1、2011年 3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 My father was a nuclear engineer, a very academically_man with multiple degrees from prestigious institutions. （ A） promoted （ B） activated （ C） oriented （ D） functioned 2 Public_for the usually low-budget, high-quality films has enabled the
2、independent film industry to grow and thrive. （ A） appreciation （ B） recognition （ C） gratitude （ D） tolerance 3 Dirty Jobs on the Discovery Channel, an unlikely television program, has become a surprising success with a_fan base. （ A） contributed （ B） devoted （ C） revered （ D） scared 4 Pop culture
3、doesnt_to strict rules; it enjoys being jazzy, unpredictable, chaotic. （ A） adhere （ B） lend （ C） expose （ D） commit 5 Intellectual property is a kind of_monopoly, which should be used properly or else would disrupt healthy competition order. （ A） legible （ B） legendary （ C） lenient （ D） legitimate
4、6 I am thankful to the company for giving me such a chance, and I earnestly hope that I will_everyones expectations. （ A） boil down to （ B） look forward to （ C） live up to （ D） catch on to 7 The image of an unfortunate resident having to climb 20 flights of stairs because the lift is_is now a common
5、 one. （ A） out of the way （ B） on order （ C） out of order （ D） in no way 8 My eyes had become_ to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards away. （ A） inclined （ B） accustomed （ C） vulnerable （ D） sensitive 9 Despite what Id been told about the local peoples attitude
6、 to strangers, _did I encounter any rudeness. （ A） at no time （ B） in no time （ C） at any time （ D） at some time 10 In times of severe_ companies are often forced to make massive job cuts in order to survive. （ A） retreat （ B） retrospect （ C） reduction （ D） recession 11 Sport was integral to the nat
7、ional and local press, TV and, to a diminishing_, to radio. （ A） extent （ B） scope （ C） scale （ D） range 12 Unless your handwriting is_, or the form specifically asks for typewriting, the form should be neatly handwritten. （ A） illegitimate （ B） illegal （ C） illegible （ D） illiterate 13 The professi
8、on fell into_, with some physicists sticking to existing theories, while others came up with the big-bang theory. （ A） harmony （ B） turmoil （ C） distortion （ D） accord 14 With the purchasing power of many middle-class households _ behind the cost of living, there was an urgent demand for credit. （ A
9、） leaving （ B） levering （ C） lacking （ D） lagging 15 Frank stormed into the room and_the door, but it wasnt that easy to close the door on what Jack had said. （ A） slashed （ B） slammed （ C） slipped （ D） slapped 16 When I was having dinner with you and Edward at his apartment, I sensed a certain _bet
10、ween the two of you. （ A） intimacy （ B） proximity （ C） discrepancy （ D） diversity 17 I decided to _between Ralph and his brother, who were arguing endlessly. （ A） interfere （ B） intervene （ C） interrupt （ D） interact 18 “I mean Gildas and Ludens are both wise, reasonable and tactful; but naturally t
11、heyre_, they want to know whats happening, and make judgments on it all. “ （ A） indifferent （ B） innocent （ C） inquisitive （ D） instinctive 19 In Africa HIV and AIDS continue to_ the population; nearly 60 percent of those infected are women. （ A） alleviate （ B） boost （ C） capture （ D） ravage 20 By t
12、he end of the Spring and Autumn Period slave society was_disintegration. （ A） on the ground of （ B） on the top of （ C） in the light of （ D） on the verge of 二、 Cloze 20 Tomorrow Japan and South Korea will celebrate White Day, an annual event when men are expected to buy a gift for the adored women in
13、 their lives. It is a relatively new【 C1】 _that was commercially created as payback for Valentines Day. Thats【 C2】 _in both countries, 14 February is all about the man. On Valentines Day, women are expected to buy all the important male【 C3】_in their lives a token gift; not just their partners, 【 C4
14、】 _their bosses or older relatives too. This seems【 C5】 _enough. Surely its reasonable for men to be indulged on one day of the year, 【 C6】 _the number of times theyre expected to produce bouquets of flowers and【 C7】 _their woman with perfume or pearls. But the idea of a woman【 C8】 _a man didnt sit
15、easily with people. In 1978, the National Confectionery Industry Association(糖果业协会 ) 【 C9】 _an idea to solve this problem. They started to market white chocolate that men could give to women on 14 March, as 【 C10】 _for the male-oriented Valentines Day. It started with a handful of sweet makers produ
16、cing candy【 C11】 _a simple gift idea. The day【 C12】 _the public imagination, and is now a nationally【 C13】 _date in the diary and one where men are【 C14】 _to whip out their credit cards. In fact, men are now expected to give gifts worth【 C15】 _the value of those they received. What a complication: n
17、ot only do men have to remember who bought them what, they have to estimate the value and multiply it by three. 21 【 C1】 （ A） copy （ B） concept （ C） choice （ D） belief 22 【 C2】 （ A） because （ B） as （ C） so （ D） why 23 【 C3】 （ A） clients （ B） friends （ C） figures （ D） colleagues 24 【 C4】 （ A） but （ B
18、） and （ C） instead of （ D） rather than 25 【 C5】 （ A） odd （ B） good （ C） fair （ D） rare 26 【 C6】 （ A） given （ B） if （ C） but （ D） though 27 【 C7】 （ A） attract （ B） frustrate （ C） surprise （ D） touch 28 【 C8】 （ A） supporting （ B） spoiling （ C） comforting （ D） fooling 29 【 C9】 （ A） came up with （ B） ca
19、me out of （ C） came up to （ D） came along with 30 【 C10】 （ A） companion （ B） compromise （ C） competence （ D） compensation 31 【 C11】 （ A） via （ B） as （ C） with （ D） for 32 【 C12】 （ A） captured （ B） appealed （ C） favored （ D） held 33 【 C13】 （ A） documented （ B） recognized （ C） illustrated （ D） schedul
20、ed 34 【 C14】 （ A） volunteered （ B） embarrassed （ C） sponsored （ D） obliged 35 【 C15】 （ A） triple （ B） double （ C） fourfold （ D） equal 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 At many colleges, smokers are being run not just out of school buildings but off the premises. On Nov. 19, the University of Kentucky, the
21、 tobacco states flagship public institution, launched a campus wide ban on cigarettes and all other forms of tobacco on school grounds and parking areas. Pro-nicotine students staged a “smoke-out“ to protest the new policy, which even rules out smoking inside cars if theyre on school property. Kentu
22、cky joins more than 365 U. S. colleges and universities that in recent years have instituted antismoking rules both indoors and out. In most places, the issue doesnt seem to be secondhand smoke. Rather, the rationale for going smoke-free in wide open spaces is a desire to model healthy behavior. Pur
23、due University, which has 30-ft. buffer zones, recently considered adopting a campus wide ban but tempered its proposal after receiving campus input. Smoking will now be restricted to limited outdoor areas. One big problem with a total ban is enforcing it. Take the University of Iowa. In July 2008,
24、the school went smoke-free in accordance with the Iowa Smokefree Air Act, violations of which can result in a $ 50 fine. But so far, the university has ticketed only about 25 offenders. “Our campus is about 1,800 acres, so to think that we could keep track of who is smoking on campus at any given ti
25、me isnt really feasible,“ says Joni Troester, director of the universitys campus wellness program. Instead, the school helps those trying to kick the habit by offering smoking-cessation programs and providing reimbursement for nicotine patches, gum and prescription medications like Zyban. The Univer
26、sity of Michigan will probably take a similar approach when its ban takes effect in July 2011. “We dont have a desire to give tickets or levy punishments,“ says Robert Winfield, the schools chief health officer. “We want to encourage people to stop smoking, set a good example for students and make t
27、his a healthier community. “ Naturally, there has been pushback from students. “Where do we draw the line between a culture of health and individual choice?“ asks Jonathan Slemrod, a University of Michigan senior and president of the schools College Libertarians. “If they truly want a culture of hea
28、lth, I expect them to go through all our cafeterias and get rid of all our Taco Bells, all our pizza places. “ Students might want to enjoy those Burrito Supremes while they can. In todays health-obsessed culture, those may be next. 36 We can infer that the “newness“ of the antismoking policy at the
29、 University of Kentucky lies in_. （ A） its extended scope of no-smoking places （ B） its prohibition of cigarette sales on campus （ C） its penalty for bring tobacco to school （ D） its ban on smoke when people are driving 37 By setting the antismoking rules the University of Kentucky mainly aims for_.
30、 （ A） protecting students against passive smoking （ B） modeling itself on many other universities （ C） promoting the students health awareness （ D） punishing those who dare smoke on campus 38 One of the problems enforcing the ban on smoking at the University of Iowa is_. （ A） limiting the smoke-free
31、 areas （ B） tracing smokers on campus （ C） forcing smokers to give up smoking （ D） providing alternative ways for smokers 39 The word “levy“(in Paragraph 5)most probably means_. （ A） impose （ B） avoid （ C） deserve （ D） receive 40 According to Jonathan Slemrod, Taco Bell is_. （ A） a tobacco shop （ B）
32、 a school cafeteria （ C） an organic food store （ D） an unhealthy food chain 41 The authors tone in the essay is_. （ A） radical （ B） optimistic （ C） objective （ D） critical 41 The familiar sounds of an early English summer are with us once again. Millions of children sit down to SATs, GCSEs, AS-level
33、s, A-levels and a host of lesser exams, and the argument over educational standards starts. Depending on whom you listen to, we should either be letting up on over-examined pupils by abolishing SATs, and even GCSEs, or else making exams far more rigorous. The chorus will reach a peak when GCSE and A
34、-level results are published in August. If pass rates rise again, commentators will say that standards are falling because exams are getting easier. If pass rates drop, they will say that standards are falling because children are getting lower marks. Parents like myself try to ignore this and base
35、our judgements on what our children are learning. But its not easy given how much education has changed since we were at school. Some trends are encouraging education has been made more relevant and enthuses many children that it would have previously bored. My sons A-level French revision involved
36、listening to radio debates on current affairs, whereas mine involved rereading Moliere. And among their peers, a far greater proportion stayed in education for longer. On the other hand, some aspects of schooling today are incomprehensible to my generation, such as graps in general knowledge and the
37、 hand-holding that goes with ensuring that students leave with good grades. Even when we parents resist the temptation to help with GCSE or A-level coursework, a teacher with the childs interests at heart may send a draft piece of work back several times with pointers to how it can be improved befor
38、e the examiners see it. The debate about standards persists because there is no single objective answer to the question “Are standards better or worse than they were a generation ago?“ Each side points to indicators that favour them, in the knowledge that there is no authoritative definition, let al
39、one a measure that has been consistently applied over the decades. But the annual soul-searching over exams is about more than student assessment. It reveals a national insecurity about whether our education system is teaching the right things. It is also fed by an anxiety about whether, in a countr
40、y with a history of upholding standards by ensuring that plenty of students fail, we can attain the more modern objective of ensuring that every child leaves school with something to show for it. 42 It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that_. （ A） SATs is one of the most rigorous exams mentioned （ B
41、） it has been debated if children should be given exams （ C） few parents approve of the exam systems in England （ D） each year children have to face up to some new exams 43 Parents try to judge the educational standards by_. （ A） whether their children have passed the exams （ B） what knowledge their
42、 children have acquired （ C） what educators say about curriculum planning （ D） whether their childrens school scores are stable 44 To the author, the rereading of Moliere was_. （ A） dreary （ B） routine （ C） outmoded （ D） arduous 45 To the authors generation, it is beyond understanding today why_. （
43、A） teachers lay great stress on helping students obtain good grades （ B） teachers show much concern for students future （ C） parents help little with their childrens coursework （ D） parents focus on their childrens general knowledge 46 According to the passage, with respect to educational standards
44、in Britain, _. （ A） no authorities have ever made a comment （ B） no one has ever tried to give them a definition （ C） no effective ways have been taken to apply them （ D） no consistent yardstick has ever been used 47 In the authors opinion, the school education in Britain has been_. （ A） inflexible
45、（ B） irresponsible （ C） unsuccessful （ D） unforgivable 47 Suzan Fellman had a hard time with Laura Bushs redo of the famed guest quarters named for President Lincoln; “Looking at it, I thought I was in a Radisson lobby somewhere in the Midwest long ago. I could not imagine spending a night in that s
46、pace. “ Done up with Victorian furnishings, the Lincoln Bedroom is one of the residences least-changed spaces, said Betty Monkman, formerly chief curator of the White House for nearly 40 years. “Its a quasi-museum room,“ she said, “with a lot of objects, such as the bed, that have symbolic importanc
47、e. “ The elaborately carved bed bought for Lincoln is the centerpiece of the room. According to historian William Seale, the president was furious that his wife, Mary, spent so much money redecorating the White House during a time of war. He never slept in the bed, and the ornate piece eventually wa
48、s moved to a spare room. Los Angeles designer Fellman saw parallels, calling the Obama era a period of “pulling back on extravagance. “ It is a good time, she said, to revisit pieces in storage, to rearrange old furniture in a new fashion, and use paint and fabrics to bring life and fun into a room
49、without spending a fortune. In this re-imagining of the Lincoln Bedroom, Fellman would retain the legendary bed but paint the ceiling a sky blue and use a Cecil Beaton rose-print fabric for curtains. “Lincoln loved roses,“ Fellman said, “and this beige and ivory version keeps it from being too bold, modern or femin
