1、Designation: C1825 18Standard Guide forDeveloping Specifications for Masonry Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1825; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa
2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides general guidance for developingASTM unit specification for masonry units manufactured withconstituent materials, manufacturing
3、methods, and combina-tions thereof, that are not included in a currentASTM standard.This guide shall not be construed as permitting the use of aproduct conflicting with requirements of the governing build-ing code.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, assoc
4、iated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally rec
5、ognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1072 Test Methods
6、for Measurement of Masonry FlexuralBond StrengthC1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC1232 Terminology for MasonryC1314 Test Method for Compressive Strength of MasonryPrismsC1363 Test Method for Thermal Performance of BuildingMaterials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a HotBox Ap
7、paratusC1601 Test Method for Field Determination of Water Pen-etration of Masonry Wall SurfacesD3273 Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold on theSurface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Cham-berD3345 Test Method for Laboratory Evaluation of SolidWood for Resistance to TermitesE84 Test
8、 Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of AirborneSound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions andElementsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand MaterialsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertic
9、alTube Furnace at 750CE514 Test Method for Water Penetration and LeakageThrough MasonryG154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV)Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Terminology defined in Terminologies C1180 andC1232 shall apply in th
10、is guide.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 non-traditional masonry units, nmasonry unitsmanufactured from constituent materials, methods, or combi-nation thereof, that are not included in current ASTM masonryunit specifications.4. Background of Guide4.1 Traditional masonry uni
11、ts, such as brick, structural claytile and concrete masonry units, have a long history of use aswell as broad applications in masonry assemblies. Unit speci-fications and test methods for these masonry units are wellestablished and based on historical performance, empiricalevidence, research, and te
12、sting. Applying existing unit speci-fications to non-traditional masonry units may not address allpertinent properties necessary to ensure performance in realworld applications.4.2 As manufacturers continue to innovate, opportunitiesare created for units manufactured from non-traditionalmaterials, m
13、ethods, or combination thereof, not currentlycovered by any existing ASTM masonry unit specification.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.12 on Alternative Masonry Materials and Related Unit
14、s.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. DOI: 10.1520/C182518.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
15、page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for
16、 theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.3 Non-traditional masonry units may require additionalevaluation and assessment, in addition to those required oftraditional units, to ensure t
17、hat the product is suitable for itsintended use.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide is intended to provide guidance for develop-ing ASTM unit specifications for nontraditional masonry units.The user of this guide is encouraged to review the Form andStyle for ASTM Standards as well as the reference
18、d unitspecifications and test methods. Note that not all items pre-sented in this guide are necessarily applicable or appropriate inall cases.5.2 ASTM specifications are not intended for proprietaryproducts, but rather for a class of products that multiplemanufacturers can produce, and are intended
19、to ensure perfor-mance using those constituent materials or processes.Therefore, specific attributes that only relate to a specific brandshould be avoided.5.3 This guide does not identify the complete range ofconsiderations that may be required for a masonry unitmanufactured using a non-traditional
20、material. Traditionalmasonry units possess intrinsic properties that are commonlyassociated with masonry including but not limited to strength,fire resistance, durability, thermal and acoustical attributes.5.4 Non-traditional masonry unit products may meet all thephysical property requirements of an
21、 existing ASTM standardunit specification, when tested using ASTM standard testmethods. Nevertheless, performance of non-traditional ma-sonry units is not assured since the intrinsic properties that areassociated with traditional masonry units and assemblies maynot be specifically evaluated through
22、testing for specificationcompliance. Additionally, compliance with the physical prop-erties in existing unit specifications does not mean thatnon-traditional units are in compliance with those specifica-tions as traditional unit standards are only applicable to unitsproduced with those materials and
23、 processes defined withinthat specification (refer to Appendix X1).6. Procedure6.1 Preparation:6.1.1 Review the referenced Specifications, Test Methods,Terminology standards and Form and Style for ASTM Stan-dards for general background information and required sec-tions and components. Include all m
24、andatory sections de-scribed by the Form and Style for ASTM Standards documentsduring the development of the unit specification.NOTE 1During this review, it may be determined that the product doesnot satisfy the definition of a manufactured masonry unit and is outside ofthe scope of Committee C15. I
25、n that case, developing a unit specificationunder another ASTM committee can be considered.6.1.2 The unit specification must be written in a manner toavoid contractual language.6.1.3 Consider and develop mandatory and non-mandatorysections including but not limited to Scope, ReferencedDocuments, Ter
26、minology and Ordering Information Sections(see Section 7). Modify accordingly as the specification isdeveloped.6.1.4 Select appropriate standard test methods to determinethe required physical properties. All modifications to thestandard test methods should be identified.7. Typical Sections7.1 The fo
27、llowing list of sections are typically provided in aunit specification. Depending on the scope of the non-traditionunit specification some sections may not apply.7.2 Materials and Manufacturing:7.2.1 Constituent Material(s)Define the range of constitu-ent material(s) that may be used in the manufact
28、ure of themasonry unit. Include constituent materials and any additives.There may be a wide range of materials allowed by thespecification if specific performance criteria for the unit andassemblage are defined.7.2.2 Manufacturing ProcessDefine the manufacturingprocess and the mechanism(s) that bond
29、s the materials in theunit.7.2.3 Coating or Surface TreatmentsConsideration shouldbe given to whether coatings or surface treatments at point ofmanufacture should or can be applied to the unit. The type anddurability of those coatings should be established. Thereshould be a requirement that the effe
30、cts of any coatings on theproperties and performance of the unit and the assembly beidentified and where possible, quantified.7.3 Defects and DeficienciesProvide limitations for de-fects and deficiencies that may interfere with the proper layingof the unit or significantly impair the strength or per
31、formanceof the construction.7.4 Physical PropertiesPhysical properties are an impor-tant predictor of the unit performance as well as the perfor-mance of unit assemblies. The physical property requirementsof the specification should ensure that the masonry unit andunit assemblies perform as required
32、 in use, both in theshort-term and long-term, including consideration the variousenvironments to which the unit and assembly likely will beexposed in service. Consideration should be given whetherdifferent unit classifications will be needed for different appli-cations. These unit classifications wi
33、ll likely have differentphysical properties and specifications.7.4.1 StrengthMinimum unit strength requirements maybe required to ensure that when units are placed in an assembly,it will possess sufficient strength to retain integrity for itsintended application and use. Consideration needs to be gi
34、vento whether the units are intended to be used in non-structuralfacing or structural applications, or both. Typical strengthrequirements include minimum compressive, flexural, andshear strengths. Effects of unit strengths on the structuralperformance, of the assembly must be considered includingreq
35、uired, or limits on mortar types or mortar properties shouldbe stated so that the anticipated performance. Strength maychange with unit orientation and this should addressed in thestandard.7.4.2 AbsorptionConsideration needs to be given as towhether maximum or minimum absorption requirements arenece
36、ssary to ensure adequate unit performance, compatibilityC1825 182of other materials in the assembly, and satisfactory minimumassembly performance.NOTE 2Traditional masonry unit specifications have used absorptionrequirements as indicators of various properties, such as unit quality,durability, compa
37、tibility with mortar, or combinations thereof. Some or allof these may be necessary with non-traditional masonry units.7.4.3 DensitySome traditional masonry unit specificationshave density requirements. Densities of some units manufac-tured from traditional materials are dependent on the density oft
38、he material(s) within the unit. In addition, variations in thedensity of these materials may affect the physical characteris-tics of the units. Consideration should be given as to whetherdensity requirements should be provided.7.4.4 Soundness Dimensional StabilityThe ability of theunit to remain sou
39、nd in use and to be dimensional stable needsto be addressed in the unit standard through control ofconstituents and or unit characteristics.7.4.5 Chemical CompatibilityChemical compatibilitywith of the units and other materials and components includedin the assembly, or commonly found in other const
40、ructionassemblies to which the units or its assemblies join or junctionis important and needs to be addressed in the unit standardthrough control of constituents, unit characteristics, or notes formaterials to avoid in use.7.4.6 Volume Change:7.4.6.1 Moisture ExpansionNot all traditional masonryunit
41、 specifications provide moisture expansion requirements.Consideration should be given as to whether cyclic moistureexpansion requirements should be provided.7.4.6.2 Linear Drying ShrinkageNot all traditional ma-sonry unit specifications provide linear drying shrinkage re-quirements. Consideration sh
42、ould be given as to whether cycliclinear drying shrinkage requirements should be provided.7.4.6.3 Thermal ExpansionNot all traditional masonryunit specifications provide thermal expansion requirements.Consideration should be given as to whether cyclic thermalexpansion requirements should be provided
43、.7.4.6.4 CreepNot all traditional masonry unit specifica-tions provide creep requirements. Consideration should begiven as to whether creep requirements should be provided.7.4.7 Durability:7.4.7.1 Freezing and ThawingNot all traditional masonryunit specifications have explicit freezing and thawing d
44、urabil-ity requirements (some use strength and absorption limits toensure adequate performance). Consideration should be givento whether explicit freezing and thawing durability require-ments should be provided. Ideally, freezing and thawingrequirements should be correlated with in-situ performance
45、ofthe units. In reality, this may be difficult in the time scalenecessary to allow for innovation and new product develop-ment (new products do not have decades of field performanceor testing data). Existing masonry specifications have perfor-mance requirements based on parameters such as maximumbre
46、akage, weight loss cracking requirements, or combinationsthereof. Performance requirements for non-traditional unitsmay use these performance criteria, or others more relevant tothe given unit. Consideration shall be given to whether whattype of testing best ensures adequate performance in the field
47、(continuous versus discontinuous tests, level of saturation,brine or water solutions should all be considered).7.4.7.2 Mold ResistanceNo traditional masonry unitspecifications have mold resistance requirements. The lowpotential for the unit assembly to promote the growth of moldduring service is an
48、important aspect of masonry construction.Consideration should be given to whether the non-traditionalmasonry unit incorporates materials that may promote moldgrowth. One method that can be used to determining whethera constituent material may support or encourage the growth ofmold or mildew is ASTM
49、D3273, Standard Test Method forResistance to Growth of Mold on the Surface of InteriorCoatings in an Environmental Chamber.7.4.7.3 Termite ResistanceTraditional masonry unit speci-fications have no termite resistance requirements. In regionsprone to subterranean termite infestation, the InternationalBuilding Code and the International Residential Code providerequirements on materials that can be placed in contact with ornear the ground. Consideration should be given as to whetherthe non-traditional masonry unit incorporates material that isprone to damage from te
