1、2010年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 A series of border incidents would_lead the two countries to war. （ A） inevitably （ B） consistently （ C） uniformly （ D） persistently 2 When I took out my appointment book and busily_it, my client got the impression that I had a busy schedule. （
2、 A） checked out （ B） thumbed through （ C） held out （ D） put through 3 In the “New Horizon College English“ course, students must take performance tests at monthly _. （ A） gaps （ B） length （ C） intervals （ D） distance 4 A crowd of people gathered,_by the way the police officers were hitting the two m
3、en. （ A） executed （ B） intensified （ C） chilled （ D） outraged 5 He had been completely exhausted but felt considerably_after a meal and a rest. （ A） renewed （ B） recreated （ C） reshaped （ D） refreshed 6 In addition to restraining economic growth, the government was increasingly anxious to tackle its
4、 trade_, which has been a mounting concern in the European Union and the US. （ A） maximum （ B） balance （ C） surplus （ D） negotiation 7 Most small earthquakes which cause very slight_can only be detected with the help of sophisticated instruments. （ A） signals （ B） rotations （ C） passages （ D） vibrat
5、ions 8 For a solid or liquid fuel to_, some of the fuel must first be heated to the temperature at which it turns to a gas. （ A） ignite （ B） detect （ C） generate （ D） reproduce 9 Zoologists observe the way animals_with one another and their environment. （ A） interlock （ B） interlink （ C） interact （
6、D） interchange 10 The people of this new African country all treasure their_independence and are determined to build their country into a land of prosperity. （ A） hard-nosed （ B） hard-pressed （ C） hard-won （ D） hard-boiled 11 In the crowded restaurant, the man gave_to his anger by yelling at the wom
7、an sitting opposite him. （ A） rise （ B） vent （ C） way （ D） pause 12 He had a feeling that she was_avoiding him that she fared to be alone with him. （ A） deliberately （ B） erroneously （ C） gracefully （ D） reluctantly 13 That park contains_reproductions of such famous sights in China as the Great Wall
8、 and the Summer Palace. （ A） sizable （ B） minute （ C） enormous （ D） miniature 14 Each time he heard the approaching_of his mother, he would turn off the light and feigned(佯作 )sleep. （ A） accent （ B） tone （ C） fingerprint （ D） footstep 15 The issue of the death penalty is highly_in some western count
9、ries. （ A） controversial （ B） outrageous （ C） frustrated （ D） democratic 16 Like most fathers and sons, we fought; it was a cold war lasting from the_of my adolescence until I went off to college. （ A） setback （ B） onset （ C） drawback （ D） offset 17 There are laws to specify the person(s)who will ob
10、tain a dead persons_if no will exists. （ A） heritage （ B） fame （ C） estate （ D） prestige 18 She hesitated for a_of a second before accepting his challenge to a game of tennis. （ A） fiction （ B） function （ C） friction （ D） fraction 19 My seven-year-old nephew had a pair of new shoes in April and hes
11、already_them. （ A） outweighed （ B） outgrown （ C） outlived （ D） outreached 20 Shallow pools of water are liable to attract mosquitoes and other_. （ A） insects （ B） flies （ C） garbage （ D） garage 21 In the vast majority of cases, the populace(老百姓 )tends to_economic success with democracy. （ A） digest
12、（ B） distinguish （ C） assimilate （ D） identify 22 He was very intelligent, but he_the requirement for a manager. （ A） fell short of （ B） ran short of （ C） ran out of （ D） froze out of 23 The Foreign Ministry holds weekly press conferences to_reporters_the latest development in diplomacy. （ A） confer
13、. upon （ B） burden. with （ C） fill. in on （ D） adjust. to 24 He had a quarrel with his wife and just_her. （ A） became of （ B） got hold of （ C） walked out on （ D） passed over 25 For fear that a new shopping center would ruin the peace of the community, many residents _the construction plan. （ A） appr
14、oved （ B） countered （ C） defended （ D） opposed 26 The Maya civilization reached its period of greatest development about A.D.250 and continued to_for hundreds of years. （ A） thrive （ B） flourish （ C） prevail （ D） popularize 27 Having published more than a dozen papers in some first-rate journals, sh
15、e is held in high _by her colleagues. （ A） esteem （ B） evaluation （ C） estate （ D） ego 28 While some office jobs would seem_to many people, there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying. （ A） hostile （ B） tedious （ C） fantastic （ D） courageous 29 The troops were in a_posit
16、ion, completely exposed to attack from the air. （ A） eminent （ B） brutal （ C） vulnerable （ D） adequate 30 In minutes he has taken over the whole_ , lying under the sink and squinting(眯眼看 )up into the machinery. （ A） conscience （ B） restraint （ C） trial （ D） enterprise 31 The government should really
17、 pay attention to this problem which can be found everywhere and by no means_to this region. （ A） single （ B） individual （ C） alone （ D） unique 32 Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food_their cleanness toughness and low cost. （ A） by virtue of （ B） by means of （ C） at sight of （ D） b
18、y way of 33 From the living room and family auto to the supermarket and office, its impossible to escape the electronic revolution that is_the way people live and work. （ A） resuming （ B） transforming （ C） preparing （ D） seeking 34 Although family affairs are thought to be_, many public laws affecti
19、ng all of us are based on what is thought to be correct behavior of family members. （ A） complicated （ B） delicate （ C） ordinary （ D） private 35 Ronnys steps died away, and there was a moment of_silence. （ A） absent （ B） abstract （ C） absolute （ D） acquire 36 The value of the industrial_ dropped fro
20、m about 70 billion dollars to slightly more than 31 billion. （ A） outcome （ B） outlook （ C） output （ D） outset 37 We shall never be able to_ourselves truly unless we are working for the welfare of our fellows. （ A） realize （ B） spot （ C） accomplish （ D） fulfill 38 The jokes Bill told in an effort to
21、 cheer us up didnt quite_. （ A） come off （ B） take off （ C） go off （ D） get through 39 The teacher tried to explain the problem, but the explanation did not_. （ A） come up （ B） hang on （ C） get across （ D） look out 40 The court ruled that John was_in hitting the man in self-defense punished. （ A） ju
22、stified （ B） accused （ C） approved （ D） admitted 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away. But new research using
23、an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this. Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not perceived as a threat by penguins. The earlier findings have been used to partly
24、 explain me 20 per cent drop in populations of certain types of penguins near tourist sites. However, tour operators have continued to insist mat their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in pengui
25、n numbers is caused by other factors. Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans. “ A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching th
26、e nest,“ says Nimon. “First they exhibit large and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators(捕食者 )to fly in and remove eggs or chicks. “ The artificial egg, specially developed for the project, monitored both the parent who had been disturbed when t
27、he egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest. However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimons findings do not invalidate his own research. He points out that species behave differently and Nimons work was with Gentoo
28、 penguins. Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culiks research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins responses entailed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with heart-rate transmitters. Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became str
29、essed on seeing a human subsequently. 41 Previous research by German scientists has shown that_. （ A） the heart rate of penguins in Antarctica is increasing （ B） penguins are disturbed by the presence of a human （ C） the number of penguins in Antarctica is declining （ D） penguins of different specie
30、s behave differently 42 A new finding in recent research by British scientists is that_. （ A） penguins near tourist sites in Antarctica have been disrupted by the tourist activities （ B） penguin parents both take turn to guard their nest and look after their eggs or chicks （ C） penguins are not thre
31、atened by a human who approaches the nest slowly and distantly （ D） penguins abandon the nest leaving eggs or chicks unprotected whenever seeing a human 43 An artificial egg is used in the new research in order to_. （ A） observe penguins heart rates （ B） exchange for a real penguin egg （ C） monitor
32、the hatch of penguin eggs （ D） measure penguins body temperature 44 According to Nimon, the conductor of the new research, a comparison of the old and the new research reveals that_. （ A） the two researches produced contradictory but both valid findings for they were based on different species of pe
33、nguin （ B） the two researches produced compatible and complementary findings for they studied different species of penguin （ C） the old research was unreliable for it had scared penguins and changed their later behavior by fitting a monitor on them （ D） the new research reveals penguins need better
34、protection from tourists 45 According to the passage, which factor is the most important influence for penguinss heart rates? （ A） Climate change. （ B） Tourist activities. （ C） Scientific research. （ D） Not firmly known yet. 45 An organization is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the
35、right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting(招募 )the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability a
36、nd inclination to acquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection. Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in a particular organizational setting. The individual has to fit in with the work environment, with other employees, with the
37、 organizational climate, style of work, organization and culture of the organization. Different organizations have different cultures. Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a similar experience to working in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey. Poor selection decisions
38、are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman are about 20,000. The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oil rig(石油钻塔 )or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss of life. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit is
39、 likely to result in low job satisfaction, lack of organizational commitment and employee stress, which affect organizational outcomes, i. e. productivity, high rates of staff change and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i. e. physical, psychological and mental well-being. However despite the imp
40、ortance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticated and more objective selection technique available, including the use of psychometric tests, assessment centers etc. , many organizations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 minute unstructured in
41、terview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selection decision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, the interviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial “ accept“ or “ reject“ decision. Research into the validity of
42、 selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poor predictor of future job performance and does little better than more controversial methods like graphology(笔迹学 )and astrology(占星术 ). 46 The right pers
43、on for an organization should not only possess necessary skills for the job but also_. （ A） have the ability and inclination to acquire these skills （ B） own educational and professional qualifications （ C） fit in with the organizations environment （ D） possess similar work experience 47 Wrong selec
44、tion decisions will lead to the following outcomes EXCEPT_. （ A） higher training costs per person （ B） greater damage or casualties （ C） high job satisfaction （ D） poor physical, psychological and mental well-being 48 _are the best method to identify suitable employees. （ A） psychometric tests and a
45、ssessment centers （ B） graphology and astrology （ C） unstructured interviews （ D） structured interviews 49 In an unstructured interview,_will greatly determine the interviewers final decision. （ A） the candidates job satisfaction and organizational commitment （ B） the impression the candidate makes
46、in the first few minutes （ C） the questions the interviewer happens to ask the candidate （ D） the candidates capability to cope with an emergency 50 This passage is mainly about_. （ A） importance of employee selection （ B） future trends in employee selection （ C） best methods of employee selection （
47、 D） popular myths in employee selection 50 Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone, about HK $ 3,000,000 worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. As a result of this “shrinkage“ as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay highe
48、r prices. Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateur, and the people who just cant help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, can usually cope with them.
49、 The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting. The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get
