1、2014年职称英语（卫生类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 London quickly became a flourishing port. （ A） major （ B） large （ C） successful （ D） commercial 2 It was a magic night until the spell was broken. （ A） charm （ B） time （ C） space （ D） opport
2、unity 3 They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system. （ A） prove （ B） discover （ C） consider （ D） imagine 4 The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. （ A） copy （ B） publish （ C） summarize （ D） furnish 5 Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.
3、（ A） excitement （ B） anger （ C） calm （ D） disappointment 6 His stomach felt hollow with fear. （ A） sincere （ B） respectful （ C） empty （ D） terrible 7 His knowledge of French is fair. （ A） very useful （ B） very limited （ C） quite good （ D） rather special 8 The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.
4、 （ A） inflexible （ B） hidden （ C） traditional （ D） official 9 Several windows had been smashed. （ A） cleaned （ B） broken （ C） replaced （ D） fixed 10 She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. （ A） homework （ B） act （ C） justice （ D） model 11 His professional career spanned 16 years. （ A）
5、lasted （ B） started （ C） changed （ D） moved 12 The worst agonies of the war were now beginning. （ A） parts （ B） aspects （ C） pains （ D） results 13 The group does not advocate the use of violence. （ A） limit （ B） regulate （ C） oppose （ D） support 14 The majority of people around here are decent. （ A）
6、 real （ B） honest （ C） normal （ D） wealthy 15 He led a very moral life. （ A） human （ B） honourable （ C） intelligent （ D） natural 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的 是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Some Schooling on Backpacks According to the
7、 U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 5,900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors offices last year for sprains(扭伤 )and strains caused by backpacks. Such injuries are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians surveyed by the American Academy of Orthoped
8、ic(整形外科的 )Surgeons listed backpacks as a potential clinical problem for children. How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps(有垫的背带 )and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firml
9、y, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up. How much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 perc
10、ent of your body weight. So if a child weighs 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint; Make frequent trips to your locker(储物柜 )to exchange books between classes. Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground, but they have problems too. Many
11、 are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack. Roller bags often don t fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use, 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a
12、good idea. 16 About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a be
13、lt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Children should put all the books in their lockers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned
14、 21 Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 A 10-15 minutes exercise will help you bear a heavier backpack. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题 要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳
15、标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Aromatherapy(芳香疗法 ) 1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated“ essential“ oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromathera
16、py these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond(杏仁 )oil, or they are diluted(稀释 )with water. These solutions(溶液剂 )can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applied as a compress(敷药 ). 2 Many people have aromatherapy massages(按摩 ), and depending on the treatment a person is h
17、aving, the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders. The massage is smooth and flowing, as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm. The sessions are tailored to the individual s health and mood at the time, so every session is unique. 3 Practitioners of aromath
18、erapy believe that the aroma of the “ essential“ oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream, where they can affect the whole body and promote healing. Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion, improves the function
19、ing of respiratory system, reduces muscular aches and pains, and promotes muscle relaxation and tone. It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and help combat insomnia(失眠 )and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches, anxiety, and mild
20、depression. 4 However, while aromatherapy may have real effects that promote a sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers. While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people, it also suggests tha
21、t aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness. Furthermore, not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health. There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain me
22、dical conditions. The study of aromatherapy is relatively new and unexplored. More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects. A. Doubts About the Benefits of Aromatherapy B. Introduction to Aromatherapy C. Personalized Aromatherapy Massage D. Different V
23、iews About Aromatherapy E. Aromatherapy and Conventional Medicine F. Current Research Into Aromatherapy 23 Paragraph 1 24 Paragraph 2 25 Paragraph 3 26 Paragraph 4 26 A. have healing effects B. be used externally C. be promoted D. help the disabled E. be further explored F. suit different people 27
24、Aromatherapy is a mixture oil from parts of the plants to_. 28 The sessions of aromatherapy massages are designed to_. 29 Aromatherapy is believed to_in various ways. 30 The use and benefits of aromatherapy need to_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Approaches t
25、o Understanding Intelligences It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different. Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have t
26、wo different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences. Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view with research that concludes
27、that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words, numbers, or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests. Studies of the brain show t
28、hat there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the spe
29、ed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain. Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he d
30、oesn t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling. He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences. These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. G
31、ardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences. Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can sti
32、ll sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的 ), and naturalistic. 31 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） The importance of in
33、telligence. （ B） The development of intelligence tests. （ C） How to understand intelligence. （ D） How to become intelligent. 32 Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence? （ A） People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests. （ B） Most intelli
34、gent people do well on some intelligence tests. （ C） Intelligent people do not do well on group tests. （ D） Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests. 33 Gardner believes that_. （ A） all children are alike （ B） children have different intelligences （ C） children should take on
35、e intelligence test （ D） there is no general intelligence 34 According to Gardner, schools should_. （ A） test students IQs （ B） train students who do poorly on tests （ C） focus on finding the most intelligent students （ D） promote development of all intelligences 35 Gardner thinks that his theory ha
36、s a_. （ A） biological foundation （ B） musical foundation （ C） intrapersonal foundation （ D） linguistic foundation 35 The Worker s Role in Management Traditionally, it has been the workers role to work and management s role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firms operations with littl
37、e thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled(被迫的 )to obtain the workers opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided “suggestion boxes“ in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however
38、, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particu
39、larly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management? Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank-and-file
40、workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions). Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs(失业 ), often with no warning. At least 90 days notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adju
41、st. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating. It should become a general practice to include workers in som
42、e managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm s board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise,
43、 and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company s profits. This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers shoul
44、d be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves. 36 It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that managers_. （ A） seldom obtained workers opinions （ B） were not qualified （ C） disliked “suggestion boxes“ （ D） never consulted the labor force 37 In recent years, many management speci
45、alists have been arguing that workers_. （ A） are no longer sellers of the products （ B） are less affected by company decisions than before （ C） are able to make final decisions for the company （ D） should have a say in management of the company 38 The word “rank-and-file“ in Paragraph 2 is closest i
46、n meaning to_. （ A） senior （ B） ordinary （ C） intelligent （ D） capable 39 According to the passage, what happened between 1980 and 1985? （ A） Managers consulted workers before closing a plant. （ B） Workers did not make necessary concessions. （ C） About five million workers were laid off without adva
47、nce notice. （ D） Many companies were closed because of strikes. 40 If not given a voice in managerial decision making, workers_ （ A） may lack the incentive to increase their productivity （ B） cannot get a share in the company s profits （ C） can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity （ D）
48、will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant 40 Obesity(肥胖 )in the Western World Obesity is rapidly becoming a new problem of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11 th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the co
49、nference of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries 1. 2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese. Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said:“Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany, 20 per cent of the people are already affected, but in Japan only one per cent. “ But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication. Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg sai
