1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 316 及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture
2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Coming Home: Life After Studying Abroad Many returnees who have studied abroad may suffer re-entry cultu
3、re shock when they go back to their home town. Here some positive ways of dealing with the return culture shock are introduced. I. The (1)of Re-Entry 【 1】 _ Re-entry is ones (2)experience of re-adjusting to 【 2】 _ life in ones home culture after living abroad. For many study abroad returnees, it is
4、more difficult to adjust to their home culture than the (3). 【 3】 _ II. Some Common Re-Adjustment Issues 1. Personal growth and change When you come back, you have changed in many ways because you have experienced more freedom and (4)living abroad. 【 4】 _ You have to adjust your new self to your old
5、 home. 2. New Knowledge and Skills When living abroad, you might develop new competencies including new knowledge, skills and (5). 【 5】 _ Some returnees feel frustrated if they feel these skills are of little use once they return home. 3. Relationships with Family and Friends Personal changes of ret
6、urnees affect their families and friends who show little interest in hearing about their new experiences and attempt to make them (6)to what 【 6】 _ they once were. III. (7)Dealing with Re-Entry Problems 【 7】 _ 1. Talk with people who understand (8), for example, 【 8】 _ other returnees. 2. Share your
7、 experiences with (9)study abroad 【 9】 _ students or write an article for some publications. 3. Be (10). You may get involved in work where 【 10】 _ international experiences and perspectives are appreciated. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW
8、Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview
9、. 11 Pauline failed to catch the flight because_. （ A） her ticket was not confirmed （ B） she booked her ticket at the wrong place （ C） she didnt have the right documents （ D） her visa had run out 12 Which of the following did NOT occur? （ A） Pauline visited one of Londons parks. （ B） Pauline went to
10、 the airport by taxi. （ C） Pauline contacted the airline by telephone. （ D） Pauline stayed the night in London. 13 In Ibiza, Pauline took a taxi because_. （ A） she had too much luggage （ B） nobody came to pick her up （ C） the plane was delayed （ D） her friends home was far away 14 Pauline learned he
11、r friends address in_. （ A） Newcastle （ B） Gatwick （ C） London （ D） Luton 15 From the conversation we get the impression that_. （ A） some official agencies in London are efficient （ B） taxi drivers abroad always overcharge strangers （ C） customs formalities in Britain are flexible （ D） travel agents
12、 tend to misinform people SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 _has been global No. 1 automaker for m
13、any years. （ A） Toyota （ B） Benz （ C） The Dow Industrials （ D） General Motors 17 The NASDAQ Composite lost （ A） 1.5% （ B） 3% （ C） 0.67% （ D） 0.78% 18 The space agencys chief safety officer _ NASAs plan to launch Discovery. （ A） vetoed （ B） sanctioned （ C） supported （ D） disapproved 19 In his Southea
14、st Asia tour, President Bush did all of the following EXCEPT to _. （ A） visit Singapore （ B） attend a summit of Asia-Pacific leaders in Singapore （ C） meet Singapore officials （ D） enjoy Asian civilizations 20 According to Rice, what must Asia-Pacific nations do to maintain economic prosperity? （ A）
15、 They must cooperate with one another. （ B） They must further promote trade relationships. （ C） They must combat security threats such as terrorism. （ D） They must come up with effective trade plans in the APEC forum. 20 Critics and supporters of the United Nations have sometimes seen worlds apart.
16、But since last year, almost all of them, whether multilateralist or unilateralist, American or European, have come to agree that the organization is in crisis. This week, a blue ribbon panel commissioned by the bodys secretary-general, Kofi Annan, released its report on what to do about it. The U. N
17、. s sorry state became most obvious with the Iraq war. Those favoring the war were furious that after a decade of Security Council resolutions, including the last-chance Resolution 1441 threatening “serious consequences“ if Iraq did not prove its disarmament, the U. N. could not agree to act. Anti-w
18、ar types were just as frustrated that the world body failed to stop the war. But Iraq was not the U. N.s only problem. It has done little to stop humanitarian disasters, such as the ongoing horror in Sudan. And it has done nothing to stop Irans and North Koreas pursuit of nuclear weapons. Recognizin
19、g the danger of irrelevance, Mr. Annan last year told a 16-member panel, composed mainly of former government ministers and heads of government, to suggest changes. These fall broadly into two categories: the institutional and the cultural. The former has got most of the headlines - particularly a c
20、all for changing the structure of the Security Council. But changes in the U. N. s working practices are crucial too. Everyone agrees that the Security Council is an unrepresentative relic: of its 15 seats, five are occupied by permanent, veto-wielding members (America, Russia, China, Britain and Fr
21、ance) and ten go to countries that rotate every two years and have no veto. But that the councils composition is a throwback to the world order immediately after the Second World War has been agreed on for decades, without any success in changing it. Japan and Germany, the secondand thirdbiggest con
22、tributors to the U.N. budget, believe they are entitled to permanent seats. So does India, the worlds second-most- populous country, and Brazil, Latin Americas biggest. Unlike in previous efforts, these four have finally banded together to press their case. And they are joined in spirit by the Afric
23、ans, who want two seats for their continent. But each aspirant has opponents. Italy opposes a permanent seat for Germany, which would make Italy the only biggish European power. It instead proposes a single seat for the European Union, a non- starter since this would require Britain and France to gi
24、ve up theirs, and regional institutions cannot be U.N. members under the current U.N. Charter. Spanish-speaking Mexico and Argentina do not think Portuguese-speaking Brazil should represent Latin America, and Pakistan strongly opposes its rival Indias bid. As for potential African seats, Egypt claim
25、s one as the representative of the Muslim and Arab world. That would leave Nigeria, the continents most populous country, and South Africa, which is richer and a more stable democracy, fighting for the other. The panel has proposed two alternatives. The first would give six countries ( none is named
26、 but probably Germany, Japan, India, Brazil and two African countries) permanent seats without a veto, and create three extra non-permanent seats, bringing the total number of council members to 24. The second, which would expand the council by the same number of seats, creates a new middle tier of
27、members who would serve for four years and could be immediately re-elected, above the current lower tier of two-year members, who cannot be re-elected. The rivals to the would-be permanent members favor this option. While Security Council reform may be the most visible of the proposals, the panel ha
28、s also shared its views on the guidelines on when members may use force legally, tinder the U. N. Charter, they can do so in two circumstances only: Article 51 allows force in a clear case of self-defense, and Chapter permits its use when the Security Council agrees. While the panelists have not pro
29、posed major changes to these two parts of the Charter, they have offered refinements. Though the Charter was written to govern war between countries, the panel argues that even without revision, Chapter lets the Security Council authorize force for more controversial, modem reasons like fighting ter
30、rorists and intervention in states committing humanitarian horrors. It even considers “preventive“ wars against serious but non-imminent threats potentially justifiable. But the panel also says any decision to use force must pass five tests: the threat must be grave; the primary purpose must be to a
31、vert the threat; force must be a last resort; means must be proportional; and there must be a reasonable chance that force will succeed without calamitous consequences. All common-sense stuff, but the panel proposes making these tests explicit (if subjective and unofficial), thus raising the quality
32、 of debate about any decision to go to war. On top of this, the report urges the U.N. to make better use of its assets in the fight against terrorism. One of the obstacles to an effective counter-terrorism strategy has been U.N. members inability to agree on a definition of terrorism. The panel trie
33、s to help by defining it as “any action that is intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants“; Arab countries may continue to press for exemptions in the case of “foreign occupation“. The report also deals with what it sees as a possible “cascade of nuclear prolifera
34、tion“ in the near future. It recommends creating more incentives for countries to stop enriching uranium. 21 What can be inferred about the U. N. in the Iraq war? （ A） It was efficient in controlling the damage brought by the war. （ B） It was active in preventing Iraq from pursuing nuclear weapons.
35、（ C） It met the expectations of neither the pro-war side nor the anti-war side. （ D） It was brought into crisis on account of the war. 22 Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of Security Council? （ A） It may lead to chaos of world order. （ B） There has been no attempt to change it. （ C
36、） Countries often unite to ask for permanent seats. （ D） There are always negative forces for each attempt to change it. 23 The middle tier of members in the proposed structural changes of the U. N. would _. （ A） have a veto （ B） be permanent （ C） be elected again every four years （ D） comprise 9 me
37、mbers 24 “.they have offered refinements“ in paragraph 7 means that _. （ A） the panelists have attempted to make changes to the Charter （ B） the panelists have proposed minor alternatives to the Charter （ C） the panelists have examined the Charter thoroughly enough （ D） the panelists have made the C
38、harter more logical in expression 25 The panel report includes all EXCEPT _. （ A） analysis of current crisis of the U. N. （ B） suggestion regarding structural changes to the U. N. （ C） revision to the U. N. Charter concerning legal use of force （ D） advice on use of the U. N. budget in anti-terroris
39、m 26 Whats the main topic of the passage? （ A） The current crisis of the U. N. （ B） Suggestion on changes in working practices of file U. N. （ C） Improvement in the efficiency of the U. N. （ D） The U. N. in the Iraq war. 26 Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offer
40、s evidence that education protects the mind from the brains physical deterioration. It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually ha
41、d more brain shrinkage. “That may seem like bad news,“ said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their men
42、tal functioning begins to break down. The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the “reserve“ hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more e
43、ducated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare. Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women aged 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Ye
44、t on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal. “Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,“ Coffey said. “People lose (on average) 2.5 percent adecade starting at adulthood.“ There is, however, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no
45、signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, lie said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood. In the absence of such medical conditions,
46、Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss. Coffey and colleagues ganged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of f
47、luid means the greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebro
48、spinal fluid around the brain. For example, Coffeys team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling. Of course, achieving a particul
49、ar education level is not the definitive measure of someones mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be “a proxy for many things“. More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such as smoking, which harm overall health. But Coffey said that his teams findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise. “The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain
