1、Designation: C1193 11aStandard Guide forUse of Joint Sealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1193; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates t
2、he year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes the use of a cold liquid-appliedsealant for joint sealing applications. Including joints onbuildings and related adjacent areas, such as plazas, de
3、cks, andpavements for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types ofconstruction other than highways and airfield pavements andbridges. Information in this guide is primarily applicable to asingle and multi-component, cold liquid-applied joint sealantand secondarily to a precured sealant when used with a
4、properly prepared joint opening and substrate surfaces.1.2 An elastomeric or non-elastomeric sealant described bythis guide should meet the requirements of Specification C834,C920,orC1311.1.3 This guide does not provide information or guidelinesfor the use of a sealant in a structural sealant glazin
5、g applica-tion. Guide C1401 should be consulted for this information.Additionally, it also does not provide information or guidelinesfor the use of a sealant in an insulating glass unit edge seal usedin a structural sealant glazing application. Guide C1249 shouldbe consulted for this information.1.4
6、 Practice C919 should be consulted for information andguidelines for the use of a sealant in an application where anacoustic joint seal is required.1.5 This guide also does not provide information relative tothe numerous types of sealant that are available nor specificgeneric sealant properties, suc
7、h as hardness, tack-free time, orcuring process, among others.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parenthesis are provided forinformation only.1.7 The Committee with jurisdiction for this standard is notaware of any comparable standards published
8、by other orga-nizations.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices, and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations pri
9、or to use.1.9 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is notaware of any comparable standards published by other orga-nizations.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C510 Test Method for Staining and Color Change of Single-or Multicomponent Joint SealantsC603 Test Method for Extrusio
10、n Rate and Application Lifeof Elastomeric SealantsC661 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Elastomeric-Type Sealants by Means of a DurometerC711 Test Method for Low-Temperature Flexibility andTenacity of One-Part, Elastomeric, Solvent-Release TypeSealantsC717 Terminology of Building Seals and Se
11、alantsC719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-meric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (HockmanCycle)C731 Test Method for Extrudability, After Package Aging,of Latex SealantsC732 Test Method for Aging Effects of Artificial Weather-ing on Latex SealantsC734 Test Method for Low-Temperat
12、ure Flexibility of La-tex Sealants After Artificial WeatheringC792 Test Method for Effects of Heat Aging on WeightLoss, Cracking, and Chalking of Elastomeric SealantsC793 Test Method for Effects of Laboratory AcceleratedWeathering on Elastomeric Joint SealantsC794 Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of
13、 ElastomericJoint SealantsC834 Specification for Latex SealantsC919 Practice for Use of Sealants in Acoustical Applica-tionsC920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint SealantsC1083 Test Method for Water Absorption of Cellular Elas-tomeric Gaskets and Sealing MaterialsC1087 Test Method for Determining
14、Compatibility ofLiquid-Applied Sealants with Accessories Used in Struc-tural Glazing Systems1This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on BuildingSeals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 onSpecifications, Guides and Practices.Current edition appr
15、oved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C119311. DOI:10.1520/C1193-11A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards v
16、olume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C1135 Test Method for Determining Tensile AdhesionProperties of Structural SealantsC1184 Specification
17、 for Structural Silicone SealantsC1216 Test Method forAdhesion and Cohesion of One-PartElastomeric Solvent Release SealantsC1241 Test Method for Volume Shrinkage of Latex Seal-ants During CureC1247 Test Method for Durability of Sealants Exposed toContinuous Immersion in LiquidsC1248 Test Method for
18、Staining of Porous Substrate byJoint SealantsC1249 Guide for Secondary Seal for Sealed InsulatingGlass Units for Structural Sealant Glazing ApplicationsC1253 Test Method for Determining the Outgassing Poten-tial of Sealant BackingC1257 Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Solvent-Release-Type S
19、ealantsC1265 Test Method for Determining the Tensile Propertiesof an Insulating Glass Edge Seal for Structural GlazingApplicationsC1311 Specification for Solvent Release SealantsC1330 Specification for Cylindrical Sealant Backing forUse with Cold Liquid-Applied SealantsC1369 Specification for Second
20、ary Edge Sealants for Struc-turally Glazed Insulating Glass UnitsC1382 Test Method for Determining Tensile AdhesionProperties of Sealants When Used in Exterior Insulationand Finish Systems (EIFS) JointsC1401 Guide for Structural Sealant GlazingC1442 Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants UsingArt
21、ificial Weathering ApparatusC1472 Guide for Calculating Movement and Other EffectsWhen Establishing Sealant Joint WidthC1519 Test Method for Evaluating Durability of BuildingConstruction Sealants by Laboratory Accelerated Weath-ering ProceduresC1521 Practice for EvaluatingAdhesion of Installed Weath
22、-erproofing Sealant JointsC1681 Test Method for Evaluating the Tear Resistance of aSealant Under Constant StrainD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul-canized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersD2203 Test Met
23、hod for Staining from SealantsD2453 Test Method for Shrinkage and Tenacity of Oil- andResin-Base Caulking Compounds3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology C717 for definitionsof the following terms used in this guide: adhesive failure,bicellular sealant backing, blooming, bond-breaker, bri
24、dgesealant joint, butt sealant joint, cell, cellular material, chalk,chalking, chemically curing sealant, closed cell, closed cellmaterial, closed cell sealant backing, cohesive failure, compat-ibility, compatible materials, compound, control joint, creep,cure, cured, dirt pick-up, durability, durab
25、ility limit, elasto-meric, elongation, expansion joint, fillet sealant joint, gasket,hydrostatic pressure, isolation joint, fluid migration, joint filler,laitance, latex sealant, modulus, non-sag sealant, open cell,open cell material, open cell outgassing, premature deteriora-tion, primer, reversion
26、, rundown, seal, sealant, sealant backing,self-leveling sealant, service life, shelf-life, shrinkage, siliconesealant, skin, solvent release sealant, structural sealant, sub-strate, tooling, tooling time, weathertight, working life (potlife).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 p
27、recured sealant, na preformed, factory cured, elas-tomeric material.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide provides information and guidelines forconsideration by the designer or applicator of a joint seal. Itexplains the properties and functions of various materials, suchas sealant, sealant backing,
28、 and primer, among others; and,procedures such as, substrate cleaning and priming, andinstallation of the components of a sealed joint. It presentsguidelines for the use and application of the various materials,design of a sealant joint for a specific application, andenvironmental conditions and eff
29、ects that are known to detri-mentally affect a sealant joint. The information and guidelinesare also useful for those that supply accessories to the sealantindustry and for those that install sealants and accessorymaterials associated with sealant use.4.2 In addition to the design and installation d
30、ata in thisguide, consult the sealant manufacturer about applications forits products and their proper use and installation. Consideringthe range of properties of commercially available sealants, thevariety of joint designs possible, and the many conditions ofuse, the information contained herein is
31、 general in nature.4.3 It should be realized that a sealant and sealant joint areexpected to have a design life during which they remainfunctional. However, a sealant and sealant joint will also havea service life. The intent is for service life to meet or exceeddesign life. There are many factors t
32、hat can affect service lifeincluding type of sealant polymer, sealant formulation, com-patibility with adjacent materials, installation techniques ordeficiencies, sealant joint design (or lack thereof), propermaintenance (or lack thereof), and environmental exposure,among others. The designer of a j
33、oint seal should take theabove into consideration when designing and specifying seal-ants for certain applications.4.4 The design life of a sealant or sealant joint should beconsidered in conjunction with the design life of the structurefor which it is used. For example, a building owner may require
34、a new courthouse building to have an expected design life of 50years. Therefore, elements of the buildings exterior envelopeshould, with proper maintenance, be expected to perform forthat time period. As a result of the information in 4.3 it shouldbe realized that a sealant or sealant joint may not
35、perform forthat time period without proper maintenance. Proper mainte-nance could include replacement of localized sealant andsealant joint failures and conceivably complete sealant replace-ment, perhaps more than once, during that 50 year time perioddepending on a sealants polymer base and its part
36、icularformulation. Sealant replacement needs to be considered andwhen needed should be easily accomplished.C1193 11a24.5 To assist the user of the guide in locating specificinformation, a detailed listing of guide numbered sections andtheir descriptors are included in Appendix X2.5. General Consider
37、ations5.1 GeneralProper selection and use of a sealant isfundamental to its ultimate performance, service life, anddurability. A sealant joint subjected to movement and othersimilar performance factors should be designed for the particu-lar application to avoid compromising its performance capa-bili
38、ty and causing failure (See 15). If not designed for theparticular application, failure is a distinct probability. Equallyimportant is the proper selection and use of other materials andproducts associated with sealant use. These include substratecleaner, surface conditioner or primer, type of seala
39、nt backingmaterial, bond-breaker, and joint filler, among others. Theability of a sealant installation to remain weathertight iscritically dependent on proper preparation, continuity, anddurability of the substrates to which the sealant will adhere,and compatibility of the sealant with the materials
40、 it willcontact, including the substrates. The proper application andinstallation of the various materials and products, following theestablished joint design criteria, avoids premature deteriorationof the sealant joint. For a sealant joint that is difficult orexpensive to access (for example, tall
41、buildings and certainroofs) a sealant should be selected that will have excellentenvironmental weathering characteristics to minimize mainte-nance. The following sections describe joint design guidelinesand the properties and use of a sealant and its associatedmaterials.5.2 DurabilityThe durability
42、of a sealant and a sealantjoint is related to many factors. For example, environmentalexposure to solar radiation, ozone, heat-aging, and atmosphericcontaminants can lessen sealant durability. Inadequate con-struction tolerances and improper sealant joint design formovement and other effects can con
43、tribute to sealant jointfailure, which is usually expressed as adhesive or cohesivefailure of the sealant. Inadequate installation (for example,where the sealant profile is inappropriate for movement, wheresubstrates have not been properly cleaned and, if required,primed, and the sealant inadequatel
44、y tooled, among others) isa common cause of failure. Conditions of exposure and design(where, for example, a sealant joint is exposed to constantwetting or to pedestrian or other traffic) can lessen sealant andsealant joint durability. The type of sealant, its primarypolymer backbone, and the partic
45、ular sealant formulation canalso contribute to lessened durability, especially if a sealant isused in an application, or under conditions of use, notappropriate for it. Frequently, various combinations of envi-ronmental exposure and conditions of use occur which canresult in lessened durability. For
46、 example, depending on sealanttype, joint movement combined with heat aging and coldweather exposure or joint movement combined with heat agingand moisture can result in failure. To enhance durability, it isimportant that the sealant type is matched to the conditions ofuse and exposure and that the
47、sealant joint is of proper designfor those conditions of use and exposure. In any event, eventualreplacement of a sealant that has reached its durability limitmust be planned for in the initial design and installation tofacilitate future remedial work.5.2.1 Durability TestingPresently, testing for s
48、ealant du-rability consists of exposing small-scale sealant samples toconditions intended to simulate the effects of movements (as inPractice C719), and to artificial weathering by actinic radiation,moisture, and heat, without cycling movement, in a laboratoryaccelerated weathering device according
49、to Practice C1442.Laboratory artificial weathering and heat aging can be useful inthe evaluation of the effects on sealants related to wash out,cracking, discoloration, and adhesion failure. The applicableASTM test methods are Test Method C732 for sealantsconforming to Specification C834, Test Method C1257 forsolvent release sealants conforming to C1311, and Test Meth-ods C792 and C793 for sealants conforming to SpecificationC920. Additionally, environmental exposure at various loca-tions (for example Florida, Arizona, Texas, and certain sites innorthern latitudes) is also co
