1、Designation: C 1201/C 1201M 09Standard Test Method forStructural Performance of Exterior Dimension StoneCladding Systems by Uniform Static Air PressureDifference1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1201/C 1201M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the struc-tura
3、l performance of dimension stone cladding systems underpositive and negative uniform static air pressure differences,using a test chamber.1.2 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledgeof the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.1.3 This test method describes the apparatus a
4、nd the proce-dure to be used for applying either specific test loads orunknown ultimate values of uniformity distributed test loads toa specimen.1.3.1 Procedure A (see 11.2) shall be used when deflectionsat maximum load only are required.1.3.2 Procedure B (see 11.3) shall be used when a load-deflect
5、ion curve is required.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may re
6、sult in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulator
7、y limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ANSI Standard:ANSI A58.1 Building Code Requirements for MinimumDesign Loads in Buildings and Other Structures22.2 AAMA Standard:AAMA TIR-A2 Design Wind Loads for Aluminum CurtainWalls33. Terminology3.
8、1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 permanent deformationthe permanent displacementfrom an original position that remains after an applied load hasbeen removed.3.1.2 specimenthe entire assembled unit submitted fortest as described in Section 8.3.1.3 test loadthe specified differen
9、ce in static air pressure(positive or negative) for which the specimen is to be tested,expressed in pounds-force per square foot Pascals.3.1.4 ultimate loadthe difference in static air pressure(positive or negative) at which failure of the specimen occurs,expressed in pounds-force per square foot Pa
10、scals.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimeninto or against one face of a test chamber; supplying air to, orexhausting air from, the chamber at the rate required tomaintain the test-pressure difference across the specimen; andobserving, measuring, and rec
11、ording the deflection, deforma-tions, and nature of any failures.4,55. Significance and Use5.1 This test method gives a standard procedure for deter-mining structural performance under uniform static air pressuredifference. This typically is intended to represent the effects ofwind loads on exterior
12、 building surface elements. The actualloading on building surfaces is quite complex, varying withwind direction, time, height above ground, building shape,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Te
13、stMethods.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 120191(2003).2Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.3Available from
14、American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA),1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268.4ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, American Society of Heating, Refrig-erating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Chapter 26, 1977.5“Wind Forces on Structures ,” Transactions of
15、 the American Society of CivilEngineer, Vol 126, Part II, Paper 3269, 1961, pp. 11241198.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.terrain, surrounding structures, and other factors. These factorsare discussed in the literature
16、 in 2.1 and 2.2 and Footnotes 4and 5.NOTE 1In applying the results of tests by this test method, it shouldbe borne in mind that the performance of a cladding system may be afunction of fabrication, installation, and adjustment, and that the specimenmay or may not truly represent the actual structure
17、. In service, theperformance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting constructionand on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, tovibration, to thermal expansion and contraction, etc.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of apparatus is general in nature; anyequipment capab
18、le of performing the test procedure within theallowable tolerances is permitted.6.2 Major Components (see Fig. 1):6.2.1 Test ChamberA test chamber or box with an open-ing, a removable mounting panel, or one open side in which, oragainst which, the specimen is installed. Care should be takenwhen desi
19、gning the chamber-to-specimen seal, to avoid edgeconditions not representative of the cladding system beingtested. At least one static pressure tap shall be provided tomeasure the chamber pressure and shall be so located that thereading is unaffected by the velocity of the air supply to orfrom the c
20、hamber, or any other air movement. The air supplyopening into the chamber shall be arranged so that the air doesnot impinge directly on the test specimen. A means of accessinto the chamber may be provided to facilitate adjustments andobservations after the specimen has been installed.NOTE 2The test
21、chamber and the specimen mounting frame must notdeflect under the test load in such a manner that the performance of thespecimen will be affected.6.2.2 Air SystemA controllable blower, a compressed-airsupply, an exhaust system, or reversible controllable blowerdesigned to provide the required maximu
22、m air-pressure differ-ence across the specimen. The system shall provide an essen-tially constant air-pressure difference for the required testperiod.NOTE 3It is convenient to use a reversible blower or a separatepressure and exhaust system to provide the required air-pressure differ-ence so that th
23、e test specimen can be tested for the effect of positivepressure and for the effect of negative pressure without removing,reversing, and reinstalling the test specimen. If an adequate air supply isavailable, a completely airtight seal need not be provided around theperimeter of the test specimen and
24、 the mounting panel, although it ispreferable. However, substantial air leakage will require an air supply ofmuch greater capacity to maintain the required pressure differences.6.2.3 Pressure-Measuring ApparatusA device to measurethe test pressure difference within an accuracy of 62%.6.2.4 Deflectio
25、n-Measuring SystemA means of measuringdeflections with an accuracy of 60.001 in. 60.02 mm.6.2.4.1 Stone deflections shall be measured perpendicular tothe stone surface at anchorage locations and at the position ofmaximum displacement. Additional locations for deflectionmeasurements, if required, sha
26、ll be stated by the specifier.6.2.4.2 Deflection gauges shall be supported independentlyof the cladding system being tested.6.2.4.3 For tests to determine the ultimate performance of aspecimen, deflection-measuring devices with lesser precisionmay be used due to possible destruction of the instrumen
27、ts.7. Hazards7.1 Take proper precautions to protect the observers in theevent of any failure. At the pressures used in this test method,considerable energy and hazard are involved. In cases offailure, the hazard to personnel is less with an exhaust system,as the specimen will tend to blow into the t
28、est chamber ratherthan out. Do not permit personnel in such chambers duringtests.8. Test Specimens8.1 Test specimens shall be of sufficient size and extent todetermine the performance of all typical components of thecladding system.8.1.1 All parts of the test specimen shall be full size, usingthe sa
29、me materials, material finishes, details, and methods ofconstruction, and anchorage as used, or planned to be used, onthe building.8.1.2 Accurately simulate conditions of structural supportback to a reasonably unyielding support.8.2 Test a minimum of five specimens.NOTE 4It should be recognized that
30、 performance is likely to be afunction of size and geometry. Therefore, one should select specimenscovering the range of sizes and thicknesses to be used on a building. Ingeneral, the largest size or most heavily loaded of a particular design, type,thickness, construction, or configuration to be use
31、d should be tested.9. Calibration9.1 Calibration of fluid manometers and dial gauge deflec-tion measuring devices is normally not required, provided theinstruments are used at or near their design temperature.Appropriately calibrate other types of pressure and deflectionmeasuring devices.10. Require
32、d Information10.1 In specifying this test method, the following informa-tion shall be supplied by the specifying authority:FIG. 1 General Arrangement of Testing ApparatusC 1201/C 1201M 09210.1.1 Procedure A:10.1.1.1 The positive and negative test loads,10.1.1.2 The duration of maximum load, and10.1.
33、1.3 The number and location of required deflectionmeasurements.10.1.2 Procedure B:10.1.2.1 The number of incremental loads and the positiveand negative test loads at these increments at which deflectionmeasurements are required,10.1.2.2 The duration of incremental and maximum loads,and10.1.2.3 The n
34、umber and location of required deflectionmeasurements.11. Procedure11.1 Fit the specimen into or against the chamber opening.The outdoor side of the specimen shall face the higher pressureside for positive loads; the indoor side shall face the higherpressure side for negative loads. Support and secu
35、re thespecimen by the same number and type of anchors to be usedin installing the unit on a building.11.2 Procedure AUse the following procedure when de-flections at maximum load are required:11.2.1 Check the specimen for proper adjustment.11.2.2 Install required deflection measuring devices at thei
36、rspecified locations.11.2.3 Apply positive pressure equal to one-half of themaximum specified test load, and maintain for not less than 10s. Release the pressure difference across the specimen, andafter a recovery period of not less than 1 min nor more than 5min at zero load, read and record initial
37、 deflection gaugereadings.11.2.4 Unless otherwise specified, apply positive pressureequal to the maximum specified test load and maintain for notless than 10 s. Apply load in such a manner as to avoid shockloading. Read and record deflection gauge readings to deter-mine maximum deformation.11.2.5 Re
38、duce the pressure difference to zero, and, after arecovery period of not less than 1 min nor more than 5 min,read and record deflection gauge readings to determine perma-nent deformation.11.2.6 Repeat the procedure using negative pressures.11.3 Procedure BUse the following procedure when thedetermin
39、ation of a load-deflection curve is required:11.3.1 Follow 11.2.1-11.2.3.11.3.2 Apply the load using positive pressure in the speci-fied number of increments up to the maximum specified testload. The specifier shall determine the number of increments tobe used in this test method, not to be less tha
40、n four equalincrements to maximum test load. At each increment, unlessotherwise specified, apply and maintain the test load for notless than 10 s. Read and record deflection gauge readings.11.3.3 Reduce the pressure difference to zero, and, after arecovery period of not less than 1 min nor more than
41、 5 min,read and record deflection gauge readings to determine perma-nent deformation.11.3.4 When the behavior of the specimen under loadindicates that sudden failure may occur and damage themeasuring devices, the deflection measuring devices may beremoved and the load increased incrementally until t
42、he maxi-mum test load or the maximum load that can be sustained isreached, whichever occurs first.11.3.5 Repeat the procedure using negative pressures.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Dates of the test and the report,12.1.2 Identification of the specimen (manufacturer, sourceof
43、 supply, dimensions, model types, materials, material fin-ishes, and other pertinent information),12.1.3 Detailed drawings of the specimen, showing dimen-sioned section profiles, framing location, installation andspacing of anchorage, hardware, sealants, and any otherpertinent construction details.
44、Any modifications made on thespecimen to obtain the reported values shall be noted on thedrawings,12.1.4 Any preconditioning of the stone (wetting, drying,etc.) shall be fully documented,12.1.5 Procedure AA tabulation of pressure differencesexerted across the specimen during the test and the deflect
45、ionsand permanent deformations at locations specified for eachspecimen tested,12.1.6 Procedure BAtabulation of the number of test loadincrements, the pressure differences exerted across the speci-men at these increments, the pertinent deflections at thesepressure differences, and permanent deformati
46、ons at locationsspecified for each specimen tested,12.1.7 The duration of test loads, including incrementalloads for Procedure B,12.1.8 A record of visual performance observations,12.1.9 When the tests are made to check conformity of thespecimen to a particular specification, an identification ordes
47、cription of that specification,12.1.10 A statement that the tests were conducted in accor-dance with this test method. A full description of any devia-tions from this test method shall also be included, and12.2 If several essentially identical specimens are tested,results for all specimens shall be
48、reported, each specimen beingproperly identified, particularly with respect to distinguishingfeatures or differing adjustments. A separate drawing for eachspecimen will not be required if all differences between themare noted on the drawings provided.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Individual variations
49、in a natural product may result indeviation from accepted values. A precision section will beadded when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.14. Keywords14.1 dimension stone; load test; stone; strength; structuralperformance; testC 1201/C 1201M 093ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, a
