1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The press demands that politicians _ the sources of their income. （ A） betray （ B） conceal （ C） disclose （ D） renew 2 He was _ with attempted robbery and held in custody. （ A） accused （ B） prosecuted （ C） charged （ D） arrested 3 Was it _ the profe
2、ssor regarded with such contempt? （ A） them who （ B） them whom （ C） he who （ D） those 4 A_refers to an animal that is born from its mothers body, not form an egg, and drinks its mothers milk as a baby. （ A） mammoth （ B） penguin （ C） mosquito （ D） mammal 5 He felt that the office routine was too _ fo
3、r a man of his dreams. （ A） rigorous （ B） stimulating （ C） prosaic （ D） exacting 6 In mountainous regions, much of the snow that falls is compacted into ice. （ A） hauled （ B） compressed （ C） compiled （ D） harnessed 7 Scholars maintain that social development can easily_language changes. （ A） bring u
4、p （ B） bring about （ C） bring out （ D） bring forward 8 $50 billion might seem a lot of money, but its a mere _ in terms of what global capital markets can and do absorb. （ A） alms （ B） belongings （ C） hearsay （ D） pittance 9 The partys reduced vote was_of lack of support for its policies. （ A） indic
5、ative （ B） positive （ C） revealing （ D） evident 10 Mr. Smith became very_ when it was suggested that he had made a mistake. （ A） ingenious （ B） empirical （ C） objective （ D） indignant 11 the symphony, no one in the audience spoke. （ A） By （ B） For （ C） During （ D） From 12 In some countries preschool
6、 education in nursery schools or kindergartens _ the 1st grade. （ A） leads （ B） precedes （ C） forwards （ D） advances 13 Although the end of the term was close _, Jim had not completed all of the projects he had hoped to finish. （ A） on hand （ B） by hand （ C） at hand （ D） in hand 14 To the north of t
7、he city_a small island. （ A） lain （ B） lies （ C） was there （ D） there lays 15 Although he refused to act on my suggestion,he had to admit that_what I said. （ A） it was something in （ B） there was something as （ C） it was something as （ D） there was something in 16 Dr. Smith failed many times but he
8、finally_to find a successful way to solve the problem. （ A） broke off （ B） broke down （ C） broke out （ D） broke through 17 We can surely_all difficulties that may come up. （ A） get on （ B） come over （ C） get over （ D） come across 18 The appeal to the senses known as _ is especially common in poetry.
9、 （ A） imaginative （ B） imaginable （ C） ingenious （ D） imagery 19 As the Cup Final was drawing closer, the injury of the best player was a _ for the whole team. （ A） misdemeanor （ B） mistrust （ C） misfortune （ D） mischief 20 Antiwar champion Rep. John Murtha wants to attach conditions on the impendin
10、g supplemental_ bill to fund the war. （ A） approbations （ B） approximations （ C） apprehensions （ D） appropriations 21 As welfare reform has_millions of single mothers like Patino into the workforce since 1996, questions about its effects on families have loomed large. （ A） nudged （ B） propelled （ C）
11、 divested （ D） bumped 22 Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, _ themselves. （ A） expanding （ B） stretching （ C） prolonging （ D） extending 23 The book might well have _ had it been less expensive. （ A） worked out （ B） gone through （ C） caught on （ D） fitted in 2
12、4 I was (on the verge) of (incurring) Mr. Rochesters wrath by not listening to his prohibitions, (while) a ray once more shone almost (imperceptibly) on the hallway wall and I heard his muffled step on the carpet. （ A） on the verge （ B） incurring （ C） while （ D） imperceptibly 25 it is generally thou
13、ght that as teachers work with students, psychology course work is _ to teacher-training. （ A） indispensable （ B） inviolate （ C） indisposed （ D） invariable 26 After several nuclear disasters, a _ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy. （ A） quarrel （ B） suspicion （ C） verdict （ D） controversy 2
14、7 Before the construction of the railroad, it was prohibitively expensive to transport any goods across the mountains. （ A） determinedly （ B） incredibly （ C） forbiddingly （ D） amazingly 28 A_ plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities. （ A） deliberate （ B） dis
15、incentive （ C） functional （ D） fantastic 29 When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be_. （ A） commenced （ B） compressed （ C） compromised （ D） compensated 30 At the moment every culture in Britain has a similar philosophy as far as size _; if you want
16、 to look good and be desirable, youve got to be thin. （ A） shows （ B） states （ C） says （ D） goes 二、 Cloze 30 There are people who are especially attracted【 51】 the notion of “climbing the ladder“ so as to【 52】 their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth.【 53】 part, as a result of the w
17、ork ethic, these people are internally “driven“ to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate【 54】 of time working and,【 55】 a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word has been【 56】 to
18、【 57】 people who work compulsively. The word “workaholic“ describes an individual who is【 58】 addicted to work as an alcoholic is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and【 59】
19、 .Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society【 60】 they are extremely productive. The American culture【 61】 achievement, efficiency, and production-a workaholic upholds these values. 【 62】 the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that excessiv
20、e work demands can be physically and mentally【 63】 . Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a【 64】 in values, with more emphasis being given to perso
21、nal relationships and non-work activities. Leisure time provides opportunities to find personal satisfaction and freedom【 65】 the routine of work. Increased leisure time in the United States has not altered the idea that work and play are distinct activities. This【 66】 is clear-cut; there are “work-
22、hours“ and “after-work-hours.“ There is a belief that it is desirable “to work hard and play hard“ and【 67】 to combine the two. In many offices, stores, and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and vis
23、its. However, the amount of personal contact on the job【 68】 on the nature of the work. There may be more social interaction between teachers in a school than between scientists doing independent research. Nevertheless, work and【 69】 are usually perceived and maintained【 70】 separate activities. 50
24、Americas Federal Reserve cut interest rates by another quarter-point, to 3.75%. Wall Street, which had been【 C1】 _for a sixth half-point cut, was disappointed. The Dow fell by 2%【 C2】 _the week. The past weeks economic statistics gave mixed signals. Exports dropped by 2% in both March and April, lar
25、gely【 C3】 _a decline in high-tech investment【 C4】 _;the merchandise-trade【 C5】 _widened to $ 458 billion in the 12 months【 C6】_April. 【 C7】 _, the Conference Boards index of consumer confidence was higher than【 C8】 _in June. Concerns【 C9】 _inflation in the Euro area【 C10】 _. Preliminary data【 C11】_t
26、hat German consumer price inflation fell to 3. l%in the year to June, from 3.5% in May; wage growth【 C12】 _to 1.4% in April, a real pay cut of 1.5%. Some economists fear that Germany is on the【 C13】 _of recessioa The IFO index of business confidence dropped more 【 C14】 _than expected in May, and the
27、 institute has cut its forecast of GDP【 C15】_this year to only 1.2% , well below the German governments forecast of 2%. 50 Below is a summary of some of the main points of the passage. Read the summary and then select the best word or phrase from the box below according to the passage. You should de
28、cide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. A porridge H storage life B malnutrition I sprouted gains C fermentation J inadequate food intake D new technology K acidity E contaminated food L unfermented food F diarrhoeal germs
29、M weaning G traditional food N dough Malnutrition and the resulting impaired growth and development in children of weaning age in developing countries results not only from【 18】 but also from infections caused by contaminated food. Studies have addressed the problem of inadequate intake by using spr
30、outed grains in food preparation. Contamination has been tackled with【 19】 . Both of these methods are, or were, used traditionally and are practical and inexpensive. Fermented foods have higher【 20】 and also have anti-microbial qualities. This means that contamination is decreased and that their【 2
31、1】 is increased. Fermentation occurs when【 22】 is left to stand, occasionally with simple additives. There is, however, a trend away from this【 23】to commercial products. 56 Old people are always saying that the young people are not【 51】 they were. The same comment is【 52】 from generation to generat
32、ion and it is always【 53】 . It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy【 54】freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so【 55】 on their parents. Events which the older generation remember vividly are【 56】 more than past h
33、istory, This is as it should be. Every new generation is【 57】 from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed. The old always assume that they know best for the simple【 58】 that they have been【 59】a bit longer. They dont like to feel that their values are being questioned o
34、r threatened. And this is precisely what the【 60】 are doing. They are questioning the【 61】 of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to【 62】 that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than【 63】 is conformity. Office hours, for
35、 instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldnt people work best if they were given complete freedom and【 64】 ? And what【 65】 the clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should【 66】 drab grey suits? If we turn our【 67】 to more serious matters, who said that human differences can
36、best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used【 68】 to solve their problems? Why are they are so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more【 69】 possessions? Ca
37、n anything be right with the rat-race? Havent the old lost【 70】 with all that is important in life? 76 Some rituals of modern domestic living vary little throughout the developed world. One such is the municipal refuse collection, usually once a week, your rubbish bags or the contents of your bin di
38、sappear into the bowels of a special lorry and are carted away to the local tip. To economists, this ceremony is peculiar, because in most places it is free. Yes, households pay for the service out of local taxes.【 71】 Yet the marginal cost of rubbish disposal is not zero at all. The more people thr
39、ow away, the more rubbish collectors and trucks are needed, and the more the local council has to pay in landfill and tipping fees. 【 72】 But as Don Fullerton and Thomas Kinnaman, two American economists, have found, this seemingly easy application of economic sense to an everyday problem has surpri
40、singly intricate and sometimes disappointing results. In the past few years several American towns and cities have started charging households for generating rubbish. The commonest system is to sell stickers or tags which householders attach to rubbish bags or cans. Only bags with these labels are p
41、icked up in the weekly collection. In the paper published last year Fullerton and Kinnaman studied the effects of one such scheme, introduced in July 1992 in Charlottesville, Virginia, a town of about 40,000 people. Residents were charged 80 cents for each sticker. This may sound like the sensible u
42、se of market forces. In fact, the authors conclude, the schemes benefits did not cover the cost of printing stickers, the sticker sellers commissions, and the wages of the people running the scheme.【 73】 This is inefficient: compacting is done better by machines at landfill sites than by individuals
43、, however enthusiastically. The weight of rubbish collected in Charlottesville fell by a modest 14%. 【 74】 The one bright spot in all this seems to have been a 15% increase in the weight of materials recycled, suggesting that people chose to recycle free rather than pay to have their refuse carted a
44、way. But the fee may have little to do with the growth in recycling, as many citizens were already participating in Charlottesvilles voluntary recycling scheme. 【 75】 To discourage dumping, for instance, local councils might have to spend more on catching litterers, or raise fines for littering, or
45、cut the price of legitimate rubbish collection. A. True, the number of bags or cans collected did fall sharply, by 37% between May and September 1992. But rather than buy more tags, people simply crammed more garbage-about 40% more into each container. B. This looks like the most basic of economic m
46、isunderstandings: if rubbish disposal is free, people will produce too much rubbish. The obvious economic solution is to make households pay the marginal cost of disposing of their waste. That will give them an incentive to throw out less and recycle more. C. City authorities are now considering a p
47、roject to teach Government waste collectors the skills, such as what rubbish to collect and how to classify it. If approved, the project will help ease the financial burden of the citys waste treatment. D. It would be foolish to generalize from this one case, but the moral is clear, economic incenti
48、ves sometimes produce unforeseen responses. E. Less pleasing still, some people resorted to illegal dumping rather than pay to have their rubbish removed. This is hard to measure directly. But the authors, ob-serving that a few households in the sample stopped putting rubbish out, guess that illegal
49、 dumping may account for 30%-40% of the reduction in collected rubbish. F. But at the margin the price is zero: the family that fills four bins with rubbish each week pays no more than the elderly couple that fills one. 81 When Donald arrived for his first group-therapy session he was in a wheelchair, suffering from malignant melanoma and severely depressed. But after he spen
