1、Designation: C 1146 09Standard Guide forPrefabricated Panel and Hbar Insulation Systems forVessels, Ducts and Equipment Operating at TemperaturesAbove Ambient Air1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes design, fabrication, shipping, han-dling, job
3、site storage, and installation of prefabricated paneland H-Bar insulation systems for vessels, ducts, and equipmentoperating at temperatures above ambient. Typical applicationsinclude, but are not limited to, air and gas ducts, steamgenerating units, air quality control systems, fans, storagetanks,
4、process vessels, and coke drums1.2 The insulation described herein is limited to systemsconsisting of insulating units specially designed to fit thesurfaces to be insulated, and engineered for the service andenvironmental requirements. The insulation unit may alsoinclude special design features whic
5、h facilitate the removal andreplacement for maintenance and inspection.1.3 When prefabricated panels are used, each insulation unitfactory preassembled and typically comprised of the insulation,an outer lagging to which the insulation is attached, an innerretaining wire mesh, optional foil lining, a
6、nd means formechanically securing multiple units together in an assembly.1.4 H-bar systems represent insulation units that are typi-cally comprised of the insulation, outer lagging and a uniquelyconfigured subgirt design which both supports the insulationand provides a means for mechanically securin
7、g multiple unitstogether in an assembly. The design of the subgirt creates an“H” configuration which is fabricated from light gauge sheetmetal. The subgirt components consist of: (1) a “J-bar” shapewhich frames the perimeter edges of the surface to be insu-lated, holds the insulation in place along
8、the outer edge andprovides a screen attachment point for the outer lagging; (2) the“H-bar” shape is placed at defined intervals. The web section ofthe “H-bar” supports the insulation while the exterior flangeallows for the outer lagging to be attached with threadedfasteners.1.5 The values stated in
9、inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It i
10、s theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1When prefabricated panel or H-Bar insulation systems arespecified, Test Methods C 167, C 177 and C 1061, Material Speci
11、ficationsA 36/A 36M, A 463/A 463M, B 209, C 612, and Terminology C 168should be considered.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA 463/A 463M Specification for Steel Sheet, Aluminum-Coated, by the Hot-Dip ProcessB 209 Specification for Aluminu
12、m and Aluminum-AlloySheet and PlateC 167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanketor Batt Thermal InsulationsC 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparat
13、usC 612 Specification for Mineral Fiber Block and BoardThermal InsulationC 1061 Test Method for Thermal Transmission Propertiesof Non-Homogeneous Insulation Panels Installed Verti-cally33. Terminology3.1 Terminology C 168 shall be considered as applying tothe terms in this specification.1This guide
14、is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 on InsulationSystems.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 1146 03.2For referen
15、ced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is refe
16、rencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 convection barrier (flue stop)barriers to internal airflow sometimes refered to as “chimney effect”) which
17、 areplaced between the inner liner and the hot surface beinginsulated. The barriers are generally a combination of sheetmetal and with the insulation material mechanically attached.Convection barriers are required when the insulation is not indirect contact with the plate surface and only on vertica
18、l andsloping surfaces of less than 45 incline.3.2.2 flashingsheet metal of the same material as thelagging, used to cover openings in the insulation typicallyoccurring at locations, such as corners, penetrations framing ofdoors and closures. Flashing may be fixed (permanent) orremovable to allow for
19、 inspection and maintenance, that is,expansion joints.3.2.3 inner linerthe innermost surface or cover of theprefabricated panel (closest to the hot surface) composed ofreflective aluminum foil and wire mesh.3.2.4 insulationessentially homogenous insulation, gener-ally in semi-rigid board from and, i
20、n which relevant propertiesare not a function of position within the material itself, but maybe a function of such variables as time and temperature.3.2.5 laggingthe outermost cover or sheet of the prefab-ricated panel or Hbar system (farthest from the hot surface),which performs a structural functi
21、on as well as providesprotection from weather and mechanical abuse. The lagging isgenerally fabricated from corrugated, ribbed, or flat sheet;smooth or stucco-embossed; mill finish or painted; clad ornon-clad.3.2.6 penetrationsopenings through a unit of insulationfrom the hot plate surface through t
22、o the exterior cold surface.Penetrations such as test ports should be covered with remov-able insulation assemblies. The insulation thickness should beequal to the surface being insulated.3.2.7 retaining devices3.2.7.1 prefabricated panelsmetallic members passingthrough the insulation between the ho
23、t surface and the coldsurface. Generally, these include: pins, prongs, or other accept-able means used and secured with washers and speed clips tohold the assembly together.3.2.7.2 H-bar systemsH-bar systems includes retainingdevices such as a backing strap or expanded metal between theH-bar. These
24、devices are placed midway between the insula-tion boards and provide support on wall applications. On top ofsurfaces, the H-bar retaining device may be either expandedmetal or a corrugated inner-liner to hold the insulation in theH-bar track3.2.9 support member (subgrit)straps, bars, or anglesattach
25、ed to the plate surface or external casing stiffeners beinginsulated and to which the insulation units are attached.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this guide is to ensure that a functionalsystem will result when considering the use of prefabricatedpanel or H-bar insulation systems. Both s
26、ystems require avarying degree of pre-engineering and prefabrication so thatthe insulation will produce the specified thermal, mechanicaland environmental design requirements Both the prefabricatedpanels and H-bar systems which can also be used in combina-tion with each other are to be designed to:4
27、.1.1 Limit loss of heat from insulated surface.4.1.2 Limit exposed surface temperatures for burn protec-tion of personnel.4.1.3 Maintain optimum temperatures of the insulatedequipment at or above a specified minimum value required forthe proper operation of the equipment.4.1.4 Produce a system or as
28、sembly that is designed toprovide allowance for thermal expansion; is structurally ad-equate; is of a weathertight construction; and incorporatesdesign features that promote efficient removal for inspection,repair and maintenance where required.5. Panel Design Specifications for Prefabricated Panela
29、nd H-bar Systems5.1 General:5.1.1 The purchase specification should clearly indicate thesurfaces to be insulated. Either insulation type and thickness oraverage heat loss requirements shall be part of the specifica-tion.5.1.2 The purchase specification should clearly indicate theoperating temperatur
30、e of the item to be insulated. When up-setor worst-case temperature conditions are to be considered, themaximum temperature excursion and time duration should bestated.5.1.3 Heat loss through uninsulated surfaces, or increasedheat loss that results when it is necessary to reduce insulationthickness
31、to accommodate localized interferences with equip-ment, supports, hangers, etc., should be considered in theoverall insulation design.5.1.4 Conduction paths which produce high heat on exteriorlagging or “cold spots” on plate interior and are attributed tothe insulation subgrit design should be minim
32、ized. The use of“through-fasteners” or bolts where protruding heads can occurshould be kept to a minimum. There should be no “rattling” or“free-play” of the exterior lagging.5.1.5 Convection barriers (flue stops) are typically installedat 12 to 15 ft (3657 to 4572 mm) vertical centers as well as toc
33、lose off the corners of plate surfaces. The materials generallyconsist of sheet metal welded to plate surfaces and coveredwith insulation of the same thickness that is used to insulate theexterior envelope. The insulation is secured to the metalconvection barrier through use of pins and washers. Whe
34、ninstalled, the insulated convection barrier should produce atight fit all around; including into the web of intersectingstructural stiffeners; in order to minimize internal heat paths.5.1.6 All components of the insulation units, as physicalstructures, must be capable of withstanding the temperatur
35、esand environmental design conditions to which they will besubjected without mechanical or structural failure or detrimen-tal changes in physical properties.5.1.7 When subjected to maximum service temperature andoperating conditions insulation units should not warp, deform,shrink, or shift so as to
36、affect their performance. The materialsshould perform their functions for the specified service life andbe compatible with the specified environmental conditions.5.1.8 Since permanent deformation of the insulation cancause loss of efficiency, the design specification should defineC1146092the insulat
37、ed areas required to have reinforced lagging con-struction. Example: Roof design to accommodate a “walkload” or “foot traffic.”5.1.9 Insulation units should be provided with overlappingjoints or other suitable means to form a natural watershed andpreclude siphoning of water and air infiltration thro
38、ugh openareas.5.1.10 Insulation units, assemblies and flashing arrange-ments of units should be equipped with overlapping slip jointsor other suitable means to provide for the differential move-ment between the hot surface insulated and the insulation,since the temperature of the outer lagging and f
39、lasshing will belower than that of the hot surface.5.1.11 The insulation system is engineered and prefabri-cated to fit the purchasers equipment, therefore, it is theresponsibility of the purchaser to supply drawings, specifica-tions, and pertinent operation data to the system manufacturerand instal
40、ling contractor for the equipment to be properlyinsulated.5.1.12 Purchase specification should make provisions topreclude galvanic action between dissimilar metals. Likewisethe specification should note where any field welding to exoticalloys or lined surface is not allowed or require that specialwe
41、lding procedures be followed.5.2 Thermal:5.2.1 When maximum heat loss is specified by the pur-chaser, the purchase specification should clearly indicate theoperating parameters where the average heat loss through aunit of area of the insulation is permissible. This thermalperformance should be refer
42、enced to the area of the hot surfacebeing insulated unless otherwise specified. Consideration forabove average heat loss occurring through insulation joints,attachment to subgirt or high heat loss through protrusionsneed to be factored into the overall insulation design thickness.5.2.2 When maximum
43、temperature of exterior lagging forpersonnel protection is specified by the purchaser, the averagemean air temperature and minimum wind velocity should alsobe supplied. Emissivity value of lagging should be stated alongwith relevant information pertaining to average-mean environ-mental conditions.5.
44、2.3 If personnel exposure to high surface temperature isconsidered to be a danger in limited areas, those areas shouldbe explicitly identified and one or more of the followingalternatives will be required.5.2.3.1 External guarding, barricades,5.2.3.2 Additional, thickness or high-efficiency insulati
45、on5.2.3.3 High emittance outer lagging, or5.2.3.4 Other acceptable techniques agreed to between thepurchaser and the installer.6. Shipping, Storage, and Handling of PrefabricatedPanel and H-bar Systems6.1 All insulation materials, whether prefabricated panel orH-bar system, should be packaged, shipp
46、ed, stored, andhandled in a manner that will result in their remaining in thesame condition as they left the manufacturer.6.2 Shipping containers should be weather-resistant, sturdyand wrapped with a protective covering to limit entrance ofcontaminants and damage to the insulation and “water-stainin
47、g” of lagging during shipment and storage.6.3 Shipping containers should be identified with the pur-chase order number, the material identification number, specialshipping and handling instruction (this side up, stackinglimitations), and special instructions (storage, unpacking re-strictions, etc.,
48、as appropriate).6.4 Shipping containers should be arranged in such amanner that identification markings on the outside are clearlyvisible from adjacent sides and using indelible markings.6.5 Insulation should be stored and protected in its “asshipped” condition in the shipping containers to preserve
49、 itsshop cleanliness level until it is ready to be installed.6.6 Containers in storage should be sufficiently elevatedabove ground level to prevent surface water and drainagedamage. Protective coverings should not be the type to incurUV degration when exposed to sunlite for extended periods oftime6.7 Periodic storage inspection should be conducted untilthe insulation is removed for installation. The frequency of theinspections should be governed by the results of previousinspection and on-site storage conditions.7. Panel Installation Procedure7.1 Since prefabricated pan
