1、Designation: C1193 11Standard Guide forUse of Joint Sealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1193; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates th
2、e year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes the use of a cold liquid-appliedsealant for joint sealing applications. Including joints onbuildings and related adjacent areas, such as plazas, dec
3、ks, andpavements for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types ofconstruction other than highways and airfield pavements andbridges. Information in this guide is primarily applicable to asingle and multi-component, cold liquid-applied joint sealantand secondarily to a precured sealant when used with ap
4、roperly prepared joint opening and substrate surfaces.1.2 An elastomeric or non-elastomeric sealant described bythis guide should meet the requirements of Specification C834,C920,orC1311.1.3 This guide does not provide information or guidelinesfor the use of a sealant in a structural sealant glazing
5、 applica-tion. Guide C1401 should be consulted for this information.Additionally, it also does not provide information or guidelinesfor the use of a sealant in an insulating glass unit edge seal usedin a structural sealant glazing application. Guide C1249 shouldbe consulted for this information.1.4
6、Practice C919 should be consulted for information andguidelines for the use of a sealant in an application where anacoustic joint seal is required.1.5 This guide also does not provide information relative tothe numerous types of sealant that are available nor specificgeneric sealant properties, such
7、 as hardness, tack-free time, orcuring process, among others.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parenthesis are provided forinformation only.1.7 The Committee with jurisdiction for this standard is notaware of any comparable standards published b
8、y other orga-nizations.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices, and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prio
9、r to use.1.9 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is notaware of any comparable standards published by other orga-nizations.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C510 Test Method for Staining and Color Change of Single-or Multicomponent Joint SealantsC603 Test Method for Extrusion
10、 Rate and Application Lifeof Elastomeric SealantsC711 Test Method for Low-Temperature Flexibility andTenacity of One-Part, Elastomeric, Solvent-Release TypeSealantsC717 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-meric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Mo
11、vement (HockmanCycle)C732 Test Method for Aging Effects of Artificial Weather-ing on Latex SealantsC734 Test Method for Low-Temperature Flexibility of La-tex Sealants After Artificial WeatheringC792 Test Method for Effects of Heat Aging on WeightLoss, Cracking, and Chalking of Elastomeric SealantsC7
12、93 Test Method for Effects of Laboratory AcceleratedWeathering on Elastomeric Joint SealantsC794 Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of ElastomericJoint SealantsC834 Specification for Latex SealantsC919 Practice for Use of Sealants in Acoustical Applica-tionsC920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sea
13、lantsC1083 Test Method for Water Absorption of Cellular Elas-tomeric Gaskets and Sealing MaterialsC1087 Test Method for Determining Compatibility ofLiquid-Applied Sealants with Accessories Used in Struc-tural Glazing Systems1This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on BuildingSe
14、als and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 onSpecifications, Guides and Practices.Current edition approved June 15, 2011. Published July 2011. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C119309. DOI:10.1520/C1193-11.2For referenced ASTM standa
15、rds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
16、 19428-2959, United States.C1135 Test Method for Determining Tensile AdhesionProperties of Structural SealantsC1184 Specification for Structural Silicone SealantsC1241 Test Method for Volume Shrinkage of Latex Seal-ants During CureC1247 Test Method for Durability of Sealants Exposed toContinuous Imm
17、ersion in LiquidsC1248 Test Method for Staining of Porous Substrate byJoint SealantsC1249 Guide for Secondary Seal for Sealed InsulatingGlass Units for Structural Sealant Glazing ApplicationsC1253 Test Method for Determining the Outgassing Poten-tial of Sealant BackingC1257 Test Method for Accelerat
18、ed Weathering of Solvent-Release-Type SealantsC1311 Specification for Solvent Release SealantsC1330 Specification for Cylindrical Sealant Backing forUse with Cold Liquid-Applied SealantsC1382 Test Method for Determining Tensile AdhesionProperties of Sealants When Used in Exterior Insulationand Finis
19、h Systems (EIFS) JointsC1401 Guide for Structural Sealant GlazingC1442 Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants UsingArtificial Weathering ApparatusC1472 Guide for Calculating Movement and Other EffectsWhen Establishing Sealant Joint WidthD2203 Test Method for Staining from SealantsD2453 Test Metho
20、d for Shrinkage and Tenacity of Oil- andResin-Base Caulking Compounds3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology C717 for definitionsof the following terms used in this guide: adhesive failure,bicellular sealant backing, blooming, bond-breaker, bridgesealant joint, butt sealant joint, cell, ce
21、llular material, chalk,chalking, chemically curing sealant, closed cell, closed cellmaterial, closed cell sealant backing, cohesive failure, compat-ibility, compatible materials, compound, control joint, creep,cure, cured, dirt pick-up, durability, durability limit, elasto-meric, elongation, expansi
22、on joint, fillet sealant joint, gasket,hydrostatic pressure, isolation joint, fluid migration, joint filler,laitance, latex sealant, modulus, non-sag sealant, open cell,open cell material, open cell outgassing, premature deteriora-tion, primer, reversion, rundown, seal, sealant, sealant backing,self
23、-leveling sealant, service life, shelf-life, shrinkage, siliconesealant, skin, solvent release sealant, structural sealant, sub-strate, tooling, tooling time, weathertight, working life (potlife).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 precured sealant, na preformed, factory cured,
24、elas-tomeric material.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide provides information and guidelines forconsideration by the designer or applicator of a joint seal. Itexplains the properties and functions of various materials, suchas sealant, sealant backing, and primer, among others; and,procedures such
25、 as, substrate cleaning and priming, andinstallation of the components of a sealed joint. It presentsguidelines for the use and application of the various materials,design of a sealant joint for a specific application, andenvironmental conditions and effects that are known to detri-mentally affect a
26、 sealant joint. The information and guidelinesare also useful for those that supply accessories to the sealantindustry and for those that install sealants and accessorymaterials associated with sealant use.4.2 In addition to the design and installation data in thisguide, consult the sealant manufact
27、urer about applications forits products and their proper use and installation. Consideringthe range of properties of commercially available sealants, thevariety of joint designs possible, and the many conditions ofuse, the information contained herein is general in nature.4.3 It should be realized t
28、hat a sealant and sealant joint areexpected to have a design life during which they remainfunctional. However, a sealant and sealant joint will also havea service life. The intent is for service life to meet or exceeddesign life. There are many factors that can affect service lifeincluding type of s
29、ealant polymer, sealant formulation, com-patibility with adjacent materials, installation techniques ordeficiencies, sealant joint design (or lack thereof), propermaintenance (or lack thereof), and environmental exposure,among others. The designer of a joint seal should take theabove into considerat
30、ion when designing and specifying seal-ants for certain applications.4.4 The design life of a sealant or sealant joint should beconsidered in conjunction with the design life of the structurefor which it is used. For example, a building owner may requirea new courthouse building to have an expected
31、design life of 50years. Therefore, elements of the buildings exterior envelopeshould, with proper maintenance, be expected to perform forthat time period. As a result of the information in 4.3 it shouldbe realized that a sealant or sealant joint may not perform forthat time period without proper mai
32、ntenance. Proper mainte-nance could include replacement of localized sealant andsealant joint failures and conceivably complete sealant replace-ment, perhaps more than once, during that 50 year time perioddepending on a sealants polymer base and its particularformulation. Sealant replacement needs t
33、o be considered andwhen needed should be easily accomplished.4.5 To assist the user of the guide in locating specificinformation, a detailed listing of guide numbered sections andtheir descriptors are included in Appendix X2.5. General Considerations5.1 GeneralProper selection and use of a sealant i
34、sfundamental to its ultimate performance, service life, anddurability. A sealant joint subjected to movement and othersimilar performance factors should be designed for the particu-lar application to avoid compromising its performance capa-bility and causing failure (See 15). If not designed for the
35、particular application, failure is a distinct probability. Equallyimportant is the proper selection and use of other materials andproducts associated with sealant use. These include substratecleaner, surface conditioner or primer, type of sealant backingmaterial, bond-breaker, and joint filler, amon
36、g others. Theability of a sealant installation to remain weathertight iscritically dependent on proper preparation, continuity, anddurability of the substrates to which the sealant will adhere,C1193 112and compatibility of the sealant with the materials it willcontact, including the substrates. The
37、proper application andinstallation of the various materials and products, following theestablished joint design criteria, avoids premature deteriorationof the sealant joint. For a sealant joint that is difficult orexpensive to access (for example, tall buildings and certainroofs) a sealant should be
38、 selected that will have excellentenvironmental weathering characteristics to minimize mainte-nance. The following sections describe joint design guidelinesand the properties and use of a sealant and its associatedmaterials.5.2 DurabilityThe durability of a sealant and a sealantjoint is related to m
39、any factors. For example, environmentalexposure to solar radiation, ozone, heat-aging, and atmosphericcontaminants can lessen sealant durability. Inadequate con-struction tolerances and improper sealant joint design formovement and other effects can contribute to sealant jointfailure, which is usual
40、ly expressed as adhesive or cohesivefailure of the sealant. Inadequate installation (for example,where the sealant profile is inappropriate for movement, wheresubstrates have not been properly cleaned and, if required,primed, and the sealant inadequately tooled, among others) isa common cause of fai
41、lure. Conditions of exposure and design(where, for example, a sealant joint is exposed to constantwetting or to pedestrian or other traffic) can lessen sealant andsealant joint durability. The type of sealant, its primarypolymer backbone, and the particular sealant formulation canalso contribute to
42、lessened durability, especially if a sealant isused in an application, or under conditions of use, notappropriate for it. Frequently, various combinations of envi-ronmental exposure and conditions of use occur which canresult in lessened durability. For example, depending on sealanttype, joint movem
43、ent combined with heat aging and coldweather exposure or joint movement combined with heat agingand moisture can result in failure. To enhance durability, it isimportant that the sealant type is matched to the conditions ofuse and exposure and that the sealant joint is of proper designfor those cond
44、itions of use and exposure. In any event, eventualreplacement of a sealant that has reached its durability limitmust be planned for in the initial design and installation tofacilitate future remedial work.5.2.1 Durability TestingPresently, testing for sealant du-rability consists of exposing small-s
45、cale sealant samples toconditions intended to simulate the effects of movements (as inPractice C719), and to artificial weathering by actinic radiation,moisture, and heat, without cycling movement, in a laboratoryaccelerated weathering device according to Practice C1442.Laboratory artificial weather
46、ing and heat aging can be useful inthe evaluation of the effects on sealants related to wash out,cracking, discoloration, and adhesion failure. The applicableASTM test methods are Test Method C732 for sealantsconforming to Specification C834, Test Method C1257 forsolvent release sealants conforming
47、to C1311, and Test Meth-ods C792 and C793 for sealants conforming to SpecificationC920. Additionally, environmental exposure at various loca-tions (for example Florida, Arizona, Texas, and certain sites innorthern latitudes) is also conducted. Correlation of artificialweathering to environmental exp
48、osure is important to assessthe relevance of laboratory test results to predicting sealantperformance during environmental use (1, 2). Laboratory teststo date indicate that at least several thousand hours of artificialweathering exposure is necessary to adequately predict aminimum level of environme
49、ntal performance. For example, ifchanges occur five times faster in a laboratory device thanunder environmental conditions (a typical average accelerationfactor for a number of materials), and the desired lifetime of amaterial is about five years, as much as one year of artificialweathering may be necessary to qualify a material for theapplication. The latest ASTM weathering standards recom-mend as a minimum exposure time, the duration necessary toproduce a substantial change in the property of interest for theleast stable material being evaluated. However, this may not belong
