790M 112EL 5 HW (1)6.2.2 Live LoadsThe live load LL is that portion of theweight of the vehicle, train, or air
30、craft moving over the pipethat is distributed through the soil to the pipe.6.2.2.1 Live Loads Under HighwaysLive load pressuresfor H20 highway loadings, including impact effects, are asfollows:Height of Cover, ft mm Live Load, lbf/ft2kPa1 300 1800 86.22 600 800 38.33 900 600 28.74 1200 400 19.25 150
31、0 250 12.06 1800 200 9.67 2100 175 8.48 2400 100 4.8over 8 over 2400 neglect neglect6.2.2.2 Live Loads Under RailwaysLive load pressuresfor E80 railway loadings, including impact effects, are asfollows:Height of Cover, ft mm Live Load, lbf/ft2kPa2 600 3800 181.95 1500 2400 114.98 2400 1600 76.610 30
32、00 1100 52.712 3600 800 38.315 4500 600 28.720 6000 300 14.430 9000 100 4.8over 30 over 9000 neglect neglectValues for intermediate covers may be interpolated.6.2.2.3 Live Loads Under Aircraft Runways Because ofthe many different wheel configurations and weights, live loadpressures for aircraft vary
33、. Such pressures must be determinedfor the specific aircraft for which the installation is designed;see the FAA publication “Airport Drainage.”6.2.3 Impact LoadsLoads caused by the impact of mov-ing traffic are important only at low heights of cover. Theireffects have been included in live load pres
34、sures in 6.2.2.7. Design Method7.1 Strength requirements for wall strength, bucklingstrength, and seam strength may be determined by either theallowable stress design (ASD) method presented in Section 8,or the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) methodpresented in Section 9. Additionally, the d
35、esign considerationsin other paragraphs shall be followed for either design method.8. Design by ASD Method8.1 The thrust in the pipe wall shall be checked by threecriteria. Each considers the joint function of the aluminum pipeand the surrounding soil envelope.8.1.1 Required Wall Area:8.1.1.1 Determ
36、ine the design pressure and ring compressionthrust in the aluminum pipe wall as follows:P 5 EL 1 LL 1 IL (2)T 5 PS/2 (3)8.1.1.2 Determine the required wall cross-sectional area.The safety factor SF on the wall area is 2.A 5TSF!fy(4)Select from Tables 1-7 a wall thickness equal to or greaterthan the
37、required wall area A.8.1.2 Critical Buckling StressCheck corrugations with therequired wall area for possible wall buckling. If the criticalbuckling stress fc is less than the minimum yield stress fy,recalculate the required wall area using fc instead of fy.If s ,rk24Efuthen fc 5 fu 2fu248ESksrD2(5)
38、If s .rk24Efuthen fc 512ESksrD2(6)8.1.3 Required Seam Strength:8.1.3.1 Since a helical lockseam pipe has no longitudinalseams, this criterion is not valid for this type of pipe.8.1.3.2 For pipe fabricated with longitudinal seams (riv-eted or bolted) the seam strength shall be sufficient to developth
39、e thrust in the pipe wall. The safety factor SF on seamstrength SS is 3. Determine the required seam strength asfollows:SS 5 TSF! (7)8.1.3.3 Check the ultimate seam strengths shown in Tables3 and 4,orTable 5. If the required seam strength exceeds thatshown for the aluminum thickness already chosen,
40、use aheavier pipe whose seam strength exceeds the required seamstrength.TABLE 2 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Aluminum Sheetsfor Corrugation: 2 by12 in. 51 by 13 mm (Helical)NOTEInch-pound dimensions shown in this figure are exact valuesused in calculating the section properties. Nominal values
41、 for some ofthese dimensions are used in other places in this practice.Specified Thick-ness, in. mmArea of Section A,in.2/ft mm2/mmMoment of Inertia,I 3 103in.4/in.mm4/mmRadius ofGyration,r, in. mm0.048 1.22 0.652 1.380 1.533 25.12 0.1682 4.2720.060 1.52 0.815 1.725 1.942 31.82 0.1690 4.2930.075 1.9
42、1 1.019 2.157 2.458 40.28 0.1700 4.3180.105 2.67 1.428 3.023 3.542 58.04 0.1725 4.382B790/B790M 113TABLE 3 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Aluminum Sheets for Corrugation: 223 by12 in. 68 by 13 mm (Helical or Annular)NOTEInch-pound dimensions shown in this figure are exact values used in calculat
43、ing the section properties. Nominal values for some of thesedimensions are used in other places in this practice.SpecifiedThick-ness, in.mmArea ofSec-tion A,in.2/ftmm2/mmMomentof Inertia,l 3 103in.4/in.mm4/mmRadius ofGyration,r,in.mmUltimate Longitudinal SeamStrength of RivetedCorrugated Aluminum Pi
44、pe,Pounds kN per Foot metre of Seam516-in. 7.94 mm Rivets38-in. 9.53 mm RivetsSingleADoubleBSingleADoubleB0.060 1.52 0.775 1.640 1.892 31.00 0.1712 4.348 9000 131 14 000 204 . .0.075 1.91 0.968 2.049 2.392 39.20 0.1721 4.371 9000 131 18 000 263 . .0.105 2.67 1.356 2.870 3.425 56.13 0.1741 4.422 . .
45、15 600 228 31 500 4600.135 3.43 1.745 3.694 4.533 74.28 0.1766 4.486 . . 16 200 237 33 000 4820.164 4.17 2.130 4.509 5.725 93.82 0.1795 4.559 . . 16 800 245 34 000 496ASingle means one row of rivets, one rivet per corrugation.BDouble means two rows of rivets, one rivet per corrugation per row.TABLE
46、4 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Aluminum Sheets for Corrugation: 3 by 1 in. 75 by 25 mm (Helical or Annular)NOTEInch-pound dimensions shown in this figure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values for some of thesedimensions are used for other places in this pr
47、actice.SpecifiedThickness,in. mmArea ofSection A,in.2/ft mm2/mmMoment ofInertia, l 3 103,in.4/in. mm4/mmRadius ofGyration, r,in. mmUltimate Longitudinal SeamStrength of RivetedCorrugated Aluminum Pipe,Pounds kN per Foot metre of Seam38-in. 9.53 mmRivets12-in. 12.70 mmRivetsDoubleADoubleA0.060 1.52 0
48、.890 1.884 8.659 141.90 0.3417 8.679 16 500 241 .0.075 1.91 1.118 2.366 10.883 178.34 0.3427 8.705 20 500 299 .0.105 2.67 1.560 3.302 15.459 253.33 0.3448 8.758 . 28 000 4090.135 3.43 2.008 4.250 20.183 331.74 0.3472 8.819 . 42 000 6130.164 4.17 2.458 5.203 25.091 411.17 0.3499 8.887 . 54 500 795ADouble means two rows of rivets, one rivet per corrugation per row.B790/B790M 114TABLE 5 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Aluminum Plates for Corrugation: 9 by 212 in. 230 by 64 mm
