1、Designation: C 330 05Standard Specification forLightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 330; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates in-te
3、nded for use in structural concrete in which prime consider-ations are reducing the density while maintaining the compres-sive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in thisspecification are not intended for job control of concrete.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thesta
4、ndard. The values shown in parentheses are for informationpurposes only.1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the valuesstated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and foo
5、tnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.NOTE 1This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfac-tory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it maybe either more or less restrictive than needed for some
6、conditions and forspecial purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions,the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional designprocedures.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 29/C 29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)and Voids in AggregateC 31
7、/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggre-gates for ConcreteC114 Test Methods for Chemical An
8、alysis of HydraulicCementC 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC 142 Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles inAggregatesC 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of HydraulicCementC 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard-ened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and
9、 ConcreteC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 496/C 496M Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strengthof Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC 567 Test Method for Determining Density of StructuralLightweight ConcreteC 641 Test Method for Iron Staining Material
10、s in Light-weight Concrete AggregatesC 666/C 666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate toTesting SizeD75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates2.2 ACI Standards:ACI 211.2 Standard Practices for Selecting Proportions forStructur
11、al Lightweight Concrete33. Aggregate Types3.1 Two general types of lightweight aggregates are coveredby this specification, as follows:3.1.1 Aggregates prepared by expanding, pelletizing, orsintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite,fly ash, shale, or slate, and3.1.2 Aggregates p
12、repared by processing natural materials,such as pumice, scoria, or tuff.3.2 The aggregates shall be composed predominately oflightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material.4. Chemical Composition4.1 Lightweight aggregates shall not contain excessiveamounts of deleterious substances, as determi
13、ned by thefollowing limits:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.21 on Lightweight Aggregates and Concrete.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2005. Published January 2006. Originallyap
14、proved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 330 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM we
15、bsite.3Available from American Concrete Institute, PO Box 9094, Farmington Hills,MI 48333.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.1 Organic Impurities (Test Method C 40)Lightweightaggregates that, upon being subjected to
16、test for organicimpurities, produce a color darker than the standard shall berejected, unless it is demonstrated that the discoloration is dueto small quantities of materials not harmful to the concrete.4.1.2 Staining (Test Method C 641)An aggregate produc-ing a stain index of 60 or higher shall be
17、rejected when thedeposited stain is found upon chemical analysis to contain aniron content, expressed as Fe2O3equal to or greater than 1.5mg/200 g of sample.4.1.3 Loss on Ignition (Test Methods C 114)The loss onignition of lightweight aggregates shall not exceed 5 %.NOTE 2Some aggregates may contain
18、 carbonates or water of hydra-tion that contribute to loss on ignition but may not affect the quality of theproduct. Therefore, when evaluating an aggregate, consideration should begiven to the material characteristics that cause the ignition loss.5. Physical Properties5.1 Lightweight aggregate unde
19、r test shall meet the follow-ing requirements:5.1.1 Clay Lumps and Friable ParticlesThe total amountof clay lumps and friable particles shall not exceed 2 % by drymass.5.1.2 GradingThe grading shall conform to the require-ments shown in Table 1.NOTE 3The surfaces of pyro-processed lightweight aggreg
20、ate par-ticles finer than 75 m (No. 200) sieves are not deleterious and may bemoderately pozzolanic.5.1.3 Uniformity of GradingTo ensure reasonable unifor-mity in the grading of successive shipments of lightweightaggregate, fineness modulus shall be determined on samplestaken from shipments at inter
21、vals stipulated by the purchaser. Ifthe fineness modulus of the aggregate in any shipment differsby more than 7 % from that of the sample submitted foracceptance tests, the aggregate in the shipment shall berejected, unless the supplier demonstrates that it will produceconcrete of the required chara
22、cteristics.5.1.4 Loose Bulk Density (Test Method C 29/C 29M)Thedry loose bulk density of lightweight aggregates shall conformto the requirements shown in Table 2 using a 14 L (12 cubicfoot) measure.5.1.5 Uniformity of Loose Bulk DensityThe dry loosebulk density of lightweight aggregate shipments sam
23、pled andtested, shall not differ by more than 10 % from that of thesample submitted for acceptance tests, and shall not exceed thelimits in Table 2.5.1.6 Density FactorWhen specified, the density factorshall be determined in accordance with 8.10.5.2 Concrete specimens containing lightweight aggregat
24、eunder test shall meet the following requirements:5.2.1 Compressive Strength (Test Method C 39/C 39M),Density (Test Method C 567), and Splitting Tensile Strength(Test Method C 496) Compressive strength and density shallbe an average of three specimens and the splitting tensilestrength shall be the a
25、verage of eight specimens. It shall bepossible to produce structural concrete using the lightweightaggregates under test, so that from the same batch of concreteone or more of the compressive strength requirements andsplitting tensile strength requirements in the following tablewill be satisfied wit
26、hout exceeding the corresponding maxi-mum density values.CalculatedEquilibriumDensitymax, kg/m3(lb/ft3)Average 28-daySplitting TensileStrength, min,MPa (psi)Average 28-dayCompressiveStrength, min,MPa (psi)All Lightweight Aggregate1760 (110) 2.2 (320) 28 (4000)1680 (105) 2.1 (300) 21 (3000)1600 (100)
27、 2.0 (290) 17 (2500)Sand/Lightweight Aggregate1840 (115) 2.3 (330) 28 (4000)1760 (110) 2.1 (310) 21 (3000)1680 (105) 2.1 (300) 17 (2500)NOTE 4Intermediate values for strength and corresponding densityvalues shall be established by interpolation. Materials that do not meet theminimum average splittin
28、g tensile strength requirement may be usedprovided the design is modified to compensate for the lower value.5.2.2 Natural Aggregates Natural aggregates, when usedto replace part, or all, of the lightweight-aggregates shallTABLE 1 Grading Requirements for Lightweight Aggregate for Structural Concrete
29、Nominal Size DesignationPercentages (Mass) Passing Sieves Having Square Openings25.0 mm(1 in.)19.0 mm(34)in.)12.5 mm(12 in.)9.5 mm(38 in.)4.75 mm(No. 4)2.36 mm(No. 8)1.18 mm(No. 16)300 m(No. 50)150 m(No. 100)75 m(No. 200)Fine aggregate:4.75 mm to 0 . . . 100 85100 . 4080 1035 525 .Coarse aggregate:2
30、5.0 m to 4.75 mm 95100 . 2560 . 010 . . . . 01019.0 mm to 4.75 mm 100 90100 . 1050 015 . . . . 01012.5 mm to 4.75 mm . 100 90100 4080 020 010 . . . 0109.5 mm to 2.36 mm . . 100 80100 540 020 010 . . 010Combined fine and coarse aggregate:12.5 mm to 0 . 100 95100 . 5080 . . 520 215 0109.5 mm to 0 . .
31、100 90100 6590 3565 . 1025 515 010TABLE 2 Maximum Dry Loose Bulk Density Requirements ofLightweight Aggregates for Structural ConcreteSize DesignationMaximum Dry LooseBulk Densitykg/m3(lb/ft3)Fine aggregate 1120 (70)Coarse aggregate 880 (55)Combined fine and coarse aggregate 1040 (65)C330052comply w
32、ith the applicable requirements of Specification C33.The test report shall record the proportion of all ingredients andthe characteristics of the natural aggregates to ensure compli-ance with these minimum requirements.5.2.3 Drying Shrinkage The drying shrinkage of concretespecimens prepared, cured,
33、 and tested in accordance with 8.4shall not exceed 0.07 %.5.2.4 PopoutsConcrete specimens prepared in accordancewith 8.4 and 8.5, and tested in accordance with Test MethodC 151 shall show no surface popouts.5.2.5 Resistance to Freezing and ThawingWhen required,the aggregate supplier shall demonstrat
34、e by test or proven fieldperformance that the lightweight aggregate when used inconcrete, had the necessary resistance to freezing and thawingto perform satisfactorily in its intended use.6. Sampling6.1 Sample lightweight aggregates in accordance with Prac-tice D75.6.2 Reduce sample to test sizes in
35、 accordance with PracticeC 702.7. Number of Tests7.1 Tests on AggregatesOne representative sample isrequired for each test for organic impurities, staining, loss onignition, grading, bulk density, and clay lumps.7.2 Tests on ConcreteAt least three specimens are re-quired for each of the following te
36、sts of concrete: compressivestrength, shrinkage, density, resistance to freezing and thawing,and presence of popout materials. At least eight concretespecimens are required for splitting tensile strength tests.8. Test Methods8.1 Compressive Strength (Test Method C 39/C 39M)Make test specimens in acc
37、ordance with Practice C 192/C 192M and Practice C 31/C 31M. Unless otherwise specified,cure specimens in accordance with Practice C 192/C 192M orPractice C 31/C 31M, until the time of test. When specified, analternative curing method is allowed. The alternative methodshall be in accordance with Prac
38、tice C 192/C 192M or thestandard curing procedure in Practice C 31/C 31M for the first7 days, after which the specimens shall be removed from moistcuring and stored at 23 6 2 C (73.5 6 3.5 F) with a relativehumidity of 50 6 5 % until the time of test.8.2 Splitting Tensile StrengthMake 152 by 305 mm
39、(6 by12 in.) cylindrical test specimens in accordance with PracticeC 192/C 192M, cure, and test in accordance with Test MethodC 496.8.3 Density of Concrete (Test Method C 567)Follow theprocedures in Test Method C 567.8.4 Shrinkage of Concrete (Test Method C 157/C 157M)Follow the procedures of Test M
40、ethod C 157/C 157M with thefollowing exceptions:8.4.1 Prepare the concrete mixture using 335 kg ofcement/m3(564 lb/yd3), admixture (if any), and with an aircontent of 6 6 1 %. Adjust the water content so as to producea slump of 50 to 100 mm (2 to 4 in.). Thoroughly consolidatethe concrete in steel m
41、olds not smaller than 50 by 50 mm (2 by2 in.) nor larger than 100 by 100 (4 by 4 in.) in cross section,and long enough to provide a 250 mm (10 in.) gage length. Thesurface of the concrete shall be steel troweled.8.4.2 CuringTo prevent evaporation of water from theunhardened concrete, cover the speci
42、men with a nonabsorptive,nonreactive plate or sheet of tough, durable, impervious plasticor wet burlap. When wet burlap is used for covering, the burlapmust be kept wet until the specimens are removed from themolds (see Note 5). Remove specimens from the molds not lessthan 20 nor more than 48 h afte
43、r casting and store in a moistroom maintained at 23 6 2 C (73.5 6 3.5 F) with a relativehumidity of not less than 95 %. At the age of 7 days, removethe specimens from the moist room, measure for length, andstore in a curing cabinet maintained at 37.8 6 1.1 C (100 62 F) with a relative humidity of 32
44、 6 2%.NOTE 5Placing a sheet of plastic over the burlap will facilitatekeeping it wet.NOTE 6The air immediately above a saturated solution of magnesiumchloride (MgCl2) at 37.8 C (100 F) is approximately 32 % relativehumidity.8.4.3 ReportAfter storage in the cabinet for 28 days,determine the change in
45、 length of each specimen to the nearest0.01 % of the effective gage length. Report the change inlength as the drying shrinkage of the specimen; report theaverage drying shrinkage of the specimens as the dryingshrinkage of the concrete.8.5 Test for Popout MaterialsPrepare concrete specimensfor the te
46、st for popout materials as described in method forpreparation of samples for shrinkage of concrete. Cure andautoclave the specimens in accordance with Test MethodC 151. Visually inspect the autoclaved specimens for thenumber of popouts that have developed on the surface. Reportthe number of popouts
47、per specimen.8.6 Test for Freezing and Thawing Make freezing andthawing tests of concrete, when required, in accordance withTest Method C 666, with the following modification to thesection on Test Specimens and on Procedure. Unless otherwisespecified, remove the lightweight aggregate concrete speci-
48、mens from moist curing at an age of 14 days and allow to dryin air for another 14 days exposed to a relative humidity of 506 5 % and a temperature of 23 6 2 C (73.5 6 3.5 F). Thensubmerge the specimens in water for 24 hours, prior to thefreezing and thawing test.8.7 Grading (Test Method C 136)Follow
49、 the proceduresof Test Method C 136, except that the mass of the test samplefor fine aggregate shall be in accordance with Table 3. The testsample for coarse aggregate shall consist of 2830 cm3(0.1 ft3)TABLE 3 Mass of Sieve Test Sample for Fine LightweightAggregatesNominal Bulk Density (Loose) of AggregateMass of TestSample, gkg/m3lb/ft380240 515 50240400 1525 100400560 2535 150560720 3545 200720880 4555 250880 1040 5565 30010401120 6570 350C330053or more of the material used for the deter
