1、BEC商务英语（高级）阅读模拟试卷 36及答案与解析 一、 PART ONE 0 Look at the statements below and at the five extracts that follow. Which extract (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement (1-8) refer to? For each statement (1-8), mark one letter (A. B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet. You will need to use some of these letters
2、 more than once. A Currently, economic activities in China remain controlled by a government that often makes its decisions based on the unpublished rules, and when the rules are published, they are often vague and unclear to the public and overseas businesses. Appeals are made all the more difficul
3、t with no public basis for the initial decisions. The WTO requirements of transparency and justice will help the Chinese state make arbitrary decisions over business activities and economic life. B By requiring the clear publication of quotas and tariff rates-by making them more transparent and publ
4、ic-the arbitrary discretion of local officials to determine whether and at what price a local enterprise can import a foreign product that might be an important input to goods or service will be taken away. In doing so, this agreement not only promotes economic efficiency for American exporters, but
5、 also undercuts arbitrary control and promotes the ability of local entrepreneurs to freely contract with foreign importers based not on party connections but on what makes economic sense. Economic freedom and economic efficiency gain at the same time. C The same is true for the free movement of goo
6、ds. Currently, anybody who does business in China will view distribution as, at best, a headache. The Chinese government controls virtually all aspects of the movement of goods, whether goods can be imported at all, the terms under which it enters, who can bring it in, and who can distribute, sell a
7、nd service it. Importing and exporting, and distribution rights are privileges granted by the Chinese government to only to a few. D Chinas WTO commitments in these areas are quite significant. The agreement changes these scarcely allotted privileges into rights that will be widely available to both
8、 Chinese and foreign businesses. China has agreed that in 3 years, all individuals and entities in China will be able to import most products into any part of China, and that foreign firms will be able to set up, own and operate their own distribution and related services. It will certainly help pro
9、mote and enhance the economic activities and people throughout the world would enjoy the freedom of businesses. E Again, however, the benefits go beyond economic efficiency. Every time the multiple areas in which people must seek permission from the government for distribution or trading are reduced
10、, the potential for a larger number of business transactions between Chinese entrepreneurs and American entrepreneurs is increased. As the weight of the government on everyday transactions becomes lighter, layers of middlemen are eliminated, and more and more Chinese salesmen, repairmen, and consume
11、rs will come into direct and daily contact with each other and with foreign companies. 1 The agreement can help us do business more smoothly and freely with the purpose of gaining more freedom and economic efficiency. 2 At present, the Chinese government still plays a key role in economic activities
12、, however, it will be improved as the WTO required for transparency. 3 It is significant that China implements the WTO commitments. 4 Chinese government still controls the business such as whether goods can be imported at all, the terms under which it enters, who can bring it in, and who can distrib
13、ute, sell and service it. 5 All individuals and entities in China will enjoy the freedom of doing businesses all over China, and so do the foreign companies. 6 Importing and exporting, and distribution rights are granted by the Chinese government as privileges to only a few. “ 7 The freedom of trade
14、 greatly improves economic efficiency and consumers will benefit a lot from the direct contact with businesses at home and abroad. 8 Quotas and tariff rates should be made public and transparent. 二、 PART TWO 8 Read this text taken from a business magazine. Choose the best sentence to fill each of th
15、e gaps. For each gap (9-14), mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet. Do not use any letter more than once. During the 1980s, most U. S. department stores stopped carrying furniture because turnover was too slow and costs were too high. That created an opportunity for smaller, limited-line stores
16、 specidlizing in bedding, upholstery, or casual dining.Now the Ikea (pronounced I- KEY-ah) retail chain is, in turn, shaking up these traditional home-furnishings retailers. When Ikea opened its first U. S. store in 1985, it had already developed a low-cost, low- service strategy that was successful
17、 in Sweden (where it started) and other parts of Europe. (9) . Its difficult for small retailers to compete with Ikeas low prices or the 12,000-item selection it offers in each of its 200,000-square-foot stores. (10) .But Ikea uses a clever store layout that helps consumers get information and make
18、purchase decisions without costly help from salespeople. A couch, for instance, is displayed both in a real life setting and in a group with other couches so people can compare and make purchase decisions. A 200-page catalog mailed to consumers who live within an hours drive of the storedetail price
19、s and specifications. Shoppers wheel the boxes of assemble-it-yourself furniture to the cash register themselves. The store doesnt offer delivery either. (11) Ikea does offer some services. For example, it starts a childrens playroom-because parents shop better when they dont have their kids in tow.
20、 (12) . (13) .But because Ikeas sales are so large, it designs its own quality furniture its customers will buy, and then contracts with a producer to make it. This also reduces distribution costs because the furniture is designed in a way it can be shipped disassembled. As an Ikea manager explains,
21、 “If we offered more services, out prices would go up. Our customers understand our strategy, which requires each of us to do a little in order to save a lot. They value our low prices.“ He seems to be correct, and Ikea sales will probably continue to grow as it opens new stores in Europe and the Un
22、ited States. However, Ikea may need to adapt its strategy including its service level to consumer differences and evolving competition. (14) .Some U. S. consumers, for example, complain that they have to wait in a long Ikea line only to find that a product is not in stock, and that theres no waiting
23、 list for the next shipment. A To keep costs low, service is Spartan. B Though successful, it still has room for improvement. C The two most important features of the mass-merchandising format are great variety of merchandise and low cost. D But most consumers can carry the “knock-down“ furniture ho
24、me in car. E Most furniture retailers buy producers product lines at big wholesale furniture markets. F The same mass-merchandising format is proving very popular with price-conscious consumers in the United States. G And a restaurant at the store offers consumers low-cost meals and a place to think
25、 over big purchase decisions. H That created an opportunity for smaller, limited-line stores specidlizing in bedding, upholstery, or casual dining. 三、 PART THREE 14 Read the following extract from an article about human resource and the questions For each question(15-20)， mark one letter(A， B， C， or
26、 D)on your Answer Sheet Human resource is one of the key factors in determining organizational coping and profitability Despite adverse market conditions and fluctuations， many organizations have implemented changes that seek to improve their competitiveness The consequences of organizational change
27、， however， can vary Sometimes， the employees may accept the change readily； at other times， the change is met with resistance and dissatisfaction of the employees Change and stress are closely related Because of the feelings of uncertainty， insecurity， and threat that it invokes， organizational chan
28、ge can be extremely stressful for the individual When change occurs， employees may be stressed by role overload，role ambiguity， and role boundary According to Selye， a little stress is actually good When stress is at its optimal level， it can increase human resource potential as it spurs individuals
29、 to achieve their best working performances However， stress can become negative and destructive when its optimal 1evel is exceeded This could result in individuals experiencing high levels of anxiety or depression， low job motivation， somatic problems such as headaches， loss of appetite， trouble sle
30、eping and ill health In an organization that has many of its employees overly stressed or burned out， there are many detrimental consequences such as higher absenteeism， lower productivity， lower job satisfaction， and low morale There is variation in the manner individuals respond to organizational
31、change Individuals may undergo a simiIar change process in the organization， but the stress evoked by the change can be perceived very differently Some individuals may regard change as a threat， feeling distressed and fearful of the uncertain consequences of the change Others may react to the change
32、 with outbursts of anger and complaints Yet there are also those who welcome change with an optimistic attitude， seeing change as a challenge， an opportunity for growth and improvement What accounts for the differences in experiencing change and perceiving stress forthese individuals? Many studies s
33、uggest organizational characteristics， such as workplaceclimate， empowerment， and information about change， as factors that affect an individuals adjustment to organizational change and stress However， the research is often focused on organization-level phenomena， rather than on individual factors E
34、very person has a distinct set of personality characteristics， owns different resources， and employs different coping strategies to deal with change This explains why coping with organizational change and stress can turn out to be very different experiences for individuals For instance， recent micro
35、-level research on individuals has identified dispositional traits that predict a persons ability to cope with change Hence， on top of looking at organizational factors， this study also examines individual factors that may help to maximize an individuals potential to work productively and efficientl
36、y in the midst of change 15 According to the second paragraph， what is the most possible and proper statement about the reason why change and stress are closely related? （ A） Change can be the motivation of stress and through their mutual interaction， there will be improvement （ B） Stress causes cha
37、nge to occur， and may bring negative effects such as the chang of the job and the reduction of the salary （ C） Organizational change is a primary cause of stress and when change occurs，employees often experience role stress （ D） Change and stress are a pair of phenomena that will both appear in the
38、process of employment 16 Why， according to Selye， is a little stress good to employees to some extent? （ A） As it mobilizes an individual to achieve peak performances in activities and tasks （ B） As， if without stress， nothing can be achieved successfully and fully （ C） As stress is an important way
39、 to prevent inaction and languor during the working process （ D） As stress is the ligament between the employees and the organizations and helps the organizations to identify qualified employees 17 According to the fourth paragraph what should the organization do about the impact of the stress? （ A）
40、 The organization should take some measures to prevent stress and provide more freedom for the employees （ B） It is in the organizationS best interest to reduce the amount of distress coming from the organizational change， so as to enhance its human resource potential （ C） The organization should di
41、sregard the impact， otherwise， the interest and efficiency could be affected （ D） The organization should know what causes the stress and eliminates the origins of the stress 18 What does the writer imply in the fourth paragraph? （ A） Organizations can increase communication and disseminate adequate
42、 information about the change to employees （ B） Organizations can help employees through training and educating them on how to cope with stress （ C） Organizations can create a supportive environment at the workplace and it is vital that both superiors and colleagues play a part （ D） That would be be
43、neficial for the company if the employees are in a good state of psychological and emotional well-being， instead of being overly stressed or burned out 19 From the last paragraph， in summary， what is the element that also causes differences in the way people experience change? （ A） The differences i
44、n the gender， age， nationality and personality （ B） Dispositional traits that predict a persons ability to cope with change （ C） It is maximizing an individuals potential to work productively and efficiently in the midst of change （ D） Differences in the way people perceive stress is also due to the
45、 uniqueness of individuals 20 What is the theme of lhis article? （ A） Maximizing human resource potential would mean that employees are in their top form performing for the organization （ B） The organizational change can affect human resource potential （ C） Organizations can increase communication a
46、nd disseminate adequate information about the change to employees （ D） Organizations can empower their employees to play a more active role in the implementation of change 四、 PART FOUR 20 Read the article below about monopoly Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A， B C or D For each questio
47、n(21-30) mark one letter(A， B， C or D)on your Answer Sheet Monopolv is one points the peculiar (21) which can affect the sale and purchase of certain commodities In some markets， there may be only one seller or a (22) of sellers working very closely together to control prices The result of such mono
48、polistic activitv is to fix prices at a level (23) to the seller， a level which may bring him artificially high profits Many governments dislike this procedure and have taken legal actions to (24) or halt such business activities In the U S anti-trust laws operate to limit cartels and mergers (25) i
49、n Britain the Monopolies Commission examines all special arrangements and mergers referred to them by the Board of Trade This type of monopoly is not the only (26) ， however There are three other forms： state， legal and natural State monopolies are quite common nowadays， where the (27) in a particular country control industries like steel and transport or important and prestigious revises like national airlines Legal monopolies are rather different，because the law pe
