1、2011年南京师范大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 A close analogy to study design is the rough sketch made by an artist before he commits his vision to canvas. The broad outlines are drawn, the proper perspective achieved, and the total impact of the picture-to-be can be partially appreciated in
2、advance. So it is with the design of research; it specifies in advance the kinds of statements that can be made on the basis of its findings and fix the perspectives against which these findings are to be evaluated. One major purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether or not the newer social r
3、esearch techniques could help in broadening and deepening knowledge concerning juvenile delinquency. Construction of the design was guided by this goal of exploring new methods in the analysis of juvenile delinquency. However, research technique developed in one content cannot be mechanically transf
4、erred to another. A new application of a research technique requires substantial changes and it is these innovative modifications that this study offers as its contribution. Juvenile delinquency has been the subject of many previous studies using a variety of research techniques. This study makes an
5、 additional contribution by using a design specially planned to permit a comparison of several approaches. The drawing up of the study design profited greatly from an extensive survey of previous researches on crime, undertaken during the earliest stage of the project. It was found that most studies
6、 could be classified as belonging study and personal motivation study. Each type has its characteristic design and mode of interpretation and each has produced information of considerable importance. Yet no attempt was made in any of the studies to integrate one or more of these three design types.
7、It became apparent that one of the major contributions a pilot study could make to both method and substantive findings would be to bring all three study types together in one design for the purpose of correlating their findings and evaluating their relative importance in producing data of use to th
8、e practitioner. 1 The phrase “the project“(Paragraph 3)refers to_. （ A） an extensive research on crime （ B） a foil exploration of research designs （ C） an elaborate investigation into new techniques （ D） a comprehensive research of juvenile delinquency 2 In Paragraph One, the author draws an analogy
9、 between_. （ A） a research and an artist （ B） doing research and drawing a sketch （ C） designing a research and making a sketch （ D） research finding and pictures perspectives 3 The major contribution of this study is to_. （ A） carry out a comprehensive analysis of juvenile delinquency （ B） develop
10、a new research technique easily transferred from one area to another （ C） modify creatively the previous research finding of juvenile delinquency （ D） demonstrate the successful application of new research techniques in a new area 4 The subject under discussion in the passage is about_. （ A） a resea
11、rch design concerning juvenile delinquency （ B） application of analogy in studying juvenile delinquency （ C） crime and juvenile delinquency （ D） extensive survey of researchers in juvenile delinquency 5 Three design types of previous researches are_. （ A） interrelated to each other （ B） supplementar
12、y to each other （ C） to be modified considerably （ D） to be integrated into one design 5 In 1798 the political economist Malthus predicted that in time mankind would face starvation, having outgrown the available food supplies. Today, a century and a half later, there are still experts who forecast
13、the same global disaster unless urgent measures are taken to prevent it. By the end of the present century there may well be over five thousand million people living on this globe, ail increase of over fifty per cent of todays figure. In order to keep pace with this increase in mankind the farmers o
14、f the world would have to step up their production of food by at least two per cent every year. Such a rate of increase has never been maintained in any country by conventional methods of agriculture, despite modern mechanization and the widespread use of fertilizers. There are no large worthwhile r
15、eserves of potential farmland, remaining, and good fertile land is continually being diverted to industrial use. Moreover, erosion of the soil takes a constant toll. Intensive research, carried out over many years in all manner of climatic conditions, has produced a revolutionary method of growing c
16、rops without using any soil at all. Hydroponics, as this technique is called, may well be the answer to all our food worries. Already it has accomplished wonders in producing huge crops. Hydroponics was once a complicated and expensive business; now it is well out of the experimental stage. Labor co
17、sts are far lower than when normal methods of agriculture are employed. In fact, it is a completely automatic system. There is no hard manual work, no digging or plowing, and no weeding to speak of. Yields can be far higher than they are in soil. 6 Which of the following best sums up the whole passa
18、ge? （ A） Hydroponics is a new development in agriculture. （ B） Malthus prediction has been proved to be correct by modern experts. （ C） Hydroponics may be the answer to the world food shortage in the future. （ D） Conventional methods of agriculture should be improved to step up food production by tw
19、o per cent every year. 7 The phrase “having overgrown the available food supplies“ in the first paragraph implies that_. （ A） the available food supplies will be enough to feed world population （ B） the earth is too exhausted to support its increasing population （ C） world population will grow at a
20、rate faster than food production （ D） food supplies will be too much available for world population 8 According to the author, 2 percent annual increase in the production of food can not be achieved. Which of the following is not the explanation he gave for the problem? （ A） There are not enough pot
21、ential farmland reserves left. （ B） Land is being lost through erosion and industrialization. （ C） Conventional methods of agriculture are still prevailing all over the world. （ D） Modern mechanization and the use of fertilizers are not well popularized in the world. 9 Which of the following stateme
22、nts is not true of hydroponics? （ A） Hydroponics has created wonders in agriculture. （ B） Hydroponics is too complicated and expensive for practical use. （ C） Hydroponics is considered a revolutionary method of agriculture. （ D） Hydroponics has already been employed in food production. 10 Judging fr
23、om the passage, the most important advantage of hydroponics should be_. （ A） higher yield （ B） lower labor costs （ C） more automation （ D） less hard manual work 10 I have long believed that trouble between the races is seldom what it appears to be. It was not hard to see after my first talks with st
24、udents that racial tension on campus is a problem that misrepresents itself. It has the same look, the typical pattern, of Americas timeless racial conflict .white racism and black protest. And I think part of our concern over it comes from the fact that it has the feel of a relapse, illness gone an
25、d come again. But if we are seeing the same symptoms, I dont believe we are dealing with the same illness. For one thing, I think racial tension on campus is the result more of racial equality than inequality. How to live with racial difference has been Americas profound social problem. For the firs
26、t 100 years or so following emancipation it was controlled by a legally approved inequality that acted as a buffer between the races. No longer is this the case. On campuses today, as throughout society, blacks enjoy equality under the law a profound social advancement. No student may be kept out of
27、 a class or a dormitory or an extracurricular activity because of his or her race. But there is a paradox here: On a campus where members of all races are gathered, mixed together in the classroom as well as socially, differences are more exposed than ever. And this is where the trouble starts. For
28、members of each race young adults coming into their own, often away from home for the first time bring to this site of freedom, exploration, and now, today, equality, very deep fears and anxieties, not fully developed feelings of racial shame, anger, and guilt. These feelings could lie hidden in the
29、 home, in familiar neighborhoods, in simpler days of childhood. But the college campus, with its structures of interaction and adult-level competition the big exam, the dorm, the “mixer“ is another matter. I think campus racism is born of the rub between racial difference and a setting, the campus i
30、tself, devoted to interaction and equality. On our campuses, such concentrated micro-societies, all that remains unresolved between blacks and whites, all the old wounds and shames that have never been addressed, present themselves for attention-and present our youth with pressures they cannot alway
31、s handle. 11 According to the author,_. （ A） people have misunderstood the causes of racial tension （ B） people dont understand the causes of racial tension （ C） racial tension keeps the same typical pattern in history （ D） racial tension on campus is the same as racial tension in society 12 Nowaday
32、s racial tension on campus most probably starts with_. （ A） racial inequality （ B） sudden awareness of racial differences （ C） white racism （ D） racial Interaction and competition 13 The phrase “coming into their own“ on Line 8 of Paragraph 2 probably means_. （ A） entering their own homes （ B） showi
33、ng their own values （ C） entering their own colleges （ D） having their own problems 14 When young adults enter college for the first time,_. （ A） they bring freedom and exploration to campus （ B） they suffer from racial inequality and differences （ C） they bring with them fear, anxiety and other fee
34、lings （ D） they suffer from competitions in big exams 15 The passage is mainly about_. （ A） racial inequality in American society （ B） racial tension in American society （ C） racial equality on campus and in society （ D） the causes of racial tension on campus 15 When I decided to quit my full time e
35、mployment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by
36、claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family“. Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting“ has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality, I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “havi
37、ng it all“ preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandonin
38、g the doctrine of “juggling your life“ and making the alternative move into “downshifting“ brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12 hour working days, pressured
39、deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “duality time“. In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting also known in America as “voluntary simplicity“ has, ironically, even
40、 bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives. There are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycl
41、ing their ding-film to making their own soap. There are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-1990s equivalent of dropping out. While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late-1980sand is still
42、linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down-shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 1980s, downshifting in the mid-1990s is not so much
43、a search for the mythical good life growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one as a personal recognition of your limitations. 16 The writer quit her full-time job because_. （ A） full-time employment is a new international trend （ B） she was compelled by circumstances to leave
44、her job （ C） she was inspired by the philosophy of “having it all“ （ D） she was only too eager to spend more time with her family 17 “A lateral move“ in paragraph 1 means_. （ A） a change of responsibility but not position （ B） advocating the notion of anti-consumerism （ C） a change from a lower posi
45、tion to a higher one （ D） a change from a higher position to a lower one 18 The writers experiment shows that downshifting_. （ A） enables her to realize her dream （ B） helps her mold a new philosophy of life （ C） prompts her to abandon her high social status （ D） leads her to accept the doctrine of
46、She magazine 19 “Juggling ones life“ probably mean_. （ A） taking a non-materialistic lifestyle （ B） trying out a life with a bit of everything （ C） living a life characterized by extreme stress （ D） advocating the notion of anti-consumerism 20 According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.
47、S. as a result of_. （ A） the economic situation （ B） mans adventurous spirit （ C） the quick pace of modern life （ D） mans search for mythical experiences 二、 Structure and Vocabulary 21 He always has a lot of_ideas in his mind, and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinking about. （ A） novel （
48、 B） minute （ C） explicit （ D） solemn 22 Much of the news provided by this newspaper is_, not foreign. （ A） domestic （ B） devilish （ C） unusual （ D） civilian 23 The engineers in this lab spent several weeks_their plans for the new bicycle. （ A） counting （ B） stripping （ C） elaborating （ D） casting 24
49、 In the Americans minds, there are boundaries that other people are simply not supposed to cross. When the boundaries are crossed, Americans will_stiffen and their mariner will become cool. （ A） visibly （ B） tragically （ C） uneasily （ D） tremendously 25 Free medical service is_to nearly all the college students in China. （ A） favorite （ B） available （ C） convenient （ D） average 26 What he said in the meeting_everybody present. （ A） disgusted
