1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 229及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 On the Origin of Body Language The Origin of Body Language has a lot to do with the emotions. The emotion
3、s are a hot topic of the 1990s. As we all know, social relationships are lubricated, glued together and【 1】 _ by the emotions. 【 1】 _ But how to express or develop emotions efficiently? Lets turn to Charles Darwins 1872 classic The Expression of the Emotions for answer. According to Darwin, emotions
4、 are expressed not【 2】 _but 【 2】 _ in body language. Darwin summed up three principles governing emotional expression. The first one refers to some emotions that are expressed in a way that i posturally appropriate for the related【 3】 _. Darwin called these 【 3】 _ expressions “serviceable associated
5、 habits,“ and they are the easiest to understand. His second principle is【 4】 _, which refers to some 【 4】 _ emotions that appear to be expressed by a【 5】 _opposite to that 【 5】 _ of the opposite emotion, this third principle, which has never found many supporters, is called the direct action of the
6、【 6】 _system trod it 【 6】 _ is used to explain, for instance, trembling as an expression of fear. Even before Darwin, some social and political theorists of the 18th century already held the general idea that emotional expression is unique to【 7】 _. They supposed that the Creator had installed blush
7、ing 【 7】 _ in humans to【 8】 _antisocial behavior and make social life possible.【 8】 _ Darwins original intention to write the book is to demonstrate the continuity of emotional expression between humans and many other 【 9】 _. But as his project grew it took on new dimensions, and 【 9】 _ he finally f
8、inished his book that was【 10】 _around his three 【 10】 _ principles of emotional expression but not the question of evolutionary continuity. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Lis
9、ten carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What does this interview mainly about? （ A） The need to contro
10、l population both in those underdeveloped countries and in developed countries. （ B） How to control population in Europe. （ C） Scarcity of food and other resources in the world. （ D） Population and environment. 12 According to the interviewee Mrs. Sutter, the reason for limiting population is that _
11、. （ A） the world has less space for people to live in （ B） the underdeveloped countries have great problems in increasing their productivity to produce more materials （ C） population is directly related to consuming food and other resources, which are being run out （ D） people are always destroying
12、their living environment 13 According to the interviewee, why is it necessary to limit the population even in Europe and America? （ A） European people and American people shouldnt shirk the responsibility of the whole globe. （ B） The people in Europe and Americas consume a far greater proportion of
13、the worlds resources and the worlds food. （ C） The number of the people in Europe and Americas is no less than that of in underdeveloped world. （ D） They can save more to meet tile needs of the underdeveloped world. 14 According to the interviewee, under what circumstance is it possible to increase
14、population? （ A） We raise productivity and produce more food. （ B） We are willing to eat less food and use less material. （ C） We find another planet to live on. （ D） The developed world is willing to help the underdeveloped world. 15 According to the interviewee, which section of population should
15、free birth control techniques be NOT compulsory? （ A） Upper-middle class people. （ B） High IQ intelligentsia. （ C） Those who have less than three children. （ D） Those who have more than three children. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen ca
16、refully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The main purpose of the Wednesday meeting of Pakistani Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh is to _. （ A） discuss border issues （
17、B） to develop regional trade （ C） to open a new cross-border bus-route （ D） to reopen discussion on Kashmir issue 17 Over Kashmir, India and Pakistan have fought _ wars. （ A） one （ B） two （ C） three （ D） four 18 The French police arrested a man because _. （ A） he has planted a bomb in Lille （ B） he
18、is going to plant a bomb in Lille （ C） he was instructed over the phone to plant a bomb in Lille （ D） he instructed others to plant a bomb in Lille 19 What happened in Algeria Tuesday? （ A） A bomb explosion. （ B） Murder. （ C） Massacres. （ D） Air-crash. 20 Where did that bomb go off? （ A） At a railwa
19、y station. （ B） At a bus center. （ C） In the countryside. （ D） At an airport. 20 The development of toothpaste began as long ago as 3000/5000 BC in the ancient countries of China and India. According to Chinese history, Huang-Ti claimed different types of pain felt in the mouth could be cured by sti
20、cking gold and silver needles into different parts of the jaw and gum. h was theories such as these that led to the development of dental cream. During the years 3000/5000 BC, Egyptians made toothpaste using a recipe of powdered ashes of hooves of oxen, myrrh, powdered and burned eggshells and pumic
21、e. It is assumed that the ancient Egyptians used their fingers to rub the mixture onto teeth. The tooth stick, the forerunner of the toothbrush, had not, as far as is known, been discovered at this time. From the records of the ancient countries of India, China and Egypt, it was the Greeks and Roman
22、s who developed and improved toothpaste and developed a leaden instrument for the extraction of teeth. They were also the first to bind loose teeth together and to support artificial teeth by means of gold wire. During 1000 AD, the Persians gave advice on the dangers of using hard toothpowders and r
23、ecommendations were made to make toothpowder from burnt hartshorn, the burnt shells of snails and oysters and burned gypsum. Other Persian recipes included dried animal parts, herbs, honey and minerals. One formula for strengthening teeth included green lead, verdigris, incense, honey and powdered f
24、lint stone. Toothpowder or dentifrice was first available in Britain in the late 18th century. It came in a ceramic pot and was available either as a powder or paste. The rich applied it with brushes and the poor with their fingers. The powders were developed by doctors, dentists and chemists and of
25、ten contained ingredients that were highly abrasive and harmful to the teeth, such as brick dust, china, earthenware or cuttlefish, and to make them more palatable, they contained glycerine. By the early nineteenth century, the ingredient stronchium was introduced, to strengthen teeth and reduce sen
26、sitivity, but it only really concentrated on the gums. In the late 18th century, borax powder was used to get the foaming effect. In 1873, an aromatic toothpaste in a jar was introduced in the U.S. and in 1896, Dental Cream was first packaged in collapsible tubes. Before the Second World War, the ma
27、jority of toothpaste on the market used soap as an emulsifying agent, even though it was known that soap had certain inherent defects. 21 What is the main subject of the passage? （ A） Methods of cleaning teeth. （ B） Methods of caring for teeth. （ C） Development of toothpaste. （ D） Dental history. 22
28、 According to the passage, it can be inferred that the Greeks and Romans _. （ A） also developed the toothbrush （ B） were the first to support artificial teeth （ C） had more dental problems than other cultures （ D） did not keep records of their dental practices 23 According to the passage, stronchium
29、 was most useful for_. （ A） strengthening teeth （ B） getting a foaming effect （ C） reducing sensitivity （ D） gums 23 Soil quality is one of the most basic and perhaps least understood indicators of land health. Soil supports plant growth and represents the living reservoir that buffers tile flows of
30、 water, nutrients, and energy through an ecosystem. Soil quality refers to the capacity of a soil to perform these beneficial functions and is determined by its texture, structure, water-holding capacity, porosity, organic matter content, and depth, among other properties. Because soils naturally va
31、ry in their capacity to perform these functions, we must tie our understanding of soil quality to landscapes and land use. We must understand soil quality for two important reasons: First, we must match our use and management of land to soil capability. Second, we must establish baseline understandi
32、ng about soil quality so we can recognize ongoing trends. If soil quality is stable or improving, we have a good indicator that the ecosystem is sustainable. If soil quality is deteriorating, the larger ecosystem will almost certainly decline with it. People describe soil types in all kinds of ways
33、such as heavy, light, sandy, clay, loam, poor or good. Soil scientists describe soil types by how much sand, silt and clay is present. This is called texture. It is possible to change the texture by adding different things to the soil. You can roughly estimate the texture of a soil by a simply metho
34、d called “manual texturing“, through determining the feel of a moist sample when rubbed between the thumb and forefinger. If the soil sample is predominantly sand, it will feel very gritty. If it is predominantly silt, it will feel smooth or slippery to the touch. And if it is predominantly clay, it
35、 will feel sticky. Particle size has a lot to do with a soils drainage and nutrient holding capacity. Sand is the largest particle and doesnt hold many nutrients. Silt is a soil particle whose size is between sand and clay. When wet, silt feels smooth but not sticky. Clay is smooth when dry and stic
36、ky when wet. Soils high in clay content are called heavy soils. Clay also can hold a lot of nutrients, but doesnt let air and water through it well. To better understand how big these three soil particles are, think of them like this. If a particle of sand were the size of a basketball, then silt wo
37、uld be the size of a baseball, and clay would be the size of a golf ball. 24 What does the passage mainly discuss? （ A） Characteristics of soil quality. （ B） Particles typically found in soils. （ C） The importance of soil texture. （ D） How to determine soil texture. 25 It can be inferred from paragr
38、aph I that ff we dont take account of the fact that soils vary so much,_. （ A） we wont know their properties （ B） we wont make best use of the land （ C） the ecosystem will fail （ D） the row of water will deteriorate 26 It can be inferred from the passage that a soil sample with little or no clay in
39、it _. （ A） will feel smooth when wet （ B） may not keep its shape when molded （ C） will be difficult to classify （ D） may be sticky if too wet 26 Prefer (i) Prefer is normally followed by to, not than: “1 prefer coffee to tea“, “She preferred sewing to knitting“, “We prefer going by car to traveling
40、by train“. The difficulty arises when infinitives are involved. We cannot say “She preferred to sew to to knit.“ In such cases we use rather than, but never than alone. Occasionally (more often in literary than in spoken style ) rather is brought forward and placed before the first infinitive, and t
41、han is left before the second: “He preferred rather to take the whole blame himself than to allow it to fall on the innocent“. (ii) Even with nouns rather than is permissible in a situation where a choice specifically for that occasion is involved. Thus “I prefer port to sherry“ expresses a general
42、preference. But if the question is “What shall we have to drink? Port?. Sherry.*“, the reply might be, “I should prefer port rather than sherry“. Perhaps there is a vague feeling that the infinitive to have is understood before each of the alternatives. But “I should prefer port to sherry“ is also c
43、orrect. (iii) “Which do you prefer most?“ is incorrect. Literally, prefer means “place before the other(s) “. It is therefore an absolute term, and cannot be modified by more or most. 27 According to the entry, which of the following sentences is/are correct? (1) People here prefer to tide their own
44、 bicycles than riding the town buses. (2) People here prefer riding their own bicycles than riding the town buses. (3) People here prefer tidi （ A） They are all correct. （ B） They are all correct except (4). （ C） Both (2) and (3) are correct. （ D） Only (3) is correct. 28 According to the entry, the
45、sentence “My mother preferred rather to live in the country than to live in the city“ is_. （ A） very common in both written mid spoken English （ B） very rare in both written and spoken English （ C） more common in spoken than in written English （ D） more common in written than in spoken English 28 Me
46、sa Verde is the center of the prehistoric Anasazi culture. It is located in the high plateau lands near Four Corners, where Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona come together. This high ground is majestic but not forbidding. The climate is dry, but tiny streams trickle at the bottom of deeply cut
47、 canyons, where seeps and springs provided water for the Anasazi to irrigate their crops. Rich red soil provided fertile ground for their crops of corn, beans, squash, tobacco, and cotton. The Anasazi domesticated the wild turkey and hunted deer, rabbits, and mountain sheep. For a thousand years the
48、 Anasazi lived around Mesa Verde. Although the Anasazi are not related to the Navajos, no one knows what these Indians called themselves, and so they are commonly referred to by their Navajo name, Anasazi, which means “ancient ones“ in the Navajo language. Around 550 A. D. , early Anasazi-then a nom
49、adic people archaeologists call the Basketmakers began constructing permanent homes on mesa tops. In the next 300 years, the Anasazi made rapid technological advancements, including the refinement of not only basket-making but also pottery-making and weaving. This phase of development is referred to as the Early Pueblo Culture. By the Great Pueblo Period (1100 -1300 A. D. ), the Ana
