1、2010年 3月国家公共英语（三级）真题试卷（精选）及答案与解析 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Even today in the modem, developed world, surveys show that parents still prefer to have a
2、 boy rather than a girl. One longstanding reason why boys have been【 C1】_as a greater blessing has been that they are【 C2】 _to become better economic providers【 C3】 _their parentsold age. Yet it is time for parents to【 C4】 _again. Girls may now be a better investment. Girls get better【 C5】 _at schoo
3、l than boys, and in most developed countries more women than men go to【 C6】 _. Women will thus be better【 C7】_for the new jobs of the 21st century, in which brains【 C8】 _a lot more than physical strength. In Britain far more women than men are now【 C9】 _to become doctors. And women are more【 C10】 _t
4、o provide sound advice on investing their parentsnest egg. Surveys show that women consistently【 C11】_higher financial returns than men do. 【 C12】 _, the increase in female employment in the rich world has been the main【 C13】 _force of growth in the past couple of decades. Those women have【 C14】 _mo
5、re to global GDP growth than have either new technology or the new giants, China and India. Add the【 C15】 _of housework and child-rearing, and women probably account【 C16】 _just over half of the world output. It is【 C17】_that women still get paid less and few【 C18】 _it to the top of companies, but,【
6、 C19】 _prejudice fades over coming years, women will have great scope to【 C20】 _their productivity and in comes. 1 【 C1】 （ A） seen （ B） observed （ C） watched （ D） noticed 2 【 C2】 （ A） forced （ B） persuaded （ C） expected （ D） trained 3 【 C3】 （ A） with （ B） for （ C） to （ D） in 4 【 C4】 （ A） discuss （ B
7、） imagine （ C） think （ D） try 5 【 C5】 （ A） chances （ B） jobs （ C） courses （ D） grades 6 【 C6】 （ A） university （ B） work （ C） school （ D） class 7 【 C7】 （ A） treated （ B） equipped （ C） arranged （ D） provided 8 【 C8】 （ A） apply （ B） count （ C） develop （ D） manage 9 【 C9】 （ A） tending （ B） dreaming （ C）
8、 training （ D） demanding 10 【 C10】 （ A） courageous （ B） bold （ C） determined （ D） likely 11 【 C11】 （ A） achieve （ B） accept （ C） attract （ D） adopt 12 【 C12】 （ A） However （ B） Therefore （ C） Instead （ D） Furthermore 13 【 C13】 （ A） driving （ B） balancing （ C） compensating （ D） promising 14 【 C14】 （ A
9、） attributed （ B） contributed （ C） distributed （ D） dedicated 15 【 C15】 （ A） value （ B） profit （ C） benefit （ D） revenue 16 【 C16】 （ A） as （ B） about （ C） for （ D） with 17 【 C17】 （ A） dangerous （ B） likely （ C） natural （ D）真 18 【 C18】 （ A） get （ B） climb （ C） make （ D） arrive 19 【 C19】 （ A） unless （
10、 B） as （ C） since （ D） though 20 【 C20】 （ A） harvest （ B） gain （ C） stretch （ D） increase Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Help, Ive fallen into a sea of personal identification numb
11、ers (PIN) and I cant get out. Its my third call in as many weeks and I recognize Beths voice immediately. Im hoping she doesnt recognize mine, but its obvious by her sudden shift from warm to frosty that she does. “You probably know why Ive called,“ I say. “I can guess,“ Beth responds flatly, having
12、 dealt with my type dozens of times already today. “Password problem?“ She was right, I had for gotten it again. Like millions of others, Im stuck in password hell. With computer key chains, bank card PINs, voice-mail codes, and home alarm systems, things have spun out of control. I have 32 secret c
13、odes(that I can think of). Experts warn that the best way to protect against identity theft is to never reuse or write down your passwords and always be casual in your selections dont use pet names, or especially the names of ex-girlfriends. And its recommended to change passwords often. But come on
14、. Making it impossible for others to access your life only makes living your life impossible. Surveys indicate that most people use the same one or two passwords for everything. After all, its not easy to pro duce something casual, yet memorable. “When the information doesn t apply to anything in th
15、e re al world, its very hard to get from the brain,“ says Albert Katz, a psychology professor. Thats why some are shifting to picture passwords. Since the pictures cant be written down or shared with another person, theyre more secure. And pictures, says Katz, are easier for the human brain to remem
16、ber than numbers and letters. Better still is the day when access to everything will be just a fingerprint. But poor Beth will remain my Internet-banking savior. “All you need to do,“ says Beth, “is tell me the secret pass word you set up for security purposes. “ What? If I cant remember my PIN, how
17、 do you expect me to remember some secret word? But on my third try I guess it and am once again allowed access to my very small fortune. I thank Beth, but dont make any promises. Both of us know well speak again soon. 21 From the text we learn that the writer_. （ A） has a declining memory （ B） has
18、too many secret codes （ C） has trouble dealing with Beth （ D） has problems with his bank accounts 22 According to the text, Beth replied to the writer_. （ A） uncooperatively （ B） sympathetically （ C） considerately （ D） impatiently 23 It is recommended by experts to_. （ A） use the same one or two PIN
19、s all the time （ B） keep passwords in mind instead of on paper （ C） set up several codes for Internet-banking accounts （ D） keep both number passwords and picture passwords 24 It would be easier to memorize your PINs if you_. （ A） produce them in a casual manner （ B） use numbers instead of letters （
20、 C） relate them to the real world （ D） change them frequently 25 Which word best describes the tone of the writer? （ A） Critical. （ B） Scornful. （ C） Humorous. （ D） Matter-of-fact. 25 Identical twins are a perfect test case for theories of personality development. If a theory cant explain the differ
21、ences between identical twins, then it cannot explain environmental effects on personality. Even identical twins brought up in the same home have different personalities. Take Ladan and Laleh Bijani from Iran. They were identical twins who had spent their entire 29 years joined at the head. And yet,
22、 Ladan, the more outspoken of the pair, told journalists, “We are two completely separate individuals, we have different world views, We have different lifestyles, we think very differently about issues.“ Why did Ladan and Laleh have different personalities? Self-organized systems in insects can pro
23、vide us with some ideas. A colony of ants, for example, can be seen as a self-organized system. No supervisor tells the ants what to do, and yet all the jobs get done. The system works in such a way that if one ant carries out a particular job, it be comes less likely that another ant will attempt t
24、hat job because it no longer needs doing. The result is what economists call “division of labor. “ Self-organization also produces division of labor in human groups. Each individual looks for something to specialize in, his or her own suitable position in the group. If one position is occupied, the
25、individual will seek another. This process increases the differences even between identical twins, because once theyve chosen different specialities, a circular mechanism causes small initial differences between them to widen. Although identical twins look very much alike, people who know them well
26、will distinguish between them. They might, for example, address more questions and comments to one twin than the other perhaps by chance first. But the consequence is that the twin who is addressed more of ten will do more talking than the other twin, which will cause people who know them to address
27、 still more of their questions and comments to that twin. The result, over time, will be one outspoken twin and one quieter one like Ladan and Laleh Bijani. 26 According to the writer we learn that identical twins_. （ A） differ in personality （ B） differ in appearance （ C） have the same lifestyle （
28、D） have the same outlook 27 The ant colony is perceived to be well-organized because_. （ A） each ant has the duty to help others on a job （ B） each ant instinctively fulfills a different task （ C） a particular group of ants does a particular job （ D） a leading ant monitors the work of working ants 2
29、8 It is said in the text that the working style of ants is characterized by_. （ A） shifting roles （ B） working shifts （ C） division of labor （ D） collective efforts 29 It can be inferred that the twin s differences have much to do with_. （ A） their chosen lifestyles （ B） their respective responsibil
30、ities （ C） either physical or social factors （ D） influences from inside and outside 30 The purpose of the text is to_. （ A） entertain （ B） persuade （ C） inform （ D） argue 30 Bernard Jackson is a free man today, but he has many bitter memories. Jackson spent five years in prison after a jury wrongly
31、 convicted him of raping two women. At Jacksons trial, al though two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the times of the crimes, he was convicted anyway. Why? The jury believed the testimony of the two victims, who positively identified Jackson as the man who had a
32、ttacked them. The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the man who had really committed the crimes. Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses some times see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in
33、a lineup of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. The number of people in the lineup, and whether it is a live lineup or a photograph, may also affect a witnesss decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the po
34、lice ask witnesses also have an effect on them. Many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary people. Psychologists decided to test this idea, and they discovered that it is not true. Two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians. The psyc
35、hologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes. Despite all the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot exclude eyewitness testimony from a trial. American courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve co
36、urt cases. Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime, such as rape. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often correct. Although people do sometimes make mistakes, many times they really do identify in dividuals correctly. American courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the ju
37、dges, to determine the accuracy of the witness s testimony. It is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear, and remember what occurred. In a few cases the testimony of eyewitnesses has convicted innocent people. More importantly, it has rightly convicted a larger
38、number of guilty people; consequently, it continues to be of great value in the American judicial system. 31 Benard Jackson was found guilty by the jury because_. （ A） the victims insisted that he was the attacker （ B） the judge believed in the victims identification （ C） the police discovered evide
39、nce leading to his guilt （ D） the eyewitnesses confirmed the victims testimony 32 An eyewitness testimony is sometimes inaccurate because_. （ A） he is of the same race as the suspect （ B） he is shown photos of many similar faces （ C） he lacks the professional help from the police （ D） he has a small
40、 number of suspects in the lineup 33 Eyewitness testimony is vital because_. （ A） it can be relied on to detect criminals in all cases （ B） it is sometimes the only way to resolve court cases （ C） it is sometimes the only clue for police investigation （ D） it is more reliable than physical evidences
41、 to a crime 34 An inaccurate eyewitness testimony may lead to_. （ A） the dismissal of the case （ B） the disbelief in the court （ C） the disrespect for the eyewitness （ D） the conviction of an innocent person 35 From the text we know that_. （ A） eyewitness testimony plays an essential part in the U.S
42、. court trial （ B） police identification is more reliable than that of the ordinary people （ C） crime victims often fail to give positive identification of the suspects （ D） the jury relies more on the judge than on the eyewitness for a decision Part B Directions: Read the text, match the items (61-
43、65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 35 Erum Nadeem Your article on happiness lifted my spirits. There is one very interesting aspect to note: the eight steps to happiness listed on pages 32-33 may as well be translations of the values of our cultur
44、al tradition. If people would see our values from these aspects, there would be no misunderstanding only happiness. Sander Tideman I applaud your special on the science of happiness. However, the issue would have been more complete had it mentioned the idea of viewing economic development policies i
45、n the context of “gross national happiness“ or GNH. This concept is based on the recognition that gross national product does not accurately reflect the well-being of a nation. GNH is a bold idea with far-reaching effects. Since happiness has a scientific base, it can be developed and promoted on a
46、larger social scale. Paul Aboh Happiness is a gift, not a commodity. Even the poor have the ability to cultivate and share happiness. We can find pleasure in the small things we often take for granted a smile, a helping hand, a kiss, a wave, a pat on the back, a glass of water and a promise kept. An
47、d when you discover its source, you know it. Sometimes happiness overflows, but it never destroys. Mansoor Malik Happiness is not a product of achievement or wealth or fame. It is the reaction of our mind to the environment. Faith in the values of our long-cherished cultural tradition is a source of
48、 well-being. Happiness comes from caring for others and giving whatever we can help, hope, love, respect, sympathy or just a smile. Peter Fischer At a time when there seem to be so many reasons for being unhappy, I appreciated your special report on happiness. Surely the poorest kids in Africa who a
49、re without parents and are often hungry are the ones with the most reasons to be unhappy. What can possibly make them smile? As your article pointed out, however, we cannot wait for enough friends or a lot of money to make us happy. We have an amazing capacity to set ourselves right. Now match the name of each person (61 to 65)to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two ex
