1、Designation: C1617 15C1617 18Standard Practice forQuantitative Accelerated Laboratory Evaluation ofExtraction Solutions Containing Ions Leached from ThermalInsulation on Aqueous Corrosion of Metals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1617; the number immediately following the design
2、ation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures
3、for a quantitative accelerated laboratory evaluation of the influence of extraction solutionscontaining ions leached from thermal insulation on the aqueous corrosion of metals. The primary intent of the practice is for usewith thermal insulation and associated materials that contribute to, or altern
4、atively inhibit, the aqueous corrosion of different typesand grades of metals due to soluble ions that are leached by water from within the insulation. The quantitative evaluation criteriaare Mass Loss Corrosion Rate (MLCR) expressed in mils per year determined from the weight loss due to corrosion
5、of exposedmetal coupons after they are cleaned.1.2 The insulation extraction solutions prepared for use in the test can be altered by the addition of corrosive ions to the solutionsto simulate contamination from an external source. Ions expected to provide corrosion inhibition can be added to invest
6、igate theirinhibitory effect.1.3 Prepared laboratory standard solutions are used as reference solutions and controls, to provide a means of calibration andcomparison. See Fig. 1 and Table 1.1.4 Other liquids can be tested for their potential corrosiveness including cooling tower water, boiler feed,
7、and chemical stocks.Added chemical inhibitors or protective coatings applied to the metal can also be evaluated using the general guidelines of thepractice.1.5 This practice cannot cover all possible field conditions that contribute to aqueous corrosion. The intent is to provide anaccelerated means
8、to obtain a non-subjective numeric value for judging the potential contribution to the corrosion of metals thatcan come from ions contained in thermal insulation materials or other experimental solutions. The calculated numeric value is themass loss corrosion rate. This calculation is based on gener
9、al corrosion spread equally over the test duration and the exposed areaof the experimental cells created for the test. Corrosion found in field situations and this accelerated test also involves pitting andedge effects and the rate changes over time.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to b
10、e regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof
11、 the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
12、established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A53/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipp
13、ed, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless1 This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical and PhysicalProperties.Current edition approved March 1, 2015May 15, 2018. Published April 2015July 2018. Origi
14、nally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 asC1617C1617 15.09. DOI: 10.1520/C1617-15.10.1520/C1617-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information,
15、refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all
16、 changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
17、9. United States1A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping ApplicationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal In
18、sulation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured HousingC692 Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal Insulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Tendency ofAustenitic Stainless SteelC739 Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Loose-Fill Thermal InsulationC795 Specification for Th
19、ermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless SteelC871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, andSodium IonsD609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatin
20、gs, and Related CoatingProductsG1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test SpecimensG16 Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion DataG31 Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of MetalsG46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting CorrosionNOTE 1T
21、he Fig. 1 bar graph was created using the MLCR data shown in Table 1. Standard reference tests using de-ionized water, 1 ppm, 5 ppm,and 10 ppm chloride solutions were performed on mild carbon steel coupons. The calculated MLCR test results for mild carbon steel coupons wereseparated into four ranges
22、. The rating criteria ranges were developed to accommodate the results obtained using this practice on the reference standardsand experimental insulation samples. The ranges used are: MLCR = 0 to 15 mils = range A; MLCR = 15.1 to 35 mils = range B; MLCR = 35.1 to 60mils = range C, MLCR = 60.1 and hi
23、gher = range D. The bars on the graph represent the total number of occurrences within the range for each of thereference solutions.NOTE 2It is necessary for each laboratory to develop their own data, with their own individual plate or plates, metal, operators, cleaning procedures,and environmental
24、conditions to establish the ranges of MLCR calculated for the reference standards. The insulation or other test solutions are onlyevaluated against the reference solution results run at the same time.FIG. 1 Uncertainty TestC1617 1823. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Refer to Terminology C168 for definit
25、ions relating to insulation.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The practice uses controlled amounts of test solutions delivered drip wise onto a defined area of small flat coupons ofselected test metals for the purpose of producing, comparing, and measuring the corrosion that occurs on the metals due to thee
26、xposure.TABLE 1 Mass Loss Corrosion Rate (MLCR) Calculated UsingPractice G1 (see Section 12)NOTE 1MLCR expressed in mils per year.0-ppmDe-ionizedWater1-ppmChlorideSolution5-ppmChlorideSolution10-ppmChlorideSolution19.02 35.17 57.31 62.6111.68 29.87 40.91 56.4814.04 33.00 66.76 110.5412.13 37.91 52.4
27、6 131.3512.45 29.80 16.53 52.2714.42 22.72 42.51 35.426.13 35.42 76.33 67.0113.27 31.78 111.82 57.4821.25 17.04 42.19 98.927.59 37.78 44.42 132.3512.83 32.55 53.61 61.526.70 36.12 54.25 36.4216.08 25.66 41.87 90.4419.02 14.93 54.50 95.4811.42 31.08 65.67 63.4414.81 34.21 70.46 99.639.38 34.46 42.57
28、69.6318.38 36.06 63.44 107.288.62 27.38 50.10 58.848.49 24.19 48.63 65.1012.13 15.25 55.40 64.275.36 33.70 69.12 71.294.66 32.10 39.06 78.375.55 35.04 43.21 88.526.57 22.98 41.93 30.575.87 39.44 36.76 39.257.21 35.04 25.66 50.936.45 34.66 30.06 128.413.45 41.48 41.68 97.522.30 41.55 29.61 98.0311.93
29、 42.70 38.74 82.849.19 33.32 38.10 105.3113.15 28.98 33.00 96.5014.10 21.38 58.27 84.5012.25 16.08 39.31 59.5512.25 17.17 40.78 45.579.96 32.42 48.25 56.804.60 34.72 23.10 63.633.70 34.02 27.19 67.012.43 33.38 35.61 48.823.32 25.66 77.16 75.761.21 33.12 30.76 48.951.28 44.04 42.575.87 37.46 42.637.1
30、5 23.36 41.613.96 28.15 61.2711.23 25.02 27.7610.02 36.83 49.2710.28 21.64 67.659.38 27.63 68.5412.25 18.51 42.449.38 40.1436.7654.1267.40Average and (Standard Deviation)9.5 (4.8) 30.5 (7.4) 48.0 (16.4) 74.6 (26.0)C1617 1834.2 The test is conducted at elevated temperatures, greatly accelerating the
31、corrosion in comparison with corrosion at roomtemperature. The heat makes the solution evaporate quickly, allowing an air (oxygen) interface and making thousands ofwet-dry-wet cycles possible in a short time.4.3 Quantitative measurements of corrosion are determined from the weight change (loss) due
32、to the corrosion of the testedcoupons. Reference tests prepared with known concentrations of solutions that are conducive to the corrosion of the tested metalare compared with water solutions containing ions extracted from insulation samples. Calculations of MLCR in mils-per-year(MPY) made using the
33、 methods of Practice G1 are reported as the quantitative measurement.5. Significance and Use5.1 Corrosion associated with insulation is an important concern for insulation manufacturers, specification writers, designers,contractors, users and operators of the equipment. Some material specifications
34、contain test methods (or reference test methodscontained in other material specifications), for use in evaluating the insulation with regard to the corrosion of steel, copper, andaluminum. In some cases these tests are not applicable or effective and have not been evaluated for precision and bias.5.
35、2 A properly selected, installed, and maintained insulation system will reduce the corrosion that often occurs on anun-insulated structure. However, when the protective weather-resistant covering of an insulation system fails, the conditions forthe aqueous environment necessary for corrosion under i
36、nsulation (CUI) often develop. It is possible the insulation contains,collects, or concentrates corrosive agents, or a combination thereof, often found in industrial and coastal environments. If wateris not present, these electrolytes cannot migrate to the metal surface. The electrochemical reaction
37、 resulting in the aqueouscorrosion of metal surfaces cannot take place in the absence of water and electrolytes. Additional environmental factorscontributing to increased corrosion rates are oxygen, and elevated-temperature (near boiling point).5.3 Chlorides and other corrosive ions are common to ma
38、ny environments. The primary corrosion preventative is to protectinsulation and metal from contamination and moisture. Insulation covers, jackets, and metal coating of various kinds are often usedto prevent water infiltration and contact with the metal.5.4 This procedure can be used to evaluate all
39、types of thermal insulation and fireproofing materials (industrial, commercial,residential, cryogenic, fire-resistive, insulating cement) manufactured using inorganic or organic materials, faced or unfaced, forwhich a filtered extraction solution can be obtained.5.5 This procedure can be used with a
40、ll metal types for which a coupon can be prepared such as mild steel, stainless steel,copper, or aluminum.5.6 This procedure can also be applicable to insulation accessories including jacketing, covers, adhesives, cements, and bindersassociated with insulation and insulation products.5.7 Heat treatm
41、ent of the insulation (as recommended by the manufacturer up to the maximum potential exposure temperature)can be used to simulate possible conditions of use.5.8 Adhesives can be tested by first drying followed by water extraction or by applying a known quantity of the test adhesiveto a test piece o
42、f insulation and then extracting.5.9 Insulating cements can be tested by casting a slab, drying, and extracting or by using the uncured insulating cement powderfor extraction.5.10 Reference tests prepared with various concentrations of solutions that are conducive to the corrosion of the tested meta
43、lserve as comparative standards. Solutions containing chloride, sodium hydroxide, various acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, andcitric acid), as well as “blank” tests using only de-ionized water and tap water are used.5.11 Research can be done on insulation that has been specially formulated to
44、inhibit corrosion in the presence of corrosive ionsthrough modifications in basic composition or incorporation of certain chemical additives. Corrosive ions can also be added to theinsulation extraction solutions to determine the effectiveness of any inhibitors present.5.12 Protective surface treatm
45、ents and coatings of different types and thickness can be applied to the metal coupons andcompared using various corrosive liquids.5.13 Several sets of tests are recommended because of the number of factors that affect corrosion. An average of the tests andthe standard deviation between the test res
46、ults are used on the data. Much of the corrosion literature recommends a minimum ofthree specimens for every test. Consult Guide G16 for additional statistical methods to apply to the corrosion data.5.14 Results from this accelerated corrosion test shall not be considered as an indicator of the usef
47、ul life of the metal equipment.Many factors need consideration for applicability to specific circumstances. Refer to Practice G31 for additional information.6. Apparatus6.1 The test apparatus must be housed in a reasonably clean and non-dusty environment to avoid any effects of contaminants.C1617 18
48、46.2 Heated Temperature Controlled Flat Hot Plate (see Appendix X1)A 1-ft (30.5-cm) square or circular plate that hasuniform temperature across the surface provides the heated environment. See Appendix X1 for construct design and sources ofassembled systems. Larger plates for testing more coupons ar
49、e not excluded.6.3 Peristaltic Pump (see Appendix X1)A multi-channel peristaltic pump with individual cassettes and silicone tubes isrecommended to supply 250 (625) mL/day to each specimen.6.4 Silicone Rubber Tubing (see Appendix X1), to deliver fluid to the test coupons.6.5 Miniature Barbed Fitting (see Appendix X1), for connections of tubing (116 by 116 in.)(0.16 by 0.16 cm).6.6 Band Saw.6.7 Balance, capable of 0.0001 (60.0002) g mass determination.6.8 Wet-Grinding Belt Grinder/Sander, with used 80-grit (a belt previously used to make Test Method C692 stainless steel
