ASTM B962-2014 Standard Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy &40 PM&41 Products Using Archimedes&rsquo Principle《使用阿基米德原理对压实或者烧结粉末冶金 (PM) 产品的密度的标准试验方.pdf
《ASTM B962-2014 Standard Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy &40 PM&41 Products Using Archimedes&rsquo Principle《使用阿基米德原理对压实或者烧结粉末冶金 (PM) 产品的密度的标准试验方.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM B962-2014 Standard Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy &40 PM&41 Products Using Archimedes&rsquo Principle《使用阿基米德原理对压实或者烧结粉末冶金 (PM) 产品的密度的标准试验方.pdf(8页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: B962 13B962 14Standard Test Methods forDensity of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM)Products Using Archimedes Principle1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B962; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 T
3、his standard describes a method for measuring the density of powder metallurgy products that usually havesurface-connected porosity.1.2 The density of impermeable PM materials, those materials that do not gain mass when immersed in water, may bedetermined using Test Method B311.1.3 The current metho
4、d is applicable to green compacts, sintered parts, and green and sintered test specimens.1.4 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubiccentimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the v
5、alues in inch-pound units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and arenot considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with it
6、s use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB311 Test Method for Density of Powde
7、r Metallurgy (PM) Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy (PM) terms can be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive material isavailable in the Related Material section of Vol. 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.3.2 Defi
8、nitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 green density (Dg)the mass per unit volume of an unsintered PM part or test specimen.3.2.2 impregnated density (Di)the mass per unit volume of a sintered PM part or test specimen, impregnated with oil.3.2.3 sintered density (Ds)the mass per unit volum
9、e of a sintered, non oil-impregnated PM part or test specimen.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test specimen is first weighed in air. It is then oil impregnated or some other treatment is used to seal thesurface-connected porosity and the specimen is reweighed. The test specimen is then weighed when
10、 immersed in water and itsdensity calculated based on Archimedes principle.1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB09.04 on Bearings.Current edition approved April 1, 2013Sept.
11、1, 2014. Published June 2013September 2014. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 asB962 08.13. DOI: 10.1520/B0962-13.10.1520/B0962-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
12、 Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be te
13、chnically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of th
14、is standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 The volume of a complex shaped PM part cannot be measured accurately using micrometers or calipers. Since density ismass per unit volume, a precise
15、method for measuring the volume is needed. Archimedes principle may be used to calculate thevolume of water displaced by an immersed object. For this to be applicable to PM materials that contain surface connectedporosity, the surface pores are sealed by oil impregnation or some other means.5.2 The
16、green density of compacted parts or test pieces is normally determined to assist during press set-up, or for qualitycontrol purposes. It is also used for determining the compressibility of base powders, mixed powders, and premixes.5.3 The sintered density of sintered PM parts and sintered PM test sp
17、ecimens is used as a quality control measure.5.4 The impregnated density of sintered bearings is normally measured for quality control purposes as bearings are generallysupplied and used oil-impregnated.6. Interferences6.1 A gain in mass when a test specimen is immersed in water is an indication tha
18、t the specimen contains surface-connectedporosity. Unsealed surface porosity will absorb water and cause the calculated density values to be higher than the true value.6.2 Test specimens that contain surface-connected porosity shall be oil impregnated or have the surface-connected porositysealed by
19、some other means prior to their immersion in water.7. Apparatus7.1 Analytical BalancePrecision single-pan balance that will permit readings within 0.01% of the test specimen mass. SeeTable 1.7.2 Water ContainerA glass beaker or other suitable transparent container should be used to contain the water
20、.NOTE 1A transparent container makes it easier to see air bubbles adhering to the test specimen and specimen support when immersed in water.NOTE 2For the most precise density determination, the water container should be of a size that the level of the water does not rise more than 0.10in. (2.5 mm) w
21、hen the test specimen is lowered into the water.7.3 WaterDistilled or deionized water to which 0.05 to 0.1 volume percent of a wetting agent has been added to reduce theeffects of surface tension.NOTE 3Degassing the water by evacuation, boiling, or ultrasonic agitation helps to prevent air bubbles f
22、rom collecting on the test specimen andsupport when immersed in water.7.4 Test Specimen Support for Weighing in WaterTwo typical arrangements are shown in Fig. 1. The suspension wire may betwisted around the test specimen or the test specimen may be supported in a wire basket that is attached to the
23、 suspension wire.For either arrangement, a single corrosion-resistant wirefor example, austenitic stainless steel, copper, or nichromeshall beused for the basket and suspension wire. The maximum recommended diameter of suspension wire to be used for various massranges is summarized in Table 2.NOTE 4
24、For the most precise density determinations, it is important that the mass and volume of all supporting wires immersed in water be minimized.7.5 Oil for Oil-ImpregnationOil with a viscosity of 20 to 65 cSt or 100 to 300 SSU (20 10-6 to 65 10-6 m2/s) at100 F (38 C) has been found to be suitable.7.5.1
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