1、2006年北京大学考博英语真题试卷（精选）及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The nuclear family _ a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children. （ A） refers to （ B） defines （ C） describes （ D） devotes to 2 Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elder
2、ly Americans are _ by social isolation and loneliness. （ A） reproached （ B） favored （ C） plagued （ D） reprehended 3 In addition to bettering group and individual performance, cooperation _ the quality of interpersonal relationship. （ A） ascends （ B） compels （ C） enhances （ D） prefers 4 In the past 5
3、0 years, there _ a great increase in the amount of research on the human brain. （ A） was, did （ B） has been, to be done （ C） was, doing （ D） has, been, done 5 “I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _ We told you not to eat at a restaurant. Youd better _ at home when you are not in the shape
4、.“ （ A） to throw up. to eat （ B） throwing up. eating （ C） to throw up. eat （ D） throwing up. eat 6 Parents have to show due concerns to their childrens creativity and emotional out-put; otherwise what they think beneficial to the kids might probably _ their enthusiasm and aspirations. （ A） hold back
5、 （ B） hold to （ C） hold down （ D） hold over 7 According to psychoanalysis, a persons attention is attracted _ by the intensity of different signals _ by their context, significance, and information content. （ A） not less than.as （ B） as.just as （ C） so much, as （ D） not so much, as 8 They moved to P
6、ortland in 1998 and lived in a big house, _ to the south. （ A） the windows of which opened （ B） the windows of it opened （ C） its windows opened （ D） the windows of which opening 9 The lady who has _ for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out to be a distant relation of his. （ A） put him
7、 up （ B） put him out （ C） put him on （ D） put him in 10 Bystanders, _, _ as they walked past lines of ambulances. （ A） bloody and covered with dust, looking dazed （ B） bloodied and covered with dust, looked dazed （ C） bloody and covered with dust, looked dazed （ D） bloodied and covered with dust, lo
8、oking dazed 11 Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks, the Government insisted yesterday, as the US _ closed for an apparent security review. （ A） Consultation （ B） Constitution （ C） Consulate （ D） Consular 12 American fans have selected Yao in a vote for the All-Star game _ the legendary ONe
9、al, who _ the “Great Wall“ at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers. （ A） in head of, ran on （ B） in head of, ran into （ C） ahead of, ran onto （ D） ahead of, ran into 13 Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formats and the experti
10、se to retrieve materials trapped in _ computers. （ A） abstract （ B） obsolete （ C） obstinate （ D） obese 14 She always prints important documents and stores a backup set at her house. “I actually think theres something about the _ of paper that feels more comforting,“ she said. （ A） tangibility （ B） t
11、angledness （ C） tangent （ D） tantalization 15 “They said what we always knew,“ said an administration source, _. （ A） he asked not to be named （ B） who asked not to be named （ C） who asked not be named （ D） who asked not named 16 In Germany, the industrial giants Daimler Chrysler and Siemens recentl
12、y _ their unions into signing contracts that lengthen work hours without increasing pay. （ A） muscled （ B） moved （ C） mushed （ D） muted 17 He argues that the policy has done little to ease joblessness, and has left the country _. （ A） energized （ B） enervated （ C） nerved （ D） enacted 18 The more peo
13、ple hear his demented rants, the more they see that he is a terrorist _. （ A） who is pure and simple （ B） being pure and simple （ C） pure and simple （ D） as pure and simple 19 This expansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service and to a rapid and terrible _ in the character of
14、 the population. （ A） determination （ B） deterioration （ C） desolation （ D） desperation 20 _ a declining birth rate, there will be an over-supply of 27, 000 primary school places by 2010, _ leaving 35 schools idle. （ A） Coupled with, equals to （ B） Coupling with, equivalent to （ C） Coupled with, equ
15、ivalent to （ D） Coupling with, equals to 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 The Hero My mothers parents came from Hungary, but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany. Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages, he was most comfortable in Germ
16、an. Every morning, be, fore going to his office, he read the German language newspaper, which was American owned and published in New York. My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children. He still had relatives living in Europe. When the first w
17、orld war broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle, his only son had to go, it would be cousin fighting against cousin. In the early days of the war, my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language newspaper, instead. He scoffed at the idea, expla
18、ining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper, but only an American newspaper, printed in German. But my grandmother insisted, for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German. So, he finally gave up the German newspaper. One day, the inevitable thing
19、 happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army. My grandparents were very. upset, but my mother, his little sister, was excited. Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war. She was ten years old at the time, and my uncle, realizing how he was regarded by his littl
20、e sister and her friends, went out and bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted. When the day came for him to leave, his whole regiment, in their uniforms, left together from the same train station. There was a band playi
21、ng and my mother and her friends came to see him off. Each one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag, cheering the boys, as they left. The moment came and the soldiers, all very young, none of whom had had any training, but who had nevertheless all been issued uniforms, boarded the tr
22、ain. The band played and the crowd cheered. The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers, but it soon began to move. Still cheering and waving their lags, the band still playing, the train slowly departed the station. It had gone about a thousand yards when it su
23、ddenly grounded to a halt. The band stopped playing, the crowd stopped cheering. Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station, it seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out. Someone shouted, “Its the armistice. The war is over.“ Fo
24、r a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone barked orders at the soldiers. The men lined up and formed into two lines. They walked down the steps and, with the band playing behind, paraded down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd. The next day
25、my uncle returned to his job, and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read until the day he died. 21 Where was the narrators family when this story took place? （ A） In Germany. （ B） In Hungary. （ C） In the United States. （ D） In New York 22 His grandfather _. （ A） could not
26、 speak and read English well enough （ B） knew nine languages equally well （ C） knew a number of languages, but felt more kin to German （ D） loved German best because it made him think of home 23 His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because _. （ A） it was war
27、 time and Germans were their enemy （ B） the neighbors would mistake them as pro-German （ C） it was easier to get newspapers in English in America （ D） nobody else read newspapers in German during the war time 24 The narrators mother wanted her brother to go to fight in the war, because _. （ A） like
28、everybody else at the war time, she was very patriotic （ B） she hated the war and the Germans very much （ C） all her friends had relatives in war and she wanted to be like them （ D） she liked to have a brother she could think of as a hero 24 Waking Up from the American Dream There has been much talk
29、 recently about the phenomenon of “Wal-Martization“ of America, which refers to the attempt of Americas giant Wal-Mart chain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels. For years, many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs, such as hiring temps (t
30、emporary workers) and part-timers, fighting unions, dismantling internal career ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad. While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices, theyre costly in other ways. More than a quarter of the labor force,
31、 about 34 million workers, is trapped in low-wage, often dead-end jobs. Many middle-income and highs killed employees face fewer opportunities, too, as companies shift work to subcontractors and temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and India. The result has been an erosion of one of Am
32、ericas most cherished value: giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladder over their lifetimes. Historically, most Americans, even lows killed ones, were able to find poorly paid janitorial or factory jobs, then gradually climbed into the middle class as they gained experience and mo
33、ved up the wage curve. But the number of workers progressing upward began to slip in 1970s. Upward mobility diminished even more in the 1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages. Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making it happen. Expe
34、rts have decried schools inadequacy for years, but fixing them is a long, arduous struggle. Similarly, there have been plenty of warnings about declining college access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses. 25 The American dream in this passage mainly refers to _. （ A） th
35、ere are always possibilities offered to people to develop themselves in the society （ B） Americans can always move up the pay ladder （ C） American young people can have access to college, even they are poor （ D） the labor force is not trapped in low-wage and dead-end jobs 26 Wal-Mart strategy, accor
36、ding to this passage, is to _. （ A） hire temps and part-timers to reduce its cost （ B） outsource its contracts to lower price agencies at home and abroad （ C） hold down its consumer price by controlling its labor costs （ D） dismantle the career ladder and stop peoples mobility upward 27 Which of the
37、 following statements is NOT TRUE? （ A） Wal-Martization has been successful in keeping costs at rock-bottom levels. （ B） Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impossible in the U. S. （ C） More business opportunities are given to low-cost agencies in China and India. （ D） Although people
38、 know how to restore American mobility, its difficult to change the present situation. 27 Seniors and the City Tens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban areas and fashioning their own retirement communities in the heart of the bustling city. They are looking for what most older
39、 people want: a home with no stairs and low crime rates. And they are willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings, young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants. Spying and opportunity, major real-estate developers have broken ground on urban sites they intended to mark
40、et to suburban retirees. These seniors are already changing the face of big cities. One developer, Fran McCarthy asks: “Who ever thought that suburban flight would be round trip?“ The trickle of older folks returning to the city has grown into a steady stream. While some cities, especially those wit
41、h few cultural offerings, have seen an exodus of seniors, urban planners say others have become retirees magnets. Between 1999 and 2000, the population of 64-to-75-year-olds in downtown Chicago rose 17 percent. Austin, New Orleans, and Los Angeles have seen double-dig-it increases as well. There may
42、 be hidden health benefits to city living. A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging-social isolation. In the next six years, downtowns are expected to grow even grayer. For affluent retirees, city life is an increasingly popular option. 28 Retired seni
43、ors are moving back into the city because _. （ A） they find there are too many crimes in the suburbs （ B） unlike the flats in the city, their country houses have stairs to climb （ C） they are no longer interested in playing golf （ D） in the city, they have more social and cultural life against lonel
44、iness 29 From the passage we can infer that _. （ A） the real-estate developers have broken their original contracts of construction with senior retirees （ B） a life in the downtown city is expensive, and most of those retirees who moved back into the city are very well-off （ C） with more older peopl
45、e living in the city, the city will become gray and less beautiful （ D） very soon the American suburban areas will face their low population crisis 30 Fran McCarthys question means: nobody ever thought that _. （ A） people who moved out of the city decades ago now would move back （ B） suburban dwelle
46、rs when moving back into the city must take round trip （ C） suburban flight years ago would go in circles （ D） senior peoples moving back into the city would take place all over the United States 30 (51)“Being angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men,“ new research says. The research
47、ers gathered data on more than 2, 400 accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine the patients emotional state just before the injury and 24 hours earlier, gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or hostile, and to what degree. Then t
48、hey compared the results with a control group of uninjured people. (52) Despite widespread belief in “road rage,“ anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents. (53) Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries-those neither
49、intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic accidents-also showed strong associations with anger. (54) The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men, but there were no differences by race. The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports, which are not always reliable. (55) Why anger correlates with injury is not known. “I can spe
