1、Designation: C1800/C1800M 16Standard Test Method forDetermining Density of Roller-Compacted ConcreteSpecimens Using the Gyratory Compactor1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1800/C1800M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the compaction of cylindricalspecimens of roller-compacted c
3、oncrete (RCC) using thegyratory compactor to determine density.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningv
4、alues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine
5、 the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC127
6、Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC128 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)and Absorption of Fine AggregateC188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the Laborat
7、oryC1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria forTesting Agency EvaluationC1170/C1170M Test Method for Determining Consistencyand Density of Roller-Compacted Concrete Using a Vi-brating TableC1435/C1435M Practice for Molding Roller-Compac
8、tedConcrete in Cylinder Molds Using a Vibrating HammerD6925 Test Method for Preparation and Determination ofthe Relative Density of Asphalt Mix Specimens by Meansof the Superpave Gyratory Compactor3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this TestMethod, refer to Terminology C12
9、5.4. Significance and Use4.1 This Test Method is used to prepare specimens contain-ing a nominal maximum aggregate size of up to 37.5 mm 1-12in. and a Vebe consistency time, in accordance with TestMethod C1170/C1170M, of greater than 30 s for determiningthe density of compacted RCC mixtures. This me
10、thod is notintended to specify a standard compactive effort in RCCmixture design, but rather to provide a standardized method forcomparing various aggregate combinations.4.2 This test method may be used for making specimens anddetermining densities of laboratory-produced RCC mixtures.NOTE 1The agenc
11、y and personnel performing this test method shouldmeet the criteria of Practice C1077 or equivalent.NOTE 2The use of gyratory-compacted RCC specimens for strengthdeterminations is not recommended due to specimen geometry and lowL/D ratios. Research has shown a lack of correlation between compressive
12、strengths of gyratory-compacted RCC specimens and specimens preparedin accordance with Practice C1435/C1435M.5. Apparatus5.1 Gyratory CompactorAn electromechanical, electro-hydraulic, or electro-pneumatic compactor meeting the re-quirements of Test Method D6925.5.2 Specimen MoldsSpecimen molds havin
13、g an insidediameter of approximately 150 mm 6 in., meeting therequirements of Test Method D6925.5.3 Mold Plates and Ram HeadsMold plates and ramheads shall conform to Test Method D6925.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the dir
14、ect responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.45 on Roller-Compacted Concrete.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. DOI: 10.1520/C1800-16.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book ofASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02. (see C09.95 Coordination Document
15、)3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
16、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.4 BalanceThe balance shall have a capacity of at least20 kg 44 lb and be capable of reading to the nearest 5 g 0.01lb.5.5 Transfer DeviceA container such as a bowl or devicesuitable for transferring the loose mixture into the compactionmold in
17、one lift.5.6 Miscellaneous ToolsMiscellaneous equipment andsmall tools as described in Practice C192/C192M. Also re-quired are 150 mm 6 in. diameter paper disks, meeting therequirements of Test Method D6925.6. Verification of Apparatus6.1 The gyratory compactor and associated apparatus shallbe verif
18、ied and maintained in accordance with Test MethodD6925.7. Preparation and Compaction of Test Specimens7.1 Confirm the settings of the compactor. Unless otherwiserequired by the specifier of tests, initialize the compactor toprovide specimen compaction using the desired number ofgyrations or target h
19、eight, an internal angle of 1.16 degrees,and a pressure of 600 kPa 87 psi.NOTE 3Experience has shown that 50 to 60 gyrations may beappropriate for mixtures with Vebe times greater than 30 s.7.2 Prepare and machine mix the materials in accordancewith Practice C192/C192M. If compacting to a desired nu
20、mberof gyrations, adjust the specimen mass to result in a compactedspecimen having a height of 115 6 5 mm 4.53 6 0.02 in. atthe desired number of gyrations. If compacting to a targetheight, adjust specimen mass to create a given density in aknown volume.NOTE 4A volume of approximately 0.01 m3(10 L)
21、0.35 ft3ofconcrete is sufficient for preparing two gyratory-compacted specimens.Approximately 5 kg of concrete is required for a single specimen. It maybe necessary to produce a trial specimen to achieve the height requirementor target density.7.3 Inspect the interior of the mold and remove residual
22、concrete or paste if present.7.4 Determine and record the mass of two paper disks.7.5 Place one paper disk inside the mold.7.6 Place the mixture into the mold in one lift using thetransfer device, taking care to minimize segregation of themixture. Level the surface of the mixture and place the other
23、paper disk on top of the mixture. If required by themanufacturer, place the top mold plate on top of the paper disk.Place the compaction mold into the gyratory compactor andinitiate the compaction process within 15 minutes of complet-ing the mixing process.NOTE 5In most gyratory compactors, the comp
24、action process isautomatic, and is initiated by pressing a key. The compactor will applyvertical pressure, induce the angle, and begin compaction. Compactionwill proceed to the desired number of gyrations or specified height. At thecompletion of compaction, the machine will provide a measurement ofs
25、pecimen height to the nearest 0.1 mm.7.7 Record the final specimen height measured by thecompactor during the compaction process.7.8 Extrude the compacted specimen from the mold. If thecompacted specimen cannot be handled immediately, allow aresting period of 5 to 10 minutes before extruding the spe
26、ci-men. Specimens that have bulged or otherwise deformed shallnot be used for any testing purposes.7.9 Thoroughly clean the compactor and compaction moldassembly.7.10 Within 15 minutes of the completion of compaction,determine the mass of the compacted specimen with paperdisks and record to the near
27、est 5 g 0.01 lb.7.11 Compute the net mass of the specimen by subtractingthe mass of the paper disks from the mass determined in 7.10.7.12 Calculate the volume of the specimen based on theinside diameter of the mold and the gyratory-derived height ofthe compacted specimen, according to Eq 1.V 5d2h4 3
28、109(1)where:V = specimen volume, m3,d = specimen diameter, mm, andh = height of the compacted specimen at the final gyration,mm.7.13 To express the volume in ft3, multiply the valueobtained in Eq 1 by 35.315.8. Calculation of Density8.1 Determine the density of the specimen as follows:D 5MsVs(2)wher
29、e:D = density, kg/m3lb/ft3,Ms= mass of specimen, kg lb, andVs= volume of specimen, m3ft3, determined in 7.127.13.8.2 Determine the theoretical maximum density of themixture by Eq 3 by considering the percentage by mass and thedensity of each material component (i.e., aggregates, water,additives and
30、all cementitious materials). For the aggregatecomponents, determine the relative density and mass based onthe saturated, surface-dry condition in accordance with TestMethod C127 for the coarse aggregate and Test Method C128for the fine aggregate. Compute the density of each componentby multiplying i
31、ts relative density by the density of water, or998 kg/m362.3 lb/ft3, according to Eq 4.8.3 For cementitious and supplementary cementitiousmaterials, compute the density using the relative densitydetermined by Test Method C188, or obtain from the manu-facturer. Determine the density of the remainder
32、of the mate-rials according to applicable referenced standards, or obtainfrom the manufacturer.TMD 5100P1D11P2D211PnDn(3)where:TMD = theoretical maximum density, kg/m3lb/ft3,C1800/C1800M 162Pn= percent by mass of the nth material in totalmixture, %,Dn= density of the nth material, kg/m3lb/ft3, and1
33、through n = each individual component in the mixture.Dn5 RDnw (4)where:Dn= density of the nth material, kg/m3lb/ft3,RDn= relative density of the nth material, andw = density of water, 998 kg/m362.3 lb/ft3.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Project details, as directed by the purchas
34、er of testing,9.1.2 Date and time of specimen preparation,9.1.3 Specimen identification,9.1.4 Number of gyrations applied to the specimen,9.1.5 Content, in kg/m3lb/ft3, and relative density of eachmaterial component of the mixture,9.1.6 Mass of the specimen, to the nearest 5 g 0.01 lb,9.1.7 Height o
35、f the specimen after the final gyration to thenearest 0.1 mm 0.004 in.,9.1.8 Density of the compacted specimen to the nearest 10kg/m30.5 pcf, and9.1.9 Theoretical maximum density (TMD) to the nearest10 kg/m30.5 pcf.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision:10.1.1 Single Operator PrecisionBased on testing
36、 by oneoperator in one laboratory using three replicate specimens fromeach of two concrete mixtures, the single-operator coefficientof variation of density for individual determinations was 1.1 %.10.1.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionAn appropriate study forthe purpose of determining multilaboratory preci
37、sion has notbeen performed.10.2 Bias:10.2.1 Bias StatementThere is no accepted reference ma-terial suitable for determining the bias in this method,therefore, no statement on bias is made.11. Keywords11.1 density; gyratory compaction; roller-compacted con-creteASTM International takes no position re
38、specting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This
39、 standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Inter
40、national Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown b
41、elow.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 163
