1、Designation: C147 86 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Methods forInternal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thebreaking strength of glass containers when subjected to internalpressure
3、. These test methods are intended to determine thepressure strength of containers manufactured to contain prod-ucts reasonably expected to develop a sustained pressure of138 kPa (20 psi) or greater, after processing. Two test methodsare covered as follows:SectionsTest Method AApplication of Uniform
4、Internal Pressure for aPredetermined Period 57Test Method BApplication of Internal Pressure Increasing at aPredetermined Constant Rate 8101.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to
5、 address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C224 Prac
6、tice for Sampling Glass Containers2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Single-head hydraulic testing machine (8 blueprints)33. Sampling3.1 Methods of sampling a minimum lot from a group ofcontainers of a given type are given in Practice C224, for thevarious situations to which it may apply.4. Precision and Bias4.1 Sta
7、tements regarding either precision or bias of theinternal pressure test results are not possible because suitableinternal pressure reference test materials are not available.4.2 Test Method AThe pressure test precision is within onehalf the incremental step size used at failure. Pressure test biasis
8、 generally within 61 % of full scale.4.3 Test Method BThe pressure test precision is within 61psi (7 kPa). Pressure test bias is generally within 6 % of fullscale.TEST METHOD AAPPLICATION OF UNIFORMINTERNAL PRESSURE FOR A PREDETERMINEDPERIOD5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus3shall embody the following pr
9、inciples:5.1.1 The bottles to be tested shall be held in such a mannerthat the bottle is not clamped, but is suspended from the beadof the finish.5.1.2 There shall be a resilient sealing member that shall actwith the sealing surface of the container to retain the pressur-izing medium during the peri
10、od of the test.5.1.3 There shall be a means of applying fluid pressure to apredetermined level at a minimum rate of 69 MPa (10 000psi)/min and of maintaining that pressure constant during theperiod of test. Applied incremental fluid pressure levels shallbe provided extending over the range from 0.18
11、 MPa (25 psi)to at least 2.41 MPa (350 psi). The applied fluid pressure levelshall be reproducible to within 61 % of full scale.5.1.4 An automatically controlled timing mechanism shallbe built into the apparatus so that the container will be subjectto uniform internal pressure for a predetermined pe
12、riod whichshall be not less than 3 s nor more than 1 min (Note 1). Theperiod of test shall be reproducible within 62%.NOTE 1For test durations between 3 s and 1 min, the actual pressure(PI) can be converted to the 1-min pressure (P60) calculated as follows:1These test methods are under the jurisdict
13、ion of ASTM Committee C14 onGlass and Glass Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.07on Glass Containers.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C147 86 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/C0147-86R
14、15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Single-head automatic sustained pressure testing machine
15、developed by Ameri-can Glass Research, Inc., Butler, PA, meets these requirements for durations greaterthan 15 s. Detailed working drawings of this machine are available from ASTMHeadquarters. An increment pressure tester developed by the same laboratory issuitable for shorter durations. Available f
16、rom ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No. ADJC0147.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1P605S7.9711.53logt10.69DPI(1)where t is the duration of the test in s. For instance, the actual pressurein a 3-s test would
17、 be multiplied by 0.81 in order to be equivalent tothe pressure at a test period of 1 min.6. Procedure6.1 Fill the containers with water or other low-densityliquid, if such is used as the medium for applying pressure.6.2 Use one of the following test procedures, dependingupon the purpose of the test
18、:6.2.1 Pass TestApply the internal test pressure and hold itconstant for the predetermined time of test. This pass test,usually at a pressure 50 % greater than that reasonably ex-pected under actual conditions of use of the containers, issufficient for routine testing of samples from continuousprodu
19、ction in a manufacturers plant.6.2.2 Progressive Test (to a Predetermined Percent ofBreakage)Where it may be desirable to conduct the test as ameasurement test, repeat or continue the test described in 6.2.1,increasing the pressure stepwise by uniform increments (usu-ally 172 or 335 kPa (25 or 50 ps
20、i) each step), until thepredetermined percent of containers is broken.6.2.3 Progressive Test (Total)As an alternative to theprogressive test described in 6.2.2, continue the progressivetest until all of the containers break.7. Report7.1 Report the following information:7.1.1 Report of method of samp
21、ling (see Practice C224),7.1.2 Number of containers from each mold included in thesample,7.1.3 Duration of the test, and7.1.4 Results of the test (use one of the following dependingon the kind of test):7.1.4.1 For the pass test in accordance with 6.2.1:(1)pressure used, and (2) number of containers
22、that failed in thetest.7.1.4.2 For the progressive test in accordance with 6.2.2:(1)pressure at which first failure occurred and number of contain-ers that failed at that pressure, and (2) pressure required tobreak the predetermined percent of the sample, interpolated tothe nearest 34 kPa (5 psi).7.
23、1.4.3 For the progressive test in accordance with 6.2.3:(1)pressures used in the test and number of containers that failedat each pressure, and (2) average breaking pressure (correctedfor the size of the pressure increment by subtracting one half ofthe increment; for example, 86 kPa (12.5 psi) for 1
24、72-kPa(25-psi) steps or increments).TEST METHOD BAPPLICATION OF INTERNALPRESSURE INCREASING AT A PREDETERMINEDCONSTANT RATE8. Apparatus8.1 The apparatus4shall embody the following principles:8.1.1 The bottles to be tested shall be held in such a mannerthat the bottle is not clamped, but is suspended
25、 from the beadof the finish.8.1.2 There shall be a resilient sealing member which shallact with the sealing surface of the container to retain thepressurizing medium during the period of the test.8.1.3 There shall be a means of applying fluid pressureincreasing at a predetermined constant rate until
26、 the containerfails or a predetermined level is reached. The rate of increaseof pressure shall be reproducible to 62 %. Applied fluidpressure levels shall be provided over the range from 0.34 MPa(50 psi) to at least 4.07 MPa (590 psi), determinable to thenearest 0.01 MPa (or nearest integral psi uni
27、t). The appliedfluid pressure level shall be reproducible to within 61 % of fullscale.8.1.4 The apparatus shall include a means of indicating thepressure level at which the container failed or the maximumpressure reached during the test.8.1.5 If desired, the apparatus may be equipped to read outthe
28、equivalent pressure values for an appropriate fixed-durationtest rather than actual pressures reached in the constant ratetests. When this is done, the conversion factor to be incorpo-rated in the apparatus shall be determined from actual pressuretests on appropriate samples of glass containers, and
29、 theapparatus shall clearly indicate that an equivalent pressurevalue is being used.NOTE 2For the apparatus mentioned in footnote 4, the relationshipbetween the actual pressure (PR) and the 1-min pressure (P60)isasfollows:PR5 1.38 P60125.9 (2)9. Procedure9.1 Fill the containers with water or other l
30、ow-densityliquid, if such is used as the medium for applying pressure.9.2 Use one of the following test procedures, dependingupon the purpose of the test:9.2.1 Pass TestIncrease the internal test pressure at thepredetermined constant rate until a predetermined level ofpressure has been reached or ex
31、ceeded. This pass test level,usually at a pressure 50 % greater than that reasonably ex-pected under actual conditions of use of the containers, is4The Ramp Pressure Tester developed byAmerican Glass Research, Inc., Butler,PA meets the requirements for this test method.C147 86 (2015)2sufficient for
32、routine testing of samples from continuousproduction in a manufacturers plant.9.2.2 Test to DestructionWhere it may be desirable toconduct the test as a measurement test, increase the internal testpressure at the predetermined constant rate until each containerbreaks.10. Report10.1 Report the follow
33、ing information:10.1.1 Report of method of sampling (see Practice C224),10.1.2 Number of containers from each mold included inthe sample,10.1.3 The rate of increase of pressure used in the tests orthe equivalent duration if the apparatus has been calibrated interms of a constant level test, and10.1.
34、4 Results of the tests (use one of the following depend-ing on the kinds of test):10.1.4.1 For the pass test in accordance with 9.2.1, thepressure of the pass level and number of containers that failedat or below the pass level.10.1.4.2 For the test to destruction in accordance with 9.2.2,the pressu
35、re level at which first failure occurred, and averagebreaking pressure for all containers tested.11. Keywords11.1 glass containers; increment pressure test; internal pres-sure; 1-min pressure test; ramp pressure test; static pressure testASTM International takes no position respecting the validity o
36、f any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to
37、 revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.
38、Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is c
39、opyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 86 (2015)3
