1、2004年 11月口译二级实务真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets b
2、egin. 1 下面你将听到联合国秘书长接受有关奖项的一段讲话。 Mr. Chairman, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, I should like, first of all, to once again thank the Norwegian Nobel Committee for the award they have made to the United Nations Peace-Keeping Operations. Their decision has been acclaimed all over the world. I take
3、this opportunity also to express once again my deep gratitude to the countries, which have contributed troops or provided logistical support to these operations. It is to their willing cooperation that we owe the success of this great experiment in conflict control. Peacethe word evokes the simplest
4、 and most cherished dream of humanity. Peace is, and has always been, the ultimate human aspiration. And yet our history shows that while we speak incessantly of peace, our actions tell a very different story. Peace is an easy word to say in any language. As Secretary-General of the United Nations,
5、I hear it so frequently from so many different mouths and different sources, that it sometimes seems to me to be a general incantation more or less deprived of practical meaning. What do we really mean by peace? Human nature being what it is, peace must inevitably be a relative condition. The essenc
6、e of life is struggle and competition, and to the extent perfect peace is an almost meaningless abstraction. Struggle and competition arc stimulating, but when they degenerate into conflict they are usually both destructive and disruptive. The aim of political institutions like the UN is to draw the
7、 line between struggle and conflict and to make it possible for nations to stay on the right side of the line. Peace-keeping operations are one very practical means of doing this. What we are trying to create in the UN is a world where nations recognize at the same time the ultimate futility of war
8、and the collective responsibility that men and women everywhere share for ensuring a decent future. All human experience seems to show that in international, as in national, affairs, rule of law is an essential objective for any society wishing to survive in reasonable conditions. We now recognize t
9、hat all humanitythe whole population of this planethas in many respects become, through the revolutionary force of technological and other changes, a single society. The evolution of international law and international authority may well be decisive in determining whether this global society is goin
10、g to survive in reasonable conditions. In a larger perspective, we must work towards a time when war will cease to be an acceptable option of national policy or a possible means of settling disputes, and when a reliable international system will take its place. From this perspective, the development
11、 of international peace-keeping has an essential place, just as the concept of a civil police was essential to the development of rule of law within nation states. I hope that the attention now being given to peace-keeping, which is symbolized by the award of the Nobel Peace Prize, will not only str
12、engthen our capacity to conduct the affairs of nations but also stimulate a wider effort to consider the new means and the new institutions needed to ensure a better common future. Thank you. 2 下面你将听到外国媒体就中国艾滋病问题的一段评论。 HIV/AIDS is now recognized clearly as a growing threat to China. According to off
13、icial Chinese estimates, China now has approximately 840,000 persons infected with HIV. As of the end of 2003, only 62,159 persons had been tested and officially confirmed to be HIV-positive. The remaining HIV-positive persons in China, estimated at 780,000 persons or more, are not known to public h
14、ealth authorities, and the individuals themselves probably do not know their status, posing significant risks for the further spread of HIV. Senior Chinese officials, as well as international experts operational in China, now assert that HIV is steadily moving from source population such as injectin
15、g drug users and commercial sex workers into the general population. However, China has made important advances in outlook, policy and resource commitments. New leaders have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to addressing HIV/AIDS in particular. China has in
16、itiated a more proactive response to the HIV/AIDS challenge, including a national treatment and care program. New policy guidelines promote “four frees and one care“: free drug treatment for poor citizens, free testing and counseling for poor citizens, free treatment to prevent mother-to-child trans
17、mission of HIV, free schooling for AIDS orphans, and care for families affected by HIV/AIDS. Senior leaders have committed to implementing harm reduction strategies, including condom-promotion, needle exchange, and methadone substitution therapy for drug addicts. Formidable challenges lie ahead. In
18、spite of many positive developments, daunting challengespolitical, technical, and normativelie ahead for China to combat HIV/AIDS. It is difficult to overstate the scale and challenges in terms of planning, costs, logistics, human resources, technical capacity, and the pervasive problems posed by st
19、igma. Weak and incomplete national HIV testing and surveillance system, debilitated and dysfunctional public health system, particularly in rural areas, serious lack of qualified personnel and the necessary equipment and technologies to properly diagnose, counsel, treat, monitor and care for HIV/AID
20、S, just to name a few. US-based commentators have suggested that success in addressing HIV/AIDS in China will require continued high-level leadership, both in China and internationally. For engaged US policymakers, as well as country leaders and heads of international organizations, priority should
21、lie in near-to medium-term steps which sustain Chinese leaderships focus on HIV/AIDS and public health. Chinas formidable structural and organizational weaknesses must be addressed systematically. Failure to implement a more strategically coordinated plan risks the loss of inter national support ove
22、r time. Prevention and awareness should receive higher priority in Chinas strategic national plan to combat HIV/AIDS. And human resources development, through education and training of medical professionals, is crucial. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the foll
23、owing passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 下面你将听到一段关于中国法制建设的讲话。 当今是法行天下的时代。国运之兴盛，政治之昌明，社会之稳定，经济之发展，民族之团结，文化之繁荣，人民之安居乐业，都离不开法律之维系和法律之保障。中国也不例外
24、。一个国家采取什么样的治国方略，关系着国家的前途和命运， 20世纪末，拥有十二亿人口的中国向全世界宣示了它的治国方略 依法治国，并在此道路上迈出了坚实的步伐：一个适应社会主义市场经济的法律体系正在发育成熟；一个转变政府职能，严格依法行政的变革正在有序进行：一场围绕 公正与效率的司法体制改革正在不断深化，一项把法律交给亿万人民的宏大社会工程正在深入持久地进行。 诸位知道，实现经济发展，宪法是最重要最根本的法律保障。新中国成立初期，对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业完成社会主义改造后，公有制成了主要所有制模式，私有经济没有合法的地位，计划经济成了主要的经济体制模式，企业自身没有经营的自主权；按劳分配成
25、了主要的分配模式，公民没有按劳分配收入外的其他收入。在这种经济制度下，中国的经济发展非常缓慢。 1978年，中国开始实行改革开放。 1988年，中国对现行宪法进行第 一次修正，确认了私有经济的合法地位； 1993年，中国对现行宪法又进行了修正，明确国家实行社会主义市场经济。宪法的变革，促进了公有经济和私有经济的共同发展，促进了国家综合国力的增强和人民生活的改善，给中国的政治、经济、社会生活带来了深刻变革。 4 下面你将听到一段回忆邓小平同志的发言。 上个世纪 70年代末，我参加了第四次全国文代会，大会上小平同志致辞时获得的长时间的热烈掌声给我留下了极深的印象。这次大会是文艺界经历十年浩劫后的第
26、 次盛会，也是小平同志复出后第一次代表党中央、国务院同广大文艺 工作者见面。 1960年的第三次文代会后，文艺界一直处于 “多事之秋 ”。由于林彪、 “四人帮 ”推行极 “左 ”路线，许多有杰出贡献的作家、艺术家相继被打成 “走资派 ”或 “反动权威 ”，受到打击，有的被迫害致死。许多本来优秀的作品或正确的理论观点，被扣上 “毒草 ”的帽子，受到批判清剿。经过十多年的折腾，文艺界已经溃不成军了。 小平同志的 “致辞 ”就是代表中央对文艺界重新估价，也是来为文艺工作者鼓劲的。我记得，小平同志一走到讲台，全场就响起雷鸣般的掌声。此后在小平同志的整个讲话里，全场一次次地响起热烈的、暴风雨 般的掌声。
27、 记得很多年前，塔斯社在发表苏联领导人讲话时，在每个段落之后都要用括号标明 “掌声 ”、 “热烈掌声 ”、 “暴风雨般的掌声 ”、 “雷鸣般的掌声 ”，来表现演讲效果。后来听说，有些不完全符合事实。但是，用这些词形容小平同志的讲话，确实是一点也不过分，那些掌声确实是非常真诚和由衷的。 2004年 11月口译二级实务真题试卷答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start inte
28、rpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1 【正确答案】 主席先生，各位使节，女士们，先生们： 首先我要再次感谢挪威诺贝尔奖委员会决定颁奖给联合国维 持和平行动。他们的决定受到了全世界的欢迎。我还要借此机会向那些为维和行动派遣部队或提供后勤支援的国家表示深切的谢意。我们要把这种成功遏止冲突的伟大实验归功于他们的自愿合作。 和平，这个词唤起了对
29、人性最朴素、最珍爱的梦想。和平现在是，而且始终是人类最热切的渴望。然而我们的历史却表明，当我们喋喋不休地谈论和平时，我们的行动却在讲述着完全不同的故事。和平在任何语言中都是一个很上口的词。作为联合国秘书长，我从不同的语言中和不同的地方经常听到它，以至于有时在我看来，这个词多多少少变成了没有真实意义的口头禅。 我们所说的和平到底意味着什么 ?依人性本来的样子，和平必定只是一种相对状态。生命的本质是斗争和竞争。在某种程度上，纯粹的和平几乎是毫无意义的抽象。斗争和竞争是激动人心的，但如果它发展成为冲突，常会具有毁灭性和扰乱性。建立联合国这类政治机构的目的就是要划定斗争和冲突的界线，使各国能站在正确的
30、一边。维和行动就是达到这样日标的实际手段。 我们在联合国正努力建立的是这样一个世界：在那里，各国都认识到战争最终于事无补，同时世界各地的男男女女为确保人类的美好未来共同承担了集体责任。所有人类经验都表明，在国 际事务中，正如在国内事务中，任何想在理性状态下生存的社会都会把法治作为至关重要的目标。我们现在认识到，在技术和其他革命性变革的推动下，整个人类，这个星球上的全部人口，已组成了一个单一的社会。国际法和国际权威的演变或许决定着这个全球社会能否在理性状态下生存。 从广泛的角度看，我们必须为这样的时刻而工作：到那时，战争将不再是一种可接受的国策选择或解决争端的可行手段；到那时，一个可靠的国际体系
31、将会取而代之。由此看来，国际维和事业的发展占有至关重要的地位，正如民事警察对民族国家内部的法治建设占有至关重要的地 位一样。我希望对维和事业给予的关注 其标志是此次诺贝尔奖的颁发 不仅能增强我们处理国际事务的能力，还将激发更加广泛的努力来思考：我们应采取什么样的新手段和建立什么样的新机构来创建我们更美好的未来。 【试题解析】 本文是关于世界和平的演讲。文章深入探讨了世界和平问题，描述了未来工作的方向。本文要求应试者具有一定国际政治方面的专门知识，掌握某些国际机构的名称，这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符
32、合汉语习惯 。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 2 【正确答案】 当前在中国，艾滋病毒和艾滋病被视为正在上升的一大威胁。据中国官方估计，中国已有约 84万人感染了艾滋病毒。但截止 2003年底，仅有62159人经检查确诊为艾滋病毒阳性，其余 780000或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。中国资深官员和在华国际专家都认为，艾滋病毒在中国正从一些特定群体，如注射吸毒人 员和卖淫人员，向普通人群扩散。 不过，中国在观念、政策和资源投入方面已取得了重要
33、的进步。新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。中国对艾滋病问题做出了更加积极的反应，包括了实行全国性的救治计划。新的方针鼓励 “四免一关怀 ”，即对贫困患者药品免费，检查和治疗免费，防止母婴传染治疗免费，艾滋病孤儿上学免费，以及关怀感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病的家庭等。中国的高级领导人还承诺执行减轻危害的政策，比如鼓励吸毒者使用安全套，针具以旧换新，以及进行美莎酮替代疗法等。 严峻的挑战还在 前面，尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治，技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之
34、大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。这里仅举几例：脆弱和不完整的全国性艾滋病毒检查和监测系统，破败而难以发挥作用的公共卫生系统，特别在农村地区，以及在为艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染者提供正常的诊断、咨询、救治、监测和照顾方面严重缺少合格工作人员，必要的设备和技术。 在美国的评论家认为，解决好中国的艾滋病问题，需要中国国内和国际上的 高层继续发挥领导作用。关心此事的美国决策人士，各国领导人和国际组织的负责人应把制订近期和中期措施作为工作重点，促使中国领导层继续关注艾滋病毒、艾滋病和公共卫生问题。中国巨大的结构和组织缺陷必须系统地加以整顿。如果不能执行一项策略上更加协调的计划将可能随着时间的推移失去国际
35、上对它的支持。预防和宣传应在中国的抗击艾滋病毒和艾滋病的全国计划中处在更明显的地位。而通过教育和医疗专业人员的训练而开展人力资源的开发更是十分重要的。 【试题解析】 本文是关于中国艾滋病问题的评论，内容涉及中国艾滋病的现状和对 策。本文要求应试者具有一定医学方面的专门知识，这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合汉语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 poi
36、nts, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 【正确答案】 Todays world is based on rule of law. The prosperity of
37、a nation, the flourishing of its political life, the stability of its society, the development of its economy, the unity of its ethnic communities, the thriving of its culture and the well-being and happiness of its people, all hinge on the maintenance of law and order and the integrity of the legal
38、 system. China is no exception. What a nation adopts for its national strategy will have a lot to do with its future and destiny. Towards the end of 20th century, China, a country of 1.2 billion people, made it clear to the world that it would run the country in accordance with law, and has since ta
39、ken solid steps forward along this path. A system of laws that meets the needs of the socialist market economy is taking shape. A reform that transforms the functions of government and makes administration more strictly law-based is under way in an orderly fashion. A judicial restructuring that aims
40、 to ensure greater justice and efficiency is deepening steadily. And a grand social campaign that educates the hundreds of millions in the importance of the law is proceeding into greater depth. As you know, the constitution of a country is the most important and most fundamental legal guarantee for
41、 its economic development. In the early years of New China, public ownership emerged as the dominant form of ownership after the socialist transformation of agriculture, handcraft and capitalist industry and commerce, and the private ownership had no lawful status. Planned economy became the dominan
42、t mode of the economy, and enterprises had no right to operate their businesses independently. Distribution according to work became the dominant mode of distribution, and citizens had no income from other sources. Under such an economic system, Chinas economy developed at a snails pace. In 1978, Ch
43、ina launched its reform and opening up program. In 1988, the country amended its constitution for the first time, recognizing the lawful status of the private economy. In 1993, it amended the constitution again, making it clear that the state practiced the socialist market economy. These amendments
44、have promoted both the public and private sectors of the economy, boosted Chinas comprehensive national strength, improved the quality of life of its people, and brought profound changes to Chinas political, economic and social life. 【试题解析】 本文主要讨论中国法制建设，深入分析了中国法制建设的思路，说明了法制建设的过程和展望。本文要求应试者具有相关中国政治方面
45、的概念常识，能够正确理解并翻译某些术语，这些知识构成基本素质的考查点。此外，应试者还需根据英语语言习惯，重新整理中文句子结构，在此基础上，应试者要灵活处理对某些单词或短语的翻译，使之不仅正确，还应符合上下文语境的要求。 4 【正确答案】 Towards the end of the 1970s, I attended the 4th National Conference on Culture and Art Work. The long and enthusiastic ovation Comrade Deng Xiaoping received during his speech left
46、 a deep impression on me. This was the first culture and art gathering after the disastrous decade of “cultural revolution“, and also Dengs first meeting with the countrys culture and art workers on behalf of the Party Central Committee and the State Council after his latest “comeback“. After the 3r
47、d national conference in 1960; Chinas culture and art circles had been under the grips of “bad luck“. Lin Biao and the “Gang of Four“, in their push for the extremist “Left“ line, turned many gifted writers, mists into “capitalist roaders“ and “reactionary authority“, brutalizing them, even killing
48、some of them. Many otherwise good works of art or correct theoretical propositions were castigated as “poisonous weeds“. The decade left behind a terrible ruin in Chinas culture and art. Dengs speech at the conference represented the rehabilitation of Chinas culture work. It was also a morale booste
49、r to the culture and art workers. I remember that as Xiaoping approached the podium, a big round of thunderous applause was heard in the auditorium. And as he went on, his speech was interrupted again and again by warm and thunderous applauses. I remember many years ago when TASS reported on Soviet leaders speeches, it would mark the end of every paragraph with bracketed “applause“, “warm applause“, “tumultuous applause“, “thunderous applause“ or other descriptions to highlight the result. They were not exactly truthful as I learned later. B
