1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Brass concert music was_to a new level in the 1880s when John Philip Sousa took over the U. S. Marine Band. （ A） strengthened （ B） headed （ C） lifted （ D） briefed 2 A year has_and there is no sign of the situation getting any better. （ A） emerged
2、（ B） enclosed （ C） clasped （ D） expired 3 Contestants who do not comply with the regulations will be disqualified. （ A） cooperate with （ B） observe （ C） approve （ D） submit to 4 The crowd _ into the hall and some had to stand outside. （ A） outgrew （ B） overthrew （ C） overpassed （ D） overflew 5 In ma
3、thematics the term “solid“ describes a geometric figure with three dimensions. （ A） angle （ B） shape （ C） triangle （ D） equation 6 I tried to relax because I knew I would use up my oxygen sooner_. （ A） the more excited I got （ B） and more I got excited （ C） I got more excited （ D） and I got more exc
4、ited 7 What we consider a luxury at one time frequently becomes a _, many families find that ownership of two cars is indispensable. （ A） fad （ B） necessity （ C） trend （ D） nuisance 8 That evening roving gangs of white teenagers began to attack blacks in downtown Chicago, and the city erupted in a f
5、ive-day race _ that ended with 38 deaths, 537 serious injuries, and widespread destruction. （ A） fuss （ B） maneuver （ C） deterioration （ D） riot 9 The contrast of the gray,cheerless,and shabby cities and towns of the former eastern Germany with the picture-postcard luster of the western sector was a
6、n eloquent testimony to the divergences that had to be overcome. （ A） barrier （ B） restraint （ C） hazard （ D） evidence 10 Concerned people want to _ the risk of developing cancer. （ A） take （ B） decrease （ C） minimize （ D） claimed 11 I _this soup. I_pepper in it. （ A） am tasting.am tasting （ B） am t
7、asting.taste （ C） taste.am tasting （ D） taste.have tasted 12 Because the _still refused to cooperate, the lawyer washed his hands of the entire case. （ A） advocate （ B） agenda （ C） client （ D） adolescent 13 The two delegates had an in-depth exchange of views on how to enhance their _ cooperation. （
8、A） ethical （ B） bilateral （ C） mandatory （ D） subsidiary 14 The professor gave _ instruction to the whole class so as to make every student understand how to conduct the experiment in the lab. （ A） explicit （ B） afflictive （ C） authoritative （ D） oblivious 15 Such an _ act of hostility can only lead
9、 to war. （ A） overt （ B） episodic （ C） ample （ D） ultimate 16 From 1965 to 1978 American consumer prices increased at an average annual rate of 5.7 percent. This ominous shift was followed by consumer price gains of 13.3 percent in 1979. （ A） promising （ B） overwhelming （ C） threatening （ D） astonis
10、hing 17 When I try to understand_that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect， it seems to me that there are two causes. （ A） why it does （ B） what it does （ C） what it is （ D） why it is 18 I couldnt_the lecture at all. It was too difficult for me. （ A） take on （ B） take i
11、n （ C） take over （ D） take upon 19 Why not try to follow their carefree example and _ your worries and woes? （ A） take away （ B） leave out （ C） shrug off （ D） break through 20 This state research program is made up of two funds, _ could last for two years. （ A） the larger one （ B） the larger of whic
12、h （ C） the largest one （ D） the largest of which 21 In her description of the brain as an interpreter of message from the nervous system, Henderson cautioned that interpreters, however proficient, are fallible and can_ communications. （ A） disclose （ B） convey （ C） impede （ D） distort 22 According t
13、o _ across the relevant research community, the published attack represents an extreme position in its demands for proof. （ A） soundings （ B） echoes （ C） sonar systems （ D） reflections 23 The doctor said that it would take a month for her fractured wrist to _. （ A） recover （ B） heal （ C） remedy （ D）
14、 cure 24 They are taught by their superiors that a soldier who _ his post in time of war is to be shot. （ A） deserts （ B） deflects （ C） detains （ D） threw 25 When they had finished playing, the children were made to _ all the toys they had taken out. （ A） put off （ B） put up （ C） putout （ D） put awa
15、y 26 The drunken couple did nothing to keep the flat clean and tidy and hived in the utmost_. （ A） decay （ B） contamination （ C） squalor （ D） confinement 27 This policy gave _ to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor. （ A） life （ B） birth （ C） way （ D） death 28 Among
16、the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors. （ A） guidance （ B） sovereignty （ C） authority （ D） suzerainty 29 The coalition parties have asked the government to consider using more. funds to help support the ail
17、ing market. （ A） rapidly expanding （ B） steadily improving （ C） making changes （ D） having difficulties 30 The professor found himself constantly_the question: “How could anyone do these things?“ （ A） poring （ B） pondering （ C） presiding （ D） presuming 二、 Cloze 30 Its all annual back-to-school routi
18、ne. One morning you wave goodbye, and that 【 C1】 _ evening youre burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, 【 C2】 _ are throwing the books at kids. 【 C3】_ elementary school students are complaining of homework 【 C4】 _ Whats a well-meaning parent to do? As h
19、ard as 【 C5】 _ may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though youve got to get them to do it, 【 C6】 _ helping too much, or even examining 【 C7】_ too carefully, you may keep them 【 C8】 _ doing it by themselves. “I wouldnt advise a parent to check every 【 C9】 _ assignment,“ says psychologist John
20、Rosemnd, author of Ending the Tough Homework. “Theres a 【 C10】 _ of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children 【 C11】 _ the grade they deserve. “Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their 【 C12】 _ . But “you dont want them
21、 to feel it has to be 【 C13】 _ ,“ she says. Thats not to say parents should 【 C14】 _ homework-first, they should monitor how much homework their kids 【 C15】 _ . Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in 【 C16】 _ four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high
22、students it should be“ 【 C17】 _ more than an hour and a half,“ and two for high school students. If your child 【 C18】 _ has more homework than this, you may want to check 【 C19】 _ other parents and then talk to the teacher about 【 C20】 _ assignments. 31 【 C1】 _ （ A） very （ B） exact （ C） right （ D） u
23、sual 32 【 C2】 _ （ A） officials （ B） parents （ C） experts （ D） schools 33 【 C3】 _ （ A） Also （ B） Even （ C） Then （ D） However 34 【 C4】 _ （ A） fatigue （ B） confusion （ C） duty （ D） puzzle 35 【 C5】 _ （ A） there （ B） we （ C） they （ D） it 36 【 C6】 _ （ A） via （ B） under （ C） by （ D） for 37 【 C7】 _ （ A） que
24、stions （ B） answers （ C） standards （ D） rules 38 【 C8】 _ （ A） off （ B） without （ C） beyond （ D） from 39 【 C9】 _ （ A） single （ B） piece （ C） page （ D） other 40 【 C10】 _ （ A） drop （ B） short （ C） cut （ D） lack 41 【 C11】 _ （ A） acquire （ B） earn （ C） gather （ D） reach 42 【 C12】 _ （ A） exercises （ B） de
25、fects （ C） mistakes （ D） tests 43 【 C13】 _ （ A） perfect （ B） better （ C） unusual （ D） complete 44 【 C14】 _ （ A） forget （ B） refuse （ C） miss （ D） ignore 45 【 C15】 _ （ A） have （ B） prepare （ C） make （ D） perform 46 【 C16】 _ （ A） classes （ B） groups （ C） grades （ D） terms 47 【 C17】 _ （ A） about （ B） n
26、o （ C） much （ D） few 48 【 C18】 _ （ A） previously （ B） rarely （ C） merely （ D） consistently 49 【 C19】 _ （ A） with （ B） in （ C） out （ D） up 50 【 C20】 _ （ A） finishing （ B） lowering （ C） reducing （ D） declining 51 【 C3】 52 【 C5】 （ A） if （ B） because （ C） so that （ D） before 52 Unconsciously, we all car
27、ry with us 【 51】 have been called “body bubbles“. These bubbles are like invisible walls 【 52】 define our personal space. The amount of space changes 【 53】 on the interpersonal relationship. For example, we are usually more comfortable standing closer to family members than to 【 54】 . Personality 【
28、55】 determines the size of this space. Introverts often prefer to interact with others at a greater distance than 【 56】 . Cultural styles are important too. A Japanese 【 57】 and employee usually stand farther apart while talking than their American counterparts. Latin Americans and Arabs tend to 【 5
29、8】 closer together than Americana when talking. For Americans, 【 59】 in social conversation is about an arms length to four feet. Less space in the American culture may be associated 【 60】 greater intimacy or aggressive behavior. The common practice of saying “Excuse me,“ or “Pardon me“ for the slig
30、htest accidental touching of another person reveals an American attitude about personal space. Thus when a persons “space“ is intruded 【 61】 by someone, he or 【 62】 . may feel 【 63】 and react defensively. In cultures 【 64】 close physical contact is acceptable and desirable, Americans may be perceive
31、d 【 65】 cold and distant. Culture does not always 【 66】 the messages that our body movements 【 67】 Contexts, personalities, and relationships also influence them. Therefore, no two people in any one society have the same nonverbal behavior. However, like verbal language, 【 68】 communication cannot b
32、e completely separated 【 69】 culture. 【 70】 we emphasize differences or similarities, the “silent language“ is much louder than it first appears. 72 Even plants can run a fever, especially when they are under attack by insects or disease. But【 71】 humans, plants can have their temperature【 72】 from
33、3,000 feet awaystraight up. A decade ago,【 73】 the infrared (红外线的 ) scanning technology developed for military purpose and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley【 74】 a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine【 75】 ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers【 76】 target pest
34、icide spraying【 77】 rain poison on a whole field, which【 78】 includes plants that dont have the pest problem. Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became【 79】 to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet【 80】 , an infrared scanner measured
35、the heat emitted by crops. The data were【 81】 . into a color-coded map showing【 82】 plants were running “fevers“. Farmers could then spot spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they【 83】 would. The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers【 84】 t
36、he new technology and long-term backers were hard【 85】 . But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to【 86】 into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This technique can be used【 87】 75 percent of agricult
37、ural land in the United States,“ says George Oerther of Texas A People see the sun moving【 C10】_the sky as morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary(静止的 ) 【 C11】 _that is happening. Students can learn the right answers【 C12】 _heart in class, and yet never combined them【 C13】 _their work
38、ing models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the【 C14】 _personal understanding of the world can【 C15】 _side by side, each unaffected by the other. Outside of class, the student continues to use the【 C16】 _model because it has always worked well【 C17】 _that circum
39、stance. Unless professors address【 C18】 _errors in students personal models of the world, students are not【 C19】 _to replace them with the【 C20】 _one. 93 【 C1】 （ A） excessive （ B） extra （ C） additional （ D） added 94 【 C2】 （ A） what （ B） which （ C） that （ D） other 95 【 C3】 （ A） virtually （ B） remarka
40、bly （ C） ideally （ D） preferably 96 【 C4】 （ A） learned （ B） suggested （ C） taught （ D） advised 97 【 C5】 （ A） those （ B） these （ C） who （ D） they 98 【 C6】 （ A） on （ B） with （ C） under （ D） for 99 【 C7】 （ A） formed （ B） altered （ C） believed （ D） thought 100 【 C8】 （ A） operation （ B） position （ C） mot
41、ion （ D） location 101 【 C9】 （ A） how （ B） which （ C） that （ D） what 102 【 C10】 （ A） around （ B） across （ C） on （ D） above 103 【 C11】 （ A） since （ B） so （ C） while （ D） for 104 【 C12】 （ A） to （ B） by （ C） in （ D） with 105 【 C13】 （ A） with （ B） into （ C） to （ D） along 106 【 C14】 （ A） adults （ B） teach
42、ers （ C） scientists （ D） students 107 【 C15】 （ A） exist （ B） occur （ C） survive （ D） maintain 108 【 C16】 （ A） private （ B） individual （ C） personal （ D） own 109 【 C17】 （ A） in （ B） with （ C） on （ D） for 110 【 C18】 （ A） general （ B） natural （ C） similar （ D） specific 111 【 C19】 （ A） obliged （ B） like
43、ly （ C） probable （ D） partial 112 【 C20】 （ A） perfect （ B） better （ C） reasonable （ D） correct 三、 Reading Comprehension 112 The history of responds to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli (14441510) suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon. Writing in 15
44、50, Vasari expressed an unease with Botticellis work, admitting that the artist fitted awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art Over the next two centuries, academic art historians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellows Florentine , Michelangelo. Even when anti-academic art h
45、istorians of the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation adopted by their predecessors, Botticellis work remained outside of accepted taste, pleasing neither amateur observers nor connoisseurs. (Many of his best paintings, however, remained hidden away in obscure church
46、es and private homes. ) The primary reason for Botticellis unpopularity is not difficult to understand; most observers, up until the mid-nineteenth century, did not consider him to be noteworthy, because his work, for the most part, did not seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characte
47、ristics of fifteenth-century Florentine art. For example, Botticelli rarely employed the technique of strict perspective and, unlike Michelangelo, never used chiaroscuro. Another reason for Botticellis unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical art was very different
48、from that of his contemporaries. Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art, he showed little interest in borrowing from the classical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter of large-scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to that of classical art In any case, when viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticellis work to the tradition of fifteenth-century Florentine art, his reputation began to grow. Analyses and asse
