1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 35及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The name “Queen Victoria“【 1】 _up a picture of a small, plump old lady. It is hard to 【 1】 _ visualise her
3、 as a child. Yet, of course, she was once young and not always the formidable matriarch and magnificent Queen-Empress of popular legend. Victoria was born on a bright spring day, in the【 2】 _of London. She bore a marked 【 2】 _ resemblance to her ancestors. By 1798 Victorias grandfather, King George
4、was severely ill. Victorias father, Edward, Duke of Kent, was the old Kings fourth son, but since his three elder brothers were without【 3】 _, 【 3】 _ there seemed a good chance that he might one day himself become King. Between the seven princes and five princesses of the royal family, not one of th
5、em had a【 4】 _child to carry 【 4】 _ on the succession. The Prince of Wales had one child, the Princess Charlotte, who in time would have become Queen, but she died in childbirth in the autumn of 1817 Edward and Victoire met in 1816 Soon after Charlottes death, Edward proposed to Victoire, and the co
6、uple were married the following summer. Victoire of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld was 31 years old when she married the English Duke, a prettywoman with dark hair and sparking eyes, with a fine figure and lively ways. A German Princess of【 5】 _ 【 5】 _ lineage but little【 6】 _, she had been first married at t
7、he age of 17 to Prince Emich 【 6】 _ Charles of Leiningren. Together they had weathered the storms of the Napoleonic invasions of Germany, their tiny principality【 7】 _by the wars. Emich Charles died only a few months after 【 7】 _ the first defeat of Napoleon, in 1814, leaving his widow with two smal
8、l children. Her marriage with the Duke of Kent seemed to promise Victoire a【 8】 _future, taking her away from her narrow 【 8】 _ existence in the village of Amorbach, with its careful economies and restricted social life, into one of the leading Courts of Europe, with the chance of one day becoming a
9、 queen. In the summer of 1818 Edward brought his bride to England. The Duke was【 9】 _that his 【 9】 _ child should be born in his native land, and by dint of【 10】 _from his long-suffering friends, 【 10】 _ he managed to bring his wife back to England in time for the babys birth. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4
10、 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to an
11、swer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Pauline failed to catch the flight because （ A） her ticket was not confirmed. （ B） she booked her ticket at the wrong place. （ C） she didnt have the right documents. （ D） her visa had run out. 12 Which of the following did NO
12、T occur? （ A） Pauline visited one of Londons parks. （ B） Pauline went to the airport by taxi. （ C） Pauline contacted the airline by telephone. （ D） Pauline stayed the night in London. 13 In Ibiza, Pauline took a taxi because （ A） she had too much luggage. （ B） nobody came to pick her up. （ C） the pl
13、ane was delayed. （ D） her friends home was far away. 14 Pauline learned her friends address in_. （ A） Newcastle. （ B） Gatwick. （ C） London. （ D） Luton. 15 From the conversation we get the impression that_. （ A） some official agencies in London are efficient. （ B） taxi drivers abroad always overcharg
14、e strangers. （ C） customs formalities in Britain are flexible. （ D） travel agents tend to misinform people. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be g
15、iven 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following is not the reason for English couples divorce? （ A） Mrs. Turner moved the furniture for 38 years. （ B） Mr. Turner could not bear her. （ C） Mr. Turner had committed adultery since January. （ D） Mrs. Turner refused to stop the moving o
16、f furniture. 17 Why did the couple moved from the matrimonial home into a caravan with some of the furniture fixed to the floor? （ A） They hoped it could cure Mrs. Turners illness. （ B） They were tired of old environment. （ C） They hoped the obsession would stop. （ D） They wanted to lead a new life.
17、 18 What was the motivation of the massacre in 1982? （ A） Saddam hated Shiite （ B） Shiite rebelled （ C） A revenge for a failed assassination （ D） Declaring war on Shiite 19 Which statement is not true? （ A） The preliminary investigation into the massacre has been finished （ B） Dozens of people were
18、killed in that massacre （ C） Saddam would be the only one who had to face death penalty if convicted （ D） That massacre happened 50 miles north of Baghdad 20 All these happened in 1980s except_. （ A） the massacre of dozens of Shiite villagers （ B） the suppression of a Shiite revolt in the south （ C）
19、 the campaign to drive Iraqi Kurds （ D） war on Kuwait 20 Linguists have found that sign languages and spoken languages share many features. Like spoken languages, which use units of sounds to produce words, sign languages use units of form. These units are composed of four basic hand forms: hand sha
20、pe, such as an open hand or closed fist; hand location, such as on the middle of the forehead or in front of the chest; hand movement, such as upward or downward; and hand orientation, such as the palm facing up or out. In spoken languages units of sound combine to make meaning. Separately, b, e, an
21、d t have no meaning. However, together they form the word bet. Sign languages contain units of form that by themselves hold no meaning, but when combined create a word. Spoken languages and sign languages differ in the way these units combine to make words, however. In spoken languages units of soun
22、d and meaning are combined sequentially. In sign languages, units of form and meaning are typically combined simultaneously. In American Sign Language (ASL) signs follow a certain order, just as words do in spoken English. However, in ASL one sign can express meaning that would necessitate the use o
23、f several words in speech. For example, the words in the statement “I stared at it for a long time“ each contain a unit of meaning. In ASL, this same sentence would be expressed as a single sign. The signer forms “look at“ by making a under the eyes with the first and middle fingers of the right han
24、d. The hand moves out toward the object being looked at, repeatedly tracing an oval to indicate “over a long time.“ To express the adverb “intently“ the signer squints the eyes and purses the lips. (To purse the lips is like saying mmmm; pull back and tighten the lips with the lips closed.) Although
25、 the English words used to describe the ASL signs are written out in order, in sign language a person forms the signs “look at,“ “long time,“ and “intently“ at the same time. ASL has a rich system for modifying the meaning of signs. Verbs such as “look at“ can be changed to indicate that the activit
26、y takes place without interruption, repeatedly, or over a long time. The adjective “sick,“ for example, is formed by placing the right middle finger on the forehead and the left middle finger on the stomach. By forming the sign “sick“ and repeatedly moving the left hand in a circle, the signer can i
27、ndicate that someone is characteristically or always sick. Facial grammar, such as raised eyebrows, also can modify meaning. For example, a signer can make the statement “He is smart“ by forming the ASL sign for “smart“ placing the middle finger at the forehead and then quickly pointing it outward a
28、s if toward another person to indicate “he.“ To pose the question “Is he smart?“ the sigher accompanies this sign with raised eyebrows and a slightly tilted head. People who sign sometimes use finger spelling to represent letters of the alphabet. In some sign languages, including ASL, finger spellin
29、g serves as a way to borrow words from spoken language. A deaf person might, for example, choose to fingerspell “d-o-g“ for “dog“ instead of using a sign. Several types of finger spelling systems exist. Linguists still have much to learn about the worlds sign languages. What has become clear is that
30、 hundreds, if not thousands, of sign languages exist around the world. 21 According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） Linguists have found that sign languages and spoken languages differ from each other in many features. （ B） Like spoken languages, which use units of fo
31、rm to produce words, sign languages use units of sounds. （ C） Separately, b, e, and t have a meaning and together they form the word bet. （ D） Spoken languages contain units of form that by themselves hold no meaning, but when combined create a word. 22 In the sentence “In spoken languages units of
32、sound and meaning are combined sequentially.“, the word “sequentially“ can be replaced by_. （ A） separately （ B） together （ C） consequently （ D） subsequently 23 According to the passage, what is the role of finger spelling in sign language? （ A） It is to represent letters of the alphabet. （ B） Finge
33、r spelling serves as a way to differ from spoken language. （ C） Finger spelling means you can spell the word by fingers. （ D） It is a convenient way to communicate with the other people. 24 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） The difference between spoken language and sign language. （ B） A ne
34、w way to communicate. （ C） Sign language. （ D） Language and culture. 24 That evolving understanding can have implications for diagnoses. For example, in 1973, the American Psychiatric Association dropped homosexuality from its manual of mental disorders, amid a growing realization that no evidence l
35、inked homosexuality to any mental impairment. Overnight, an estimated four to five million “sick“ people became well. More common, however, is for psychiatrists to add conditions and syndromes: The associations first diagnostic manual, published in 1952, included some 60 disorders, while the current
36、 edition now has about 300, including every thing from sexual arousal disorders to kleptomania to hyposomnia and several shades of bipolar disorder. “The idea has been not to expand the number of people with mental conditions but to develop a more fine-grained understanding of those who do,“ said Dr
37、. Ronald Kessler, a professor of health care policy at Harvard Medical School and lead author of the latest mental health survey. But if contemporary trends, whether scientific or commercial, can serve to expand the franchise of mental illness, the mores, biases and scientific ignorance of previous
38、centuries did much to hide it. In the 18th and 19th centuries, doctors had far fewer words for mental impairment-madness, hysteria, melancholia and estimated its incidence at somewhere around 5 percent to 10 percent, as far as historians can determine. In some communities, the mentally ill were tole
39、rated as holy fools or village idiots. The city of Geel, in Belgium, was particularly enlightened. There, in the 18th and 19th centuries, lunatics “could walk the streets, engage in commerce, they would deliver food, carry milk, they were incorporated into the society and respected,“ said Dr. Theodo
40、re Millon, director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Personology and Psychopathology in Coral Gables, Fla., and author of a recent history of psychiatry and psychology, “Masters of the Mind.“ Skip to next paragraph But Geel was exceptional. More typical, Dr. Millon said, was for people consi
41、dered mad or uncontrollable to be confined, sometimes in homemade chambers called lock boxes. They were captive, uncounted, beyond any hope of treatment, their stories lost to history. The behavior of millions of others who were merely troubled, rebellious or moody was often understood-and veiled in
42、 religious terms, said Dr. Nancy Tomes, a professor of medical history at the State University of New York in Stony Brook. Gamblers and drinkers, the excessively impulsive or rebellious, the sexually promiscuous (especially women) were considered sinners, deviants or possessed. Conversely, those who
43、 denied themselves food or comfort, or who prayed or performed ritual cleansing repeatedly, often struck others as especially pious, Dr. Tomes said. As science gradually displaced religion in the industrializing countries through the 19th century, such behavior was increasingly seen in secular, diag
44、nostic terms, historians said. Excessive fasting became anorexia; ritualized behavior was understood as compulsive, or obsessive-compulsive. “In some ways this is the story of the past century, the medicalization of many behaviors that once were seen in an entirely religious context,“ Dr. Tomes said
45、. Beyond that, some experts are convinced that modem life in the West-especially urban life-is more stressful than in earlier periods, and that the increased numbers of illnesses in the psychiatric associations diagnostic manual is a reflection of that fact. Dr. Millon, who has served on panels to w
46、rite and revise the manual, tells the story of borderline personality disorder. In the late 1970s, he was among a small group of psychiatrists and psychoanalysts who settled on the term “borderline“ to mean people who fell somewhere between neurotic and psychotic. 25 What is the meaning of“hypersomn
47、ia“ in paragrapg 2? （ A） mental disorder （ B） eat too much （ C） sleep too much （ D） too nervous 26 According to the text, which of the following is NOT TRUE （ A） Peoples understanding is developing （ B） People with mental diseases can be accepted by people sometimes （ C） sexually promiscuous were re
48、garded as innocent and ill （ D） people living in todays West have to face more pressure than before 26 Kathryn Harrison is a wonderful writer. It seems important to get that on the table right away, since for most readers, her name will elicit one fact: Kathryn Harrison wrote a memoir about having slept with her father. Back in 1997, that notoriously hyper publicized book, “The Kiss“ in which she recounted an affair she had in her 20s with the father she had not seen since she was a child set critics scratching furiously at the welts it raised in the culture, largely neglecti
