1、Designation: C 1564 04 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Guide forUse of Silicone Sealants for Protective Glazing Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1564; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the use of silicone sealants in protec-tive glazing systems for building construction. Protective
3、glazing includes systems designed for use in applicationssubject to natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes,windstorms and forms of forced entry such as blasts, burglary,and ballistic attack.1.2 While other glazing accessories and components areused in protective glazing, this document spe
4、cifically describesthe use of silicone sealants for protective glazing systems.1.3 This guide provides information useful to design pro-fessionals, architects, manufacturers, installers, and others forthe design and installation of silicone sealants for protectiveglazing systems.1.4 A silicone seala
5、nt is only one component of a glazingsystem. A glazing system that meets the testing and coderequirement for impact glazing must successfully integrate theframe and its anchorage, glass, or other glazing materials,protective film or interlayer and silicone sealant into a highperformance system. Comp
6、liance with code or other require-ments can be determined through physical testing of theglazing system or through computer simulation.1.5 Glazing systems using silicone sealants that have suc-cessfully met the test requirements for missile impact andbomb blast test requirements incorporate the use
7、of siliconesealants specifically formulated, tested, and marketed for thisapplication. Sealants that are commonly used today complywith Specifications C 920 and C 1184.1.6 This guide does not discuss sealants intended to protectagainst radioactivity or provide biological containment.1.7 The committe
8、e with jurisdiction over this standard is notaware of any comparable standards published by other orga-nizations.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate sa
9、fety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 717 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC 719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-meric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (HockmanCycle
10、)C 794 Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of ElastomericJoint SealantsC 920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint SealantsC 1087 Test Method for Determining Compatibility ofLiquid-Applied Sealants with Accessories Used in Struc-tural Glazing SystemsC 1135 Test Method for Determining Tensile AdhesionProp
11、erties of Structural SealantsC 1184 Specification for Structural Silicone SealantsC 1193 Guide for Use of Joint SealantsC 1394 Guide for In-Situ Structural Silicone Glazing Evalu-ationC 1401 Guide for Structural Sealant GlazingC 1472 Guide for Calculating Movement and Other EffectsWhen Establishing
12、Sealant Joint WidthD 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of ConventionalVulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 1886 Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows,Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective SystemsImpacted by Missile(s) and Exposed
13、to Cyclic PressureDifferentialsF 1642 Test Method for Glazing and Glazing SystemsSubject to Airblast Loadings2.2 GSA Standard:US General Services Administration (GSA) Standard TestMethod for Glazing and Window Systems Subject toDynamic Overpressure Loading33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Termi
14、nologies C 717 and E 631for definitions of terms used in this guide.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C24 on Building Sealsand Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 on Specifi-cations, Guides and Practices.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Publish
15、ed June 2009. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 1564 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document
16、 Summary page onthe ASTM website.3U.S. General Services Administration (GSA), 1800 F Street, NW Washington,DC 204051Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Significance and Use4.1 Guidelines are provided for the use of sili
17、cone sealantsin protective glazing. Protective glazing incorporates variousforms of glazing that are not covered in Guides C 1401 andC 1193. The requirements for a sealant in protective glazing aresimilar to the requirements for structural sealant glazing but forcertain applications such as missile
18、impact and bomb blastglazing, sealant requirements may be greater. Modes of failurefor bomb blast glazing can be different than the modes offailure for missile impact glazing.4.2 Many types of protective glazing systems are relativelynew and the test methods and standards for protective glazingare c
19、ontinually evolving. Because the demands on a sealant inprotective glazing systems are changing, guidelines are neces-sarily general in many instances.4.3 As a component of a glazing system, the sealant can bea factor in whether a glazing system meets the requirements ofa specific test method but ot
20、her factors such as the frame andglass type may be of greater influence.4.4 The designer of a protective glazing system shouldconsult with the various manufacturers of the componentmaterials. The experience and judgment of the glazing systemdesigner working with the sealant manufacturer and othercom
21、ponent manufacturers can ultimately determine whether aspecific glazing system will successfully meet a specific testrequirement.5. Introduction5.1 Protective glazing systems are designed for the protec-tion of the building occupants and general public from variousnatural and man-made occurrences th
22、at could cause injury ordamage. Natural disasters include hurricanes, earthquakes, andwindstorms, which with their high winds and wind-driven raincan cause failure to joint sealants. Additionally, flying debrisresulting from high winds can cause damage to the glazingsystem. Test methods such as Test
23、 Method E 1886 simulate theeffect of flying debris during a windstorm. Man-made occur-rences include bomb blast, ballistic attack, burglary, andvandalism. Test methods such as Test Method E 1886 and GSAStandard Test Method for Glazing and Window SystemsSubject to Dynamic Overpressure Loading provide
24、 proceduresfor the testing of glazing systems subject to bomb blast.Computer software programs such as WINGARD or WINLACmay be used to evaluate the effects of a bomb blast on a glazingsystem.5.2 A sealant can play a crucial role in retaining the glazingmaterial in the opening and thus preserving the
25、 integrity of thebuilding envelope. If the building envelope is lost due to failureof the glazing system, the building can become pressurizedresulting in significant damage to the structure, its contents andits occupants. The type of framing system, glazing material(s),and sealant are major componen
26、ts of a glazing system thatmust meet demanding test requirements and that consideredseparately may or may not have a significant impact on systemperformance.6. Sealant Considerations6.1 Depending on the specific requirement of the protectiveglazing system, the properties of the sealant can perform a
27、significant role in the overall performance of the system.Important properties to consider when selecting a sealant forany glazing system include the following:6.1.1 AdhesionSealant adhesion should be confirmed asacceptable to the components of the glazing system includingglass, glass coatings, meta
28、l, wood, plastic, film laminate, orother material to which adhesion is required. Adhesion can bedetermined using Test Methods C 794 or C 1135. The adhesionrequirements specified in Specification C 1184 should beconsidered as the minimum requirement for most missileimpact and bomb blast glazing syste
29、ms. Guide C 1193 includesa discussion on adhesion and testing that may be helpful.6.1.2 CompatibilitySealant compatibility with each of theglazing components should be verified. Components includePVB, polycarbonate or a similar interlayer of laminated glass,insulating glass unit edge sealants, glazi
30、ng and other gasketand spacer materials, and metal framing materials and factoryapplied coatings. Compatibility with gasket or other accessorymaterials is determined using Test Method C 1087. GuideC 1193 includes a discussion on compatibility and testing thatmay be helpful.6.1.3 Strength and Modulus
31、Sealant strength and modulusare very important factors in determining whether a glazingsystem will pass a specific protective glazing requirement. Asealant with an ultimate tensile strength that is too low may notbe able to support the glazing through a specific missile impactor bomb blast test requ
32、irement. As a guide, the strength andmodulus requirements identified in Specification C 1184should be followed. For some applications, such as encoun-tered in certain bomb blast test requirements, these strengthand modulus requirements may not be high enough and ahigher strength structural silicone
33、will be required. Sincecertain high modulus sealants have lower movement capability,considerations should be made to ensure that annual movementon the sealant joint does not exceed the movement capability ofthe sealant.6.1.4 Tear Characteristics and FatigueAlong withstrength and modulus, the ability
34、 of a sealant to withstand thecyclic loading of certain protective glazing test methods isimportant. Tear strength as determined by Test Method D 624can be useful in determining whether a sealant can withstandthe impulse load of a blast test or the cyclic loading of a missileimpact test. The ability
35、 of a sealant to withstand the fatigueassociated with cyclic loading is an important considerationthat may deem a sealant appropriate for missile impactapplications.6.1.5 DurabilitySealant durability is important in protec-tive glazing. A sealant used in protective glazing is subject toa broad range
36、 of environmental factors including: Temperaturecycling, solar radiation exposure, moisture from the environ-ment or condensation, ozone, and airborne pollutants. Thesefactors can cause premature failure of certain sealant types.Guide C 1193 includes a discussion on sealant durability andtesting.6.1
37、.6 Movement CapabilityThe movement capability of asealant is important if the sealant also serves as a weathersealin a protective glazing system. Consideration of a sealantsmovement capability is important for a glazing system toC 1564 04 (2009)2remain watertight and function as intended. Environmen
38、talthermal cycling and other framing system movements mayimpact the ability of a sealant to perform as a weatherseal.Sealant joint design is important in determining if a sealant canperform as for a weatherseal. Test Method C 719 should beused to determine movement capability of a sealant. GuidesC 1
39、193 and C 1472 should be used to determine proper sealantjoint design.7. Design Considerations7.1 Currently there are no industry-accepted standards forthe design of sealant joints in protective glazing systems. Theconsiderations discussed below are based on findings fromactual tests of protective g
40、lazing systems according to TestMethods E 1886, F 1642, and GSA Standard Test Method forGlazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings.Unlike structural glazing where joint dimensions can becalculated and precisely determined, this capability does notexist for the design of joints in prote
41、ctive glazing systems.Variables such as glass type and dimension, laminate type,framing system, anchoring, applied loads, and other factorswill all have an impact on the performance of the sealant jointin a protective glazing system.7.2 Applied LoadsProtective glazing that is designed toresist bomb
42、blast criteria must also be designed to resist otherlateral loads such as those required by the local building code,which usually include lateral wind loads and seismic events.For example, sometimes the design requirements for protectiveglazing to resist a bomb blast can differ from those for anappl
43、ied lateral load from the local wind environment. Glass ora glass composite product with the necessary strength anddeflection characteristics for a protective glazing system, whendesigned for bomb blast resistance, may not have the necessarystrength and deflection characteristics to resist a buildin
44、g codeor laboratory test determined wind load. The designer of aprotective glazing system may have to consider both bombblast and wind load requirements. Doing so may change thedesign requirements for at least the glazing product, glazingsealant joint, glazed opening metal framing, and framinganchor
45、age requirements from those solely required for resistinga bomb blast.7.3 Joint Sizing and DimensionsAs important as theselection of sealant is the geometry of the sealant joint in theglazing system. In a protective glazing system, the sealant jointmay be either structural or non-structural. For a s
46、tructural joint,the applicable requirements of Specification C 1184 and GuideC 1401 should be considered. For a non-structural application,the sealant does not act to structurally support the glazingunder the influence of a wind-load but would be expected toretain the glazing in the framing system d
47、uring the testing orduring an actual event. In this respect, the sealant does act in amanner similar to a structural sealant and the properties of thesealant and design of the sealant joint are important. Bite andthickness are two terms used to describe the dimensions of astructural joint (see Guide
48、 C 1401). These terms also applywhen describing a non-structural glazing system. The jointdesign must be sufficient to allow the joint surfaces to beproperly cleaned and allow adequate sealant application intothe joint opening. See 8.3 for a discussion of sealant curingconsiderations.7.3.1 Structura
49、l Sealant Glazed JointA silicone sealantmay be used in a structural sealant glazed system that is alsoexpected to meet certain protective glazing requirements. Atleast the bite and thickness minimum guidelines stated inSpecification C 1184 and Guide C 1401 must be met. Glazingsystems which have passed either small or large missile impacttests have bite dimensions of at least 12 mm (12 in.) and insome cases bite dimensions of 19 mm (34 in.) to 25 mm (1 in.)have been required. Other key factors affecting glazing systemperformance include glass selection, bite configuratio
