1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 349及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 American Jazz Musician Louis Armstrong Armstrong was born in New Orleans. He was so poor during his child
3、hood that sometimes【 1】 garbage cans for supper. 【 1】 _ . The spirit of Armstrongs world not【 2】 by: 【 2】 _ 1) the【 3】 of poverty and 【 3】 _ 2) the dangers of wild living. . Armstrongs life before 1920s: 1) Armstrongs dancing for pennies and【 4】 for his supper【 4】 _ with a strolling quartet of other
4、 kids. 2) Having his dreams like other American boys, regardless of his point of social【 5】 . 【 5】 _ 3) The places he played and the people he knew were sweet and【 6】 at one end of the spectrum and rough at the other. 【 6】 _ 4) Experiences, pomp, humor, erotic charisma, grief, majesty, the profoundl
5、y gruesome and monumentally spiritual came into his【 7】 . 【 7】 _ . Armstrongs life from 1920 on: 1) Armstrong would be angry if somebody intended to challenge him. 2) Musicians were used to have “cutting sessions“: battles of【 8】 and stamina. 【 8】_ 3) The melodic and rhythmic vistas Armstrong【 9】 so
6、lved the mind-body problem. 【 9】 _ Louise Armstrong was so great that the big bands sounded like him, their featured improvisers took direction from him, and every school of jazz since has had to address how he【 10】 the basics of the idiom-swing, blues, ballads and Afro-Hispanic rhythms. 【 10】 _ 1 【
7、 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be giv
8、en 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Who are the speakers? （ A） Salesmen. （ B） Editors. （ C） Cooks. （ D） Advertising agents. 12 What product are they talking about? （ A） Kitchen. （ B） Deep-freezer. （ C） Mobility units. （ D） Cake mixer. 13 What
9、 is the relationship between the two speakers? （ A） Employer and employee. （ B） Salesman and customer. （ C） Advertiser and customer. （ D） Colleagues. 14 How is the kitchen different from all other kitchens on the market? （ A） It is easier to clean and repair. （ B） It is non-fixed and flexible. （ C）
10、All its units are of the same height. （ D） Its chopping board is nearer to the sink. 15 What can you infer from the conversation? （ A） Terry knows less about kitchen than Joyce. （ B） Joyce knows more about kitchen than Joyce. （ C） Terry knows as much about the kitchen as Joyce. （ D） Terry knows as m
11、uch about the kitchen as Joyce. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Most of the thirty-thousand peop
12、le were _ about Mr. Sarkozys victory. （ A） nervous （ B） worried （ C） optimistic （ D） pessimistic 17 Mr. Sarkozy won _ percent of the vote, which gave him a comfortable majority over his opponent. （ A） 35 （ B） 53 （ C） 63 （ D） 51 18 According to .the news, many of American greatest military heroes are
13、 buried in _. （ A） Kabul （ B） Arlington （ C） Baghdad （ D） Kandahar 19 What is the feature of TATP? （ A） It is an simple explosive. （ B） It is a military explosive. （ C） It is made in U.S. factories. （ D） It can be easily made indoors. 20 Richard Reid tried to bomb a plane with the bomb _. （ A） provi
14、ded by terrorists （ B） stolen from the military （ C） made according to the methods shown in Internet （ D） made in his lab 20 Fish farming in the desert may at first sound like an anomaly, but in Israel over the last decade a scientific hunch has turned into a bustling business. Scientists here say t
15、hey realized they were no to something when they found that brackish water drilled from underground desert aquifers (含土水层 ) hundreds of feet deep could be used to raise warm-water fish. The geothermal water, less than one-tenth as saline as sea water, free of pollutants and a toasty 98 degrees on av
16、erage, proved an ideal match. “It was not simple to convince people that growing fish in the desert makes sense,“ said Samuel Appelbaum, a professor and fish biologist at the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research at the Sede Boqer campus of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. “It is importa
17、nt to stop with the reputation that arid land is nonfertile, useless land,“ said Professor Appelbaum, who pioneered the concept of desert aquaculture in Israel in the late 1980s. “We should consider arid land where subsurface water exists as land that has great opportunities, especially in food prod
18、uction because of the low level of competition on the land itself and because it gives opportunities to its inhabitants.“ The next step in this country, where water is scarce and expensive, was to show farmers that they could later use the water in which the fish are raised to irrigate their crops i
19、n a system called double usage. The organic waste produced by the cultured fish makes the water especially useful, because it acts as fertilizer for the crops. Fields watered by brackish water dot Israels Negev and Arava Deserts in the south of the country, where they spread out like green blankets
20、against a landscape of sand dunes and rocky outcrops. At Kibbutz Mashabbe Sade in the Negev, the recycled water from the fish ponds is used to irrigate acres of olive and jojoba groves. Elsewhere it is also used for irrigating date palms and alfalfa. The chain of multiple users for the water is pote
21、ntially a model that can be copied, especially in arid third world countries where farmers struggle to produce crops, and Israeli scientists have recently been peddling their ideas abroad. Dry lands cover about 40 percent of the planet, and the people who live on them are often among the poorest in
22、the world. Scientists are working to share the desert aquaculture technology they fine-turned here with Tanzania, India, Australia and China, among others. (Similar methods offish farming are being used in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona.) “Each farm could run itself, which is important in the develop
23、ing world,“ said Alon Tal, a leading Israeli environmental activist who recently organized a conference on desertification, with the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification and Ben-Gurion University, that brought policy makers and scientists from 30 countries to Israel. “A whole village
24、could adopt such a system,“ Dr. Tal added. At the conference, Gregoire de Kalbermatten, deputy secretary general of the antidesertification group at the United Nations, said, “We need to learn from the resilience of Israel in developing dry lands.“ Israel, long heralded for its agricultural success
25、in the desert through innovative technologies like drip irrigation, has found ways to use low-quality water and what is considered terrible soil to grow produce like sweet cherry tomatoes, people, asparagus and melon, marketing much of it abroad to Europe, especially during winter. The history of fi
26、sh-farming in nondesert areas here, mostly in the Galilee region near the sea, dates back to the late 1920s, before Israel was established as a state. At the time, the country was extremely poor and meat was considered a luxury. But fish was a cheap food source, so fish farms were set up on several
27、kibbutzim in the Galilee. The early Jewish farmers were mostly Eastern Europeans, and Professor Safriel said, “they only knew gefilte fish, so they grew carp.“ Eventually they expanded to other varieties of fish including tilapia, striped bass and mullet, as well as ornamental fish. The past decade
28、has seen the establishment of about 15 fish farms producing both edible and ornamental fish in the Negev and Arava Deserts. Fish farming, meanwhile, has became more lucrative worldwide as people seek more fish in their diet for better health, and ocean fisheries increasingly are being depleted. The
29、practice is not without critics, who say it can harm the environment and the fish. In Israel there was a decision by the government to stop fish fanning in the Red Sea near the southern city of Eilat by 2008 because it was deemed damaging to nearby coral reefs. Some also argue that the industry is n
30、ot sustainable in the long term because most of the fish that are fanned are carnivorous and must be fed a protein-rich diet of other fish, usually caught in the wild. Another criticism is that large numbers of fish are kept in relatively small areas, leading to a higher risk of disease. Professor A
31、ppelbaum said the controversy surrounding fish farming in ocean areas does not apply to desert aquaculture, which is in an isolated, controlled area, with much less competition for resources. 21 Fish farming in the desert is possible because_. （ A） fresh water can be drilled from underground desert
32、aquifers （ B） the water drilled from the underground desert aquifers is only one-tenth as salty as sea water （ C） the water drilled from the underground desert aquifers contains more nutritious elements than fresh water （ D） the water drilled from the underground desert aquifers is not as hot as the
33、 sea water 22 According to Professor Appelbaum, what is the important step to convince people it is possible to develop fish farming in desert? （ A） To inform them fish farming is a lucrative industry worldwide as people seek more fish in their diet for better health. （ B） To rid them of the preconc
34、eption that arid land is unfertile and useless. （ C） To help them with technical support. （ D） To persuade government to provide more economic support. 23 Israeli scientists are working to share their desert aquaculture technology with countries like Tanzania, India and China because_. （ A） all of t
35、hem are third world countries （ B） these countries are still struggling with lack of enough food （ C） these countries are covered by large areas of dry land （ D） people who live in these countries are among the poorest in the world 24 According to Uriel Safriel, what is the important force that driv
36、ers Israeli scientists to develop desert aquiculture as well as agriculture technologies? （ A） The fact that Israel is a country where fresh water is scarce and valuable. （ B） The fact that Israelis are forced to wring food from arid lands. （ C） The Israeli determination to reconstruct their country
37、. （ D） The Hebrew belief that desert is a reconstruct their country. 25 Which of the following statements offish farming in Israel is right? （ A） The history offish farming in desert in Israel can be traced back to the 1920s. （ B） Fish farming in desert may to harm to the environment. （ C） Fish farm
38、ing in desert may not be sustainable in the long term. （ D） Fish farming in desert is more advantageous than that in ocean areas. 25 One thing that distinguishes the online world from the real one is that it is very easy to find things. To find a copy of The Economist in print, one has to go to a ne
39、ws-stand, which may or may not carry it. Finding it online, though, is a different proposition. Just go to Google, type in “economist“ and you will be instantly directed to . Though it is difficult to remember now, this was not always the case. Indeed, until Google, now the worlds most popular searc
40、h engine, came on to the scene in September 1998, it was not the case at all. As in the physical world, searching online was a hit-or-miss affair. Google was vastly better than anything that had come before: so much better, in fact, that it changed the way many people use the web. Almost overnight,
41、it made the web far more useful, particularly for non- specialist users, many of whom now regard Google as the internets front door. The recent fuss over Googles stock market flotation obscures its far wider social significance: few technologies, after all, are so influential that their names become
42、 used as verbs. Google began in 1998 as an academic research project by Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page, who were then graduate students at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It was not the first search engine, of course. Existing search engines were able to scan or “crawl“ a large portion
43、of the web, build an index, and then find pages that matched particular words. But they were less good at presenting those pages, which might number in the hundreds of thousands, in a useful way. Mr Brins and Mr Pages accomplishment was to devise a way to sort the results by determining which pages
44、were likely to be most relevant. They did so using a mathematical recipe, or algorithm, called PageRank. This algorithm is at the heart of Googles success, distinguishing it from all previous search engines and accounting for its apparently magical ability to find the most useful web pages. Untangli
45、ng the web PageRank works by analysing the structure of the web itself. Each of its billions of pages can link to other pages, and can also, in turn, be linked to. Mr Brin and Mr Page reasoned that if a page was linked to many other pages, it was likely to be important. Furthermore, if the pages tha
46、t linked to a page were important, then that page was even. more likely to be important. There is, of course, an inherent circularity to this formulathe importance of one page depends on the importance of pages that link to it, the importance of which depends in turn on the importance of pages that
47、link to them. But using some mathematical tricks, this circularity can be resolved, and each page can be given a score that reflects its importance. The simplest way to calculate the score for each page is to perform a repeating or “iterative“ calculation I see article). To start with, all pages are
48、 given the same score. Then each link from one page to another is counted as a “vote“ for the destination page. Each pages score is recalculated by adding up the contribution from each incoming link, which is simply the score of the linking page divided by the number of outgoing links on that page.
49、(Each pages score is thus shared out among the pages it links to.) Once all the scores have been recalculated, the process is repeated using the new scores, until the scores settle down and stop changing (in mathematical jargon, the calculation “converges“. The final scores can then be used to rank search results: pages that match a particular set of search terms are displayed in order of. descending score, so that the page deemed most i
