1、2017年 3月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER B
2、OOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 In our looks-obsessed society, many people think that being overweight is an appearance issue. But being overweight is actually _【 C1】 because it can seriously affect a persons health. What is overweight? When people keep up a pattern of eating
3、 more calories than they burn, more and more _【 C2】 in their bodies. Eventually, the body gets to a point where the amount of body fat can _【 C3】 on a persons health. Doctors use the terms “overweight“ or “obese“ to describe when someone is _【 C4】 of developing weight-related health problems. As you
4、ve probably heard, _【 C5】 today than ever before. Experts are calling this _【 C6】 . This health problem affects young people as well as adultsone third of all kids between _【 C7】 are overweight or obese. So younger people are now developing health problems that _【 C8】 , like high blood pressure, hig
5、h cholesterol, and _【 C9】 . Obesity tends to run in families. Some people have _【 C10】 more easily than others because they burn calories more slowly. During times when _【 C11】 , this was a real advantage. But now that food is available in most industrialized countries, _【 C12】 that once ensured our
6、 survival now works to our disadvantage. Although genes strongly _【 C13】 , the environment also plays a role. People today may be gaining weight because of _【 C14】 , like fast food, and family habits, like eating in front of the television instead of around a table. _【 C15】 snacks and beverages, big
7、ger portions of food, and less active lifestyles all contribute to the obesity epidemic. Sometimes people turn to food _【 C16】 , such as when they feel upset, anxious, sad, _【 C17】 . When this happens, they often eat more than they need. Figuring out if a teen is overweight _【 C18】 than it is for ad
8、ults. Thats because teens are still _【 C19】 . Doctors and other health care professionals often use a measurement called _【 C20】 to determine if someone is overweight. 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 11 【 C11】 12 【 C12】 13 【 C13】 14 【 C14】 15 【 C15】
9、16 【 C16】 17 【 C17】 18 【 C18】 19 【 C19】 20 【 C20】 Part B Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefu
10、lly and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A） To cancel an appointment. （ B） To book a flight for the businesswoman. （ C） To get down to the minutes of their business contract
11、. （ D） To go through the details of the womans business trip. （ A） By a rented car. （ B） By coach. （ C） By air. （ D） By sea. （ A） Its offices and the main factory are in different locations. （ B） Its headquarters are located in the United States of America. （ C） It owns Hotel Radisson and other chai
12、ns. （ D） It is organizing an international exhibition at York. （ A） At York. （ B） Near Glasgow. （ C） In Edinburgh. （ D） On the Park Avenue. （ A） The sales director. （ B） The managing director. （ C） The exhibition director. （ D） The American director. （ A） An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.1 hit th
13、e northwestern coast of Nicaragua. （ B） An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4 shook Managua, Nicaraguas capital. （ C） An earthquake which had claimed 16 lives occurred in Honduras. （ D） There was an earthquake in Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras. （ A） He allows the migrants to stay in his countr
14、y. （ B） He refuses to resume membership talks. （ C） He betrays his promises to aid the refugees. （ D） He threatens to reopen borders to the migrants. （ A） 23. （ B） 72. （ C） 104. （ D） 150. （ A） It has been due to the economic recession. （ B） It has more than doubled since 2011. （ C） There are more re
15、tired drivers. （ D） Only school dropouts are interested in the job. （ A） 0.9%. （ B） 1.5%. （ C） 1.9%. （ D） 2.3%. （ A） Fashion industry. （ B） Technology industry. （ C） Private banking. （ D） Investment banking. （ A） You can always get it if you ask. （ B） You need to think twice before making a switch.
16、（ C） Be ready to take risks and leave your comfort zone. （ D） Consider your career moves during “Know Your Value“ moments. （ A） They may lead to more mistakes. （ B） They can make you more apologetic. （ C） They are the moments you make career switches. （ D） They are opportunities to develop, learn an
17、d grow. （ A） They were too philosophical for professional women. （ B） They were very instrumental for securing a good position. （ C） You should own your success and always be confident. （ D） You should not apologize for what you have accomplished. （ A） Get involved with their communities and partici
18、pate in companys activities. （ B） Secure a job with decent pay in the city and live a comfortable life thereafter. （ C） Demonstrate the combined potential for higher performance to advance their careers. （ D） Realise the importance of sponsorship, mentoring and networking opportunities. （ A） To teac
19、h students modern knowledge. （ B） To prepare students for making a living. （ C） To spread the religious belief among students. （ D） To shape their students moral character. （ A） Because there were few universities in the United States. （ B） Because they were dissatisfied with their training in the U
20、nited States. （ C） Because the German university was concerned primarily with moral doctrines. （ D） Because there were more opportunities to become presidents of venerable colleges. （ A） Graduate students started to question, analyze, and conduct their own research. （ B） University students were abl
21、e to choose their own course of study. （ C） Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, rather than their proper faith. （ D） Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing. （ A） Yale. （ B） Harvard. （ C） Columbia. （ D） None of the above. （ A） It was most imp
22、ortant to train engineering students. （ B） It sought to train men and women to work. （ C） It paid close attention to the practical needs of society. （ D） It made the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. 一、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read several pas
23、sages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the correspon
24、ding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 40 Britains cybercrime tsar is to ask the government for a programme based on its controversial counter-radicalisation strategy to stop children as young as 12 becoming involved in sophisticated computer crimes. Jamie Saunders said training was needed to help spot
25、at-risk teenagers, as many young Internet users experiment with computer hacking or other cyber offences without realising that what they are doing is a crime. Saunders, Director of the National Cyber Crime Unit at the National Crime Agency, explained that he is proposing a scheme to ministers model
26、led in part on the official counter-radicalisation programme “Prevent“, which has been dogged by controversy. But instead of trying to divert aspirant jihadists from terrorism, “cyber Prevent“ would aim to divert computer-literate youngsters from carrying out Distributed Denial of Service attacks (D
27、DoS) and other cybercrimes, such as hacking private Internet users details. The “Cyber Prevent“ programme might also be used to recruit tech-savvy young adults. Saunders said: “We need education for schools on the Computer Misuse Act, on what it is and isnt. A lot of kids dont realise they are commi
28、tting a crime. We dont want them to go to prison, we want them to come and work for us.“ Demand for computer skills is forecast to grow in the coming years. One core message at the heart of the new strategy is that young adults with computer skills can earn well and legitimately, as opposed to perpe
29、trating cybercrimes and facing punishment. “A lot of kids are stumbling into this crime. This activity has consequences for them and others. There are legitimate opportunities for their skills,“ Saunders said. The target group would be 12 to 25 years old. Analysis of investigations carried out by th
30、e NCCU in 2015 found the average age of suspects to be 17. The previous year the average was 24. Saunders said some cyber-attacks have been carried out by children who did not realise the harm they could do, adding: “We are not dealing with serious criminals. Some are sucked in and damage their care
31、ers and do a lot of harm.“ Research shows that some who end up committing cybercrime start by learning how to outwit games programmers. “One of the entry points is cheating on online gaming, and you have to be quite clever to do that,“ he said. He said Cyber Prevent would be relatively low cost, esp
32、ecially compared with the harm it is trying to thwart. It would hire a network of regional specialists and industry might contribute to the cost. Cyber Prevent would also target parents, so they had a better chance of knowing what their children might be up to. The sheer volume of online offending m
33、eans that only a fraction of offenders are likely to be caught. Compared with other major crime types, intelligence about cybercrime offenders is at a relatively early stage. “We keep finding clean skins, people we did not know about,“ Saunders said. The NCA says that also popular among teenage comp
34、uter users is a malicious software called Remote Access Trojans (RATs). They allow people to remotely take full control of another computer, turning on webcams, stealing passwords and personal information, and launching further attacks on other computers. An NCA-led operation, targeting users of the
35、 Blackshades RAT, found that the average age of the 22 people who where arrested was 18, with the youngest person being just 12 years old. In 2014 the NCA coordinated the first UK-wide cybercrime operation to target users of the Blackshades RAT. More than 100 people were arrested worldwide, followin
36、g an FBI-led crackdown. Saunders was previously director of international cyber policy at the Foreign Office. Prior to that he had worked at the UK Government Communications Headquarters. 41 According to the passage, “Cyber Prevent“ is a _. （ A） counter-radicalization strategy against terrorism （ B）
37、 programme to check various cybercrimes by youngsters （ C） project mainly to recruit computer-literate young adults （ D） scheme to popularise Computer Misuse Act among computer-illiterates 42 When Saunders said many young people are “stumbling into“ (para.3) the cybercrime, he meant that _. （ A） the
38、y know that they are committing a crime （ B） they only want to beat games programmers （ C） they are intentionally hacking Internet users details （ D） they are inadvertently involved in such cybercrimes 43 Which of the following is NOT covered by the new strategy? （ A） To track down the serious cyber
39、-criminals. （ B） To recruit tech-savvy youngsters to work for the programme. （ C） To tell young people with computer skills that they can legitimately earn well. （ D） To promote education on the Computer Misuse Act. 44 All of the following can be found from the passage EXCEPT that _. （ A） the volume
40、 of cybercrime is quite large （ B） intelligence about cybercrime offenders needs to be fully collected （ C） the age of cybercrime offenders has been lowering over the years （ D） online gaming is the one major channel leading to cybercrime 45 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） Cybercrime tsar
41、 plans to intimidate young online offenders. （ B） Cybercrime director seeks “Prevent“ strategy to deter child hackers. （ C） The NCA led the first UK-wide cybercrime operation to target RAT users. （ D） The NCA promoted the investigation of the average age of online offenders. 45 My children went to p
42、rivate school, and given the way things are in our education system I am glad they did; but 1 wish I had not been presented with the choice between the state and private sectors, for I believe that one of the worst things about this country is the chasm in our education system. It is not exclusive t
43、o Britain, but it is uniquely divisive here. The difference in quality between state and private schools is particularly large; the division between the two is based almost entirely on money rather than (as in France) religious preferences; the private sector is unusually large and powerful. The con
44、sequences for our society are therefore heinous. The private/state divide exacerbates the class consciousness that lurks beneath our relationships, poisons our politics and distorts our decisions. It leads people to hire, argue with and vote for each other for the wrong reasons. It clouds our judgme
45、nt. Its not like this in America, mainland Europe or indeed anywhere else in the civilised world, I promise you. So I was relieved when, a few weeks ago, my twin daughters moved on from the class-stratified secondary school system to what I assumed would be the socialist republic of university. When
46、 I went to university, it had much in common with the Soviet Union. You had to queue for hours for awful food, people banged on about ideology a lot and, everybody seemed to be pretty much on an equal footing, socially and economically. It doesnt seem to be that way these days, according to reports
47、from my daughters and their friends. At Edinburgh, Durham, Bristol and Exeter, the private school kids seem to hang out mostly with the private school kids and the state school kids with the state school kids. The twain do meet a bit, at lectures and tutorials, through societies and in pubs and club
48、s. But most of their social lives seem to be conducted in bubbles similar to those in which they spent their secondary school lives. This has happened not because young people are more tribal than older ones but because universities have been marketised. In the old days they got their income from th
49、e state; now they are quasi-businesses. This leads them to behave like profit-maximising firms and offer a range of products to their customers. They can make more money from selling their Finest accommodation to the well-off and Value to the hard-up than if they offered their Value product across the board. So these days the upscale student does not have to queue for tepid showers: if she wants a double bed and ensuite bathroom, she will get it. There are,
