1、Designation: B977 11Standard Specification forTitanium and Titanium Ingots1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、 indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers titanium and titanium alloyingots as follows:1.1.1 Grade 1Unalloyed titanium,1.1.2 Grade 2Unalloyed titanium,1.1.3 Grade 3Unalloye
3、d titanium,1.1.4 Grade 4Unalloyed titanium,1.1.5 Grade 5Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vana-dium),1.1.6 Grade 6Titanium alloy (5 % aluminum, 2.5 % tin),1.1.7 Grade 7Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium,1.1.8 Grade 9Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % va-nadium),1.1.9 Grade 11Unalloyed
4、titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium,1.1.10 Grade 12Titanium alloy (0.3 % molybdenum,0.8 % nickel),1.1.11 Grade 13Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.12 Grade 14Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.13 Grade 15Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.14 Grade 1
5、6Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 %palladium,1.1.15 Grade 17Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 %palladium,1.1.16 Grade 18Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,1.1.17 Grade 19Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 %vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 % molybde
6、num),1.1.18 Grade 20Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 %vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 % molybdenum)plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,1.1.19 Grade 21Titanium alloy (15 % molybdenum, 3 %aluminum, 2.7 % niobium, 0.25 % silicon),1.1.20 Grade 23Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %vanadium with extra low
7、 interstitials, ELI),1.1.21 Grade 24Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %vanadium) plus 0.4 to 0.8 % palladium,1.1.22 Grade 25Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %vanadium) plus 0.3 to 0.8 % nickel and 0.04 to 0.08 %palladium,1.1.23 Grade 26Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 %ruthenium,1.1.24 Grade 27Unal
8、loyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 %ruthenium,1.1.25 Grade 28Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium) plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,1.1.26 Grade 29Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %vanadium, extra low interstitial elements, ELI) plus 0.08 to0.14 % ruthenium,1.1.27 Grade 30Titanium alloy (0.3 % coba
9、lt, 0.05 %palladium),1.1.28 Grade 31Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 %palladium),1.1.29 Grade 32Titanium alloy (5 % aluminum, 1 % tin,1 % zirconium, 1 % vanadium, 0.8 % molybdenum),1.1.30 Grade 33Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 %palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),1.1.31 Grade 34Tit
10、anium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 %palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),1.1.32 Grade 35Titanium alloy (4.5 % aluminum, 2 %molybdenum, 1.6 % vanadium, 0.5 % iron, 0.3 % silicon),1.1.33 Grade 36Titanium alloy (45 % niobium),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 o
11、nReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.01 on Titanium.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 2011. DOI:10.1520/B097711.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United
12、States.1.1.34 Grade 37Titanium alloy (1.5 % aluminum), and1.1.35 Grade 38Titanium alloy (4 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium, 1.5 % iron).1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; there
13、fore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 The following caveat pertains only to the test methodportions of this specification: This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns,
14、 if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in T
15、est Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying ObservationsE539 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium Alloys byX-Ray Fluorescence SpectrometryE1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen andNitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert GasFusion T
16、echniqueE1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen inTitanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion Ther-mal Conductivity/Infrared Detection MethodE1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refrac-tory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by CombustionAnalysisE2371 Test Method for Analy
17、sis of Titanium and TitaniumAlloys by Atomic Emission Plasma SpectrometryE2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive andRefractory Metals3. Terminology3.1 Lot Definitions:3.2 ingot, na quantity of metal cast into a shape suitablefor subsequent processing to various mill products.4. Ordering I
18、nformation4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information as required to describe adequatelythe desired material:4.1.1 Grade number (1.1),4.1.2 Nominal weight in the unit system regarded as stan-dard (inch-pound or SI),4.1.3 Nominal size (width and gauge or di
19、ameter, length) inthe unit system regarded as standard (inch-pound or SI),4.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue.4.2 Orders for material under this specification may include(at the discretion of the purchaser) the following additionalinformation:4.2.1 Method of manufacture (5.1),4.2.2 Surface cond
20、ition (7.1 and 7.2),4.2.3 Product analysis (6.2),4.2.4 Additional chemical analysis (6.1.3),4.2.5 Requirements for purchaser inspection/witness (11.1),and4.2.6 Packaging (Section 15).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials covered by this specification are produced byone of the following methods:5
21、.1.1 double vacuum arc melting,5.1.2 triple vacuum arc melting,5.1.3 electron beam cold hearth melting followed byvacuum arc melting,5.1.4 plasma arc cold hearth melting followed by vacuumarc melting,5.1.5 electron beam cold hearth melting,5.1.6 plasma arc cold hearth melting or5.1.7 other melting p
22、rocess as agreed upon by the purchaserand producer.5.2 The melting method used to produce the ingot shall bereported to the purchaser on the certification.5.3 The melting method shall be at the discretion of theproducer, unless specified in the purchase order.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The chemistry
23、 of titanium and titanium alloy ingotcovered by this specification shall conform to the requirementsfor the specified grade as prescribed in Table 1.6.1.1 The elements listed for each grade in Table 1 areintentional alloy additions or elements that are inherent to themanufacture of titanium sponge o
24、r ingot.6.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt, includingadditions made via revert additions, must be identified, ana-lyzed and reported in the chemical analysis. Elements not listedin Table 1 for the specified grade shall not be required.6.1.3 When agreed upon by the producer and purchaser
25、andrequested by the purchaser in the written purchase order,chemical analysis shall be completed for specific elements notlisted in this specification.6.2 The chemical analysis shall normally be conductedusing theASTM standard test methods referenced in 2.1. Otherindustry standard methods may be use
26、d where the ASTM testmethods in 2.1 do not adequately cover the elements in thematerial or by other methods acceptable to the purchaser.Alternate techniques are discussed in Guide E2626.6.3 Product Check AnalysisProduct check analysis is ananalysis made by or for the purchaser for the purpose ofveri
27、fying the composition of the ingot. The check analysistolerances reflect the variation between laboratories in themeasurement of chemical composition. The permissible varia-tion in the product check analysis from the specified range is asprescribed in Table 2.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit th
28、e ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.B977 112TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsChemical Composition (Weight %)A,B,C,DGradeCmaxOrange ormaxNmaxH
29、maxEFerange ormaxAl V Pd Ru Ni Mo Cr Co Zr Nb Sn SiOtherElementsmax, eachOtherElementsmax, total1 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.003 0.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.42 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.43 0.08 0.35 0.05 0.003 0.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.44 0.08 0.40 0.05 0.003 0.50
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.45 0.08 0.20 0.05 0.003 0.40 5.5-6.75 3.5-4.5 . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.46 0.08 0.20 0.03 0.003 0.50 4.0-6.0 . . . . . . . . . 2.0-3.0 . 0.1 0.47 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . 0.12-0.25 . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.49 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.003 0.25 2.5-3.5 2.0-3.0 . . . . . . .
31、. . . 0.1 0.411 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.003 0.20 . . 0.12-0.25 . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.412 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . . . 0.6-0.9 0.2-0.4 . . . . . . 0.1 0.413 0.08 0.10 0.03 0.003 0.20 . . . 0.04-0.06 0.4-0.6 . . . . . . . 0.1 0.414 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . . 0.04-0.06 0.4-0.6 . . . . . . . 0.1 0.
32、415 0.08 0.25 0.05 0.003 0.30 . . . 0.04-0.06 0.4-0.6 . . . . . . . 0.1 0.416 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . 0.04-0.08 . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.417 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.003 0.20 . . 0.04-0.08 . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.418 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.003 0.25 2.5-3.5 2.0-3.0 0.04-0.08 . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.419 0.05 0
33、.12 0.03 0.003 0.30 3.0-4.0 7.5-8.5 . . . 3.5-4.5 5.5-6.5 . 3.5-4.5 . . . 0.15 0.420 0.05 0.12 0.03 0.003 0.30 3.0-4.0 7.5-8.5 0.04-0.08 . . 3.5-4.5 5.5-6.5 . 3.5-4.5 . . . 0.15 0.421 0.05 0.17 0.03 0.003 0.40 2.5-3.5 . . . . 14.0-16.0 . . . 2.2-3.2 . 0.15-0.25 0.1 0.423 0.08 0.13 0.03 0.003 0.25 5.
34、5-6.5 3.5-4.5 . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.424 0.08 0.20 0.05 0.003 0.40 5.5-6.75 3.5-4.5 0.04-0.08 . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.425 0.08 0.20 0.05 0.003 0.40 5.5-6.75 3.5-4.5 0.04-0.08 . 0.3-0.8 . . . . . . . 0.1 0.426 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . . 0.08-0.14 . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.427 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.003
35、 0.20 . . . 0.08-0.14 . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.428 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.003 0.25 2.5-3.5 2.0-3.0 . 0.08-0.14 . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.429 0.08 0.13 0.03 0.003 0.25 5.5-6.5 3.5-4.5 . 0.08-0.14 . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.430 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . 0.04-0.08 . . . . 0.20-0.80 . . . . 0.1 0.431 0.08 0.35 0.05 0
36、.003 0.30 . . 0.04-0.08 . . . . 0.20-0.80 . . . . 0.1 0.432 0.08 0.11 0.03 0.003 0.25 4.5-5.5 0.6-1.4 . . . 0.6-1.2 . . 0.6-1.4 . 0.6-1.4 0.06-0.14 0.1 0.433 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . 0.01-0.02 0.02-0.04 0.35-0.55 . 0.1-0.2 . . . . . 0.1 0.434 0.08 0.35 0.05 0.003 0.30 . . 0.01-0.02 0.02-0.04 0.
37、35-0.55 . 0.1-0.2 . . . . . 0.1 0.435 0.08 0.25 0.05 0.003 0.20-0.80 4.0-5.0 1.1-2.1 . . . 1.5-2.5 . . . . . 0.20-0.40 0.1 0.436 0.04 0.16 0.03 0.001 0.03 . . . . . . . . . 42.0-47.0 . . 0.1 0.437 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 1.0-2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.438 0.08 0.20-0.30 0.03 0.003 1.2-1.8 3.5
38、-4.5 2.0-3.0 . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4AAt minimum, the analysis of samples from the top and bottom of the ingot shall be completed and reported for all elements listed for the respective grade in this table.BThe percentage of titanium is determined by difference.COther elements need not be reporte
39、d unless the concentration level is greater than 0.1 % each, or 0.4 % total. Other elements may not be added intentionally. Other elements may be present in titanium or titaniumalloys in small quantities and are inherent to the manufacturing process but not added intentionally. In titanium, these el
40、ements typically include aluminum, vanadium, tin, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium,hafnium, bismuth, ruthenium, palladium, yttrium, copper, silicon, cobalt, tantalum, nickel, boron, manganese, and tungsten.DThe purchaser may, in the written purchase order, request analysis for specific eleme
41、nts not listed in this specification.ELower hydrogen may be obtained by negotiation with the manufacturer.B9771137. Condition7.1 Surface FinishThe surface finish shall be at thediscretion of the producer, unless specified in the purchaseorder.7.2 When specified, the ingots shall be conditioned on th
42、esurface to standards agreed upon between the manufacturer andthe purchaser.7.3 Titanium and titanium alloy ingots shall be free ofimperfections that would be deemed injurious by the standardsof acceptability agreed upon between the purchaser and themanufacturer.7.3.1 The manufacturer shall be permi
43、tted to remove minorsurface imperfections. Surface imperfections may be removedup to 1 in. (25 mm) deep from the ingot surface.Areas adjacentto the imperfection shall be blended smoothly into the ingotsurface at a slope not less than 3:1.8. Retest8.1 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious contam
44、ina-tion, improper preparation, or flaws disqualifying it as arepresentative sample, it shall be discarded and a new sampleor specimen substituted.8.2 If the results of any test are not in conformance with therequirements of this specification, the original sample from theingot may be retested or th
45、e ingot may be re-sampled andtested.8.2.1 If the original ingot sample is retested, the frequencyof the retest will be at least double the initial number of tests.The retests will be compared to the original value to determineif the original value is an outlier in accordance with PracticeE178. If it
46、 is an outlier the retest values will be averaged andthe averaged retest values reported. If it is not an outlier all thevalues will be averaged and the averages of all of the testsbecome the test value reported. If the averaged value reportedconforms to the specification, then they become the test
47、valuesfor certification.8.2.2 The manufacturer may resample the ingot at thenon-conforming location(s) in a different area at the same axiallocation. The frequency of the resample will be at least doublethe initial number of tests. If the results of the resampleconform to the specification, then the
48、 resample values becomethe test values for certification.8.3 The manufacturer may scalp or crop the ingot to removenonconforming material then sample the remaining ingotposition(s). The ingot shall be acceptable if all results of thetests on the ingot conform to this specification.9. Sampling9.1 Sam
49、ples for chemical analyses shall be representative ofthe material being tested. The utmost care must be used insampling titanium for chemical analysis because of its greataffinity for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.Therefore in cutting samples for analysis, the operation shouldbe carried out insofar as possible in a dust-free atmosphere.Chips should be collected from clean metal and tools should beclean and sharp. Samples for analysis should be stored insuitable containers.9.2 The ingot shall be sampled at a minimum of twolocati
