1、Designation: C1504 13C1504 13aStandard Specification forManufacture of Precast Reinforced Concrete Three-SidedStructures for Culverts and Storm Drains1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1504; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast conventionally reinforced concret
3、e three-sided structures intended to be usedfor the construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water.1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C1504 has been developedC1504M; therefore, no metric equivalents arepresented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is primaril
4、y a manufacturing and purchasing specification. The successful performance of this product depends upon theproper selection of the geometric section, bedding, backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The purchaser ofthe precast reinforced concrete three-s
5、ided structure specified herein is cautioned that he must properly correlate proper correlation of the loadingconditions and the field requirements with the geometric section specified and provideprovisions for inspection at the construction site.site are required.1.3 The values stated in either SI
6、units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the as standard. No other units
7、of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A82/A82MA1064/A1064M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete ReinforcementCarbon-Steel Wire and Welded WireReinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteA185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire R
8、einforcement, Plain, for ConcreteA496/A496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete ReinforcementA497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for ConcreteA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA616/A616M Spe
9、cification for Rail-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 1999)3A617/A617M Specification for Axle-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 1999)3A706/A706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC31
10、/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC150 Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC3
11、09 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or TileC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
12、 Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
13、 C13.07 on AcceptanceSpecifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2013July 1, 2013. Published March 2013July 2013. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20102013 asC1504 04 (2010).C1504 13. DOI: 10.1520/C1504-13.10.1520/C1504-13A.2 For r
14、eferencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provid
15、e the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the st
16、andard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete2.2 AASHTO Standard:Standard Specifications for Highw
17、ay BridgesAASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification32.3 ACI Standard:ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to geometric sections, see Terminology C822.4. Types4.1 Precast reinforced concrete three-sided
18、structures manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be designated byspan, rise, and design earth cover.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the three-sided sections produced in accordance with Section 7 shall be determined by the results of theconcrete compressive strength test
19、s described in Section 10, by the material requirements described in Section 6, and by inspectionof the finished three-sided sections.5.2 Three-sided sections shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements of this specification.6. Materials6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe r
20、einforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates and water, inwhich steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C15
21、0 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of Specification C595, except that thepozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618,
22、 Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 ofSpecification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in concrete shall beone of the following:(1) Por
23、tland cement only,(2) Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,(3) Slag modified portland cement only,(3) Portland pozzolan cement only,(4) A combination of portland cement and fly ash,(5) A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag(6) A combination of portland cement, g
24、round granulated blast furnace slag, and fly ash.(7) A combination of Portland Cement, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (not to exceed 25% of the total cementitiousweight), and Fly Ash (not to exceed 25% of the total cementitious weight).portland pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.3 AggregatesAggrega
25、tes shall conform to Specification C33, except that the requirements for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and blends may be used withshall conform to Specification C494/C494Mthe approvalof the purchaser6.4.1 Air Entraining AdmixturesAir entraining will be required on all
26、 products produced with positive slump, wet-castconcrete and shall conform to the requirements of Specification C494/C494MC260/C260M.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to SpecificationsSpecificationA185/A185MA1064/A1064M orfor A497/A497M or ste
27、el wire and welded wire reinforcement, plain and deformed, for concrete.For circumferential reinforcement, deformed and plain steel bars for reinforced concrete are permitted conforming to SpecificationA706/A706M or A615/A615M, Grade 60, A616/A616M, orand longitudinal A617/A617M. Longitudinal distri
28、bution reinforce-ment mayshall consist of welded wire reinforcement or deformed billet-steel bars conforming to Specification A706/A706M orA615/A615M, Grade 60.NOTE 2This specification does not address reinforcement with prestressing strand or any other form of pre-tensioning or post-tensioning.3 Am
29、erican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.C1504 13a26.6 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrill
30、ated virgin polypropylene fibers may be used, at the manufacturers option, in three-sidedstructures as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Only type III synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specifically for usein concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be a
31、ccepted.7. Design7.1 Design CriteriaThe three-sided sections dimensions and reinforcement details shall be as required by design, inaccordance with Section 17.8 of the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. 3, 5 and 12.14 of the AmericanAssociation of State Highway and Transportation Of
32、ficials (AASHTO) LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. The minimumconcrete compressive strength shall be 5000 psi, and the minimum steel yield strength shall be 65 000 65 000 psi for welded-wirereinforcement and 60 000 60 000 psi for deformed billet-steel bars.7.2 Placement of ReinforcementThe minimum
33、cover of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement reinforcing diametershall be 1 in., in. for bar reinforcement and welded wire reinforcement for all structures up to 12 ft in span, and 1.5 in. for longerspans subject to the provisions of Section 11. for both bar reinforcement and welded wire
34、 reinforcement. The clear distance of theend circumferential wires shall be not less than 12 in. nor more than 2 in. from the ends of each section. For three-sided sectionscovered by less than 2 ft of fill, minimum cover for the reinforcement in the top of the top slab shall be 2-in., subject to the
35、provisions of Section 11. Reinforcement shall be assembled utilizing any combination of single or multiple layers of welded-wirereinforcement, not to exceed three layers or utilizing single or multiple layers of deformed billet steel bars, not to exceed twolayers. The welded-wire reinforcement on 7.
36、3 shall be composed of circumferential and longitudinal wires meeting the spacingrequirements of 7.3 and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wires extending through the three-sided section to maintain the shapeand position of reinforcement. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may be welded-wir
37、e reinforcement or deformed billet-steelbars and shall meet the spacing requirements of 7.3. The ends of the longitudinal distribution reinforcement shall not be more than2 in. from the ends of a three-sided section. The exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, and spacers used to position t
38、hereinforcement shall not be a cause for rejection.7.3 Laps, Welds, and SpacingSplices in the circumferential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. For welded wirereinforcement, the overlap measured between the outermost longitudinal wires of each reinforcement sheet or the outermost barsshall not
39、 be less than the spacing of the longitudinal wires plus 2 in. but not less than 10 in. For splices of deformed billet steelbars, the overlap shall meet the requirements of AASHTO. The outside circumferential reinforcement in the top slab shall becontinuous with or be lapped with the outside circumf
40、erential reinforcement in the sides. If welds are made to welded wirereinforcement circumferential reinforcement, they shall be made only to selected circumferential wires that are not less than 18in. apart along the longitudinal axis of the three-sided section. When spacers are welded to circumfere
41、ntial wires, they shall bewelded only to these selected circumferential wires. There shall be no welding to other circumferential wires. No welds shall bemade to the inside circumferential wires in the middle third of the top span. No welds shall be made to the outside circumferentialwires in the to
42、p span within one fourth of the span from the corners or in any location in either leg. Welding of deformed billetsteel bar circumferential reinforcement is prohibited in all cases. When distribution reinforcement is to be fastened to a cage bywelding, it shall be welded only to longitudinal wires o
43、r bars and only near the ends of the three-sided section. The spacing centerto center of the circumferential reinforcement shall not be less than 2 in. nor more than 4 in. for welded wire reinforcement or lessthan 2 in. nor more than 8 in. for deformed billet steel bars. The spacing center to center
44、 of the longitudinal reinforcement shallnot be more than 8 in. for welded wire reinforcement or more than 12 in. for deformed billet steel bars. If welds are made to Grade60 reinforcing bars, weldable bars conforming to Specification A706/A706M shall be used.8. Joints8.1 The precast reinforced concr
45、ete three-sided structures shall be produced with tongue and groove ends, flat butt ends orkey-way ends. The ends shall be of such design and the ends of the three-sided sections so formed that each section can be laidtogether to make a continuous line of sections compatible with the permissible var
46、iations given in Section 11.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materialsand water as will and admixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly-mixed thoroughly mixed concrete of such quality that eachsectionthe str
47、uctures will conform to the test and design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have awater-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weights. weights except that for concrete exposed to cyclic freeze/thawthe water-cementitious materials ratio shall not exceed 0.45. Cemen
48、titious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be addedto the mix in a proportion not less than 470 lb/yd3 unless mix designs with a lower cementitious materials content demonstratethat the quality and performance of the three-sided sections meet the requirements of this specification. Wet
49、 cast concrete subjectto freeze/thaw cycle shall be air-entrained. Air entrainment amounts shall be in accordance with ACI 31811, Chapter 4, for theappropriate Exposure Class.9.2 CuringThe three-sided sections shall be cured for a sufficient length of time so that the concrete will develop the requiredcompressive strength by the time of delivery. Any one of the following methods of curing or combinations thereof may be used:C1504 13a39.2.1 Steam CuringThe three-sided section may be low pressure, steam-cured by a system that will maintain a moistatmosph
