1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 718及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Stages of culture shock . Introduction to Culture Shock A. Definition A type of (1)【 1】 _ B. Advantages -
3、an opportunity for redefining ones life objectives -an opportunity for acquiring (2)of life 【 2】 _ . Four Stages of Culture Shock A. First stage: (3)stage 【 3】 _ -characteristic: feel pleased by the new -duration: days or weeks to six months depending on (4)【 4】 _ B. Second stage characteristic: -a
4、(5)attitude towards the host country 【 5】 _ -negative (6)【 6】 _ C. Third stage characteristic: -beginning of (7)to the new culture 【 7】 _ -gaining some understanding of the new culture -feeling a certain (8)【 8】 _ D. Fourth stage characteristic: -double or triple (9)【 9】 _ -a solid feeling of belong
5、ing . Factors Contribute to the Duration and Effects of Culture Shock e. g. stage of mental health type of (10)【 10】 _ previous experiences 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. List
6、en carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What is the current supporting rate of British people for the u
7、pcoming 2012 London Olympic Games according to Sir Craig Reedie? （ A） The support for the games has been running more than 75 percent. （ B） The support for the games has been running less than 75 percent. （ C） The support for the games has been running in excess of 35 percent. （ D） The support for t
8、he games has been running at round 35 percent. 12 Sir Craig Reedie said that this was effectively the first time London had won a bidding competition. Which of the following reasons is NOT mentioned? （ A） London took over the games from the Italian government in 1908. （ B） London beat other competit
9、ors in Singapore to hold the 2012 Games. （ C） London volunteered to take the organization just after World War II. （ D） London took over the games from the Italian government in 1948. 13 The organization has introduced the so called “demountable structures“ into London games, what do “demountable st
10、ructures“ mean? （ A） They are structures like mountains which are hard to move around. （ B） They represent a long history of London. （ C） They can be taken down and moved to some other part of the country and put back up again. （ D） They are new facilities against bad weather. 14 Sir Craig Reedie ta
11、lked about the Beijing games and his outlook on the upcoming London games. Which one is INCORRECT? （ A） The standards set by Beijing were very high and London will be proud to meet them. （ B） The ceremonies in London will be basically the same with those in Beijing. （ C） The 2012 ceremony will be ru
12、n in Trafalgar Square. （ D） The highlight of London games will be the president of the IOC issuing six invitations to major national Olympic committees. 15 Which of the following is INCORRECT about the tickets in London Olympic Games? （ A） About 20% of the tickets are sold internationally. （ B） It i
13、s possible to buy London tickets in China, the United States, or Germany. （ C） The organization created a demand in Britain that it was hard to satisfy the complete need. （ D） It is easy to buy ticket for local British people because tickets are sufficient. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In th
14、is section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following statements is CORRECT? （ A） Cuts in tuition service are favored by students. （ B） S
15、tudents are fed up with higher education. （ C） More demonstrations will be held today. （ D） Most teachers acclaim the education cuts. 17 According to the news item, _ will raise the tuition by 35 percent. （ A） Colorado （ B） California （ C） Arizona （ D） Georgia 17 I want to make use of this short gat
16、hering to make clear our working requirement. This is a big company, and all clerks should know how to produce good effects, of course, including me, manager-in-chief. Everyone here, I think, must know how to distinguish the right from the wrong, But it is not enough to know what is right and what i
17、s wrong. One must also be able to apply this knowledge to actual, concrete situations. For that, the virtue of prudence is essential. St Thomas Aquinas referred to prudence as the “rudder virtue”, the one that “steers” the others. Without it, we are like someone adrift in a boat, tossed in this dire
18、ction or that by the wind, the waves, and the current. Unfortunately, the virtue of prudence has too often been confused with caution. Thus, the “prudent” person is one who never “rocks the boat” and is especially careful to avoid offending those who are in a position to advance their interests-or t
19、o thwart them. The word that actually comes closest to functioning as a synonym for prudence is “discernment”. The prudent person is one who can “size up” a situation and decide, or discern, what is the wisest and most moral course of action to take. Accordingly, prudence doesnt answer the question,
20、 “What is the right thing in principle to do?” Rather, “What is the right thing for me (or for us) to do in this situation?” The prudent person fully examines a situation and seeks advice from others. (Reaching out to others for counsel before acting is one of the classic marks of a prudent person.)
21、 A judgement is made in the light of this examination and advice, and then a decision is made. The exercise of prudence presupposes that the person knows the relevant moral principles, has a fund of experience from which to draw, has the ability to make the best use of the experience, and has a capa
22、city to learn from others (which means a capacity to listen attentively to what others are saying). The prudent person can also recognise the implications of a given situation and of a line of action to be taken under the circumstances. The prudent person has the vision and foresight to anticipate o
23、bstacles and to plan to surmount them. In the final analysis, the prudent person has the ability to take every relevant factor and circumstance into account and then to make a moral decision in light of it all. So, I hope we can try to be a prudent per- son and apply this virtue of prudence to our w
24、ork, and do better and achieve more in our work. 18 The auther is _. （ A） talking about the importance of prudence. （ B） talking about the necessity of caution. （ C） talking about the significance of discernment. （ D） trying to inform of how to distinguish the right from the wrong. 19 According to S
25、t Thomas Aquinas prudence is not _. （ A） the rudder virtue. （ B） steering the others. （ C） the virtue without which people are like someone adrift in a boat, tossed in this direction or that by the wind, the waves, and the current. （ D） the virtue to rock the boat. 20 In this passage which word can
26、function as a synonym for “discernment”? （ A） Caution. （ B） Prudence. （ C） Cleverness. （ D） Perception. 21 What is one of the classic marks of a prudent person? （ A） Fully examining a situation. （ B） Seeking help from others. （ C） Reaching out to others for counsel before acting. （ D） Making a judge
27、ment very slowly. 22 “size up” in the talk means _. （ A） make a correct measure of （ B） make a considered estimate of （ C） make a beautiful design of （ D） make a quick understanding of 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose
28、the best answer to each question. 23 The Grand Canyon, carved by the Colorado River, in northwestern_is one of natures most impressive sights. （ A） Utah （ B） Arizona （ C） Nevada （ D） Oregon 24 The largest city in New Zealand is （ A） Wellington. （ B） Auckland. （ C） Christchurch. （ D） Dunedin. 25 The
29、relationship between “plant“ and “tree“ is called （ A） entailment. （ B） hyponymy. （ C） homonymy. （ D） synonymy. 26 _ has the worlds oldest written constitution and political party. （ A） America （ B） Canada （ C） England （ D） Australia 27 The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is about_. （ A） language and culture
30、 （ B） language and society （ C） language acquisition （ D） language and thought 28 Walt Whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation, first of all, lies in his use of _, poetry without a fixed regular rhyme scheme. （ A） blank verse （ B） free verse （ C） heroic couplet （ D） iambic
31、 pentameter 29 _ linguistics refers to the study of a language or languages at a single point in time, without reference to earlier or later stages. （ A） Diachronic （ B） Synchronic （ C） Historical （ D） Comparative 30 The Capital of New Zealand is _. （ A） Melbourne （ B） Perth （ C） Wellington （ D） Liv
32、erpool 31 The theme of Thanksgiving has always been _. （ A） friendship and happiness （ B） peace and plenty （ C） cooperation and rich reward （ D） love and happiness 32 _ is the second largest city in England, which is metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city. （ A） Birmingham （ B
33、） Glasgow （ C） Manchester （ D） Edinburgh 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING for though very loud and heard after, yet the mind does not take note of it as a sound, so completely is its individual existence merged among the accompanying characteristics of the season. Alas for the pleasant summer time! In August
34、 the grass is still verdant on the hills and in the valleys; the foliage of the trees is as dense as ever, and as green; the flowers gleam forth in richer abundance along the margin of the river, and by the stone walls, and deep among the woods; the days too, are as fervid now as they were a month a
35、go; and yet in every breath of wind and in every beam of sunshine we hear the whispered farewell and behold the parting smile of a dear friend. There is a coolness amid and the heat, a mildness in the blazing noon. Not a breeze can stir but it thrills us with the breath of autumn. A pensive glory is
36、 seen in the far golden gleams; among the shadows of the trees. The flowers - even the brightest of them, and they are the most gorgeous of the year - have this gentle sadness wedded to their pomp, and typify the character of the delicious time each within itself. The brilliant cardinal flower has n
37、ever seemed gay to me. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 35 Many people enjoy very active, physical recreation like sports, camping and fishing. Other people prefer to spend their leisure time participating in more intellectual act
38、ivities like reading, listening to music, collecting stamps or watching films. Write an essay of about 400 words, comparing a physical pastime with an intellectual one and explain why you think one is better than the other to a person of your age. You are supposed to give a title for your essay. In
39、the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the sec- ond part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organiz
40、ation, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 718答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While lis
41、tening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHE
42、ET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Stages of culture shock Good morning. Today, Id like to discuss with you the issue of culture shock. My lecture will focus on two aspects. One is the definition and the other is the four stages of culture shock. Culture shock is a type of homesic
43、kness. When people leave home and travel or work abroad, they encounter many new and confusing situations. These situations naturally create stress; the reaction to this stress is called “culture shock“. The term, “culture shock“ , then refers to the anxiety produced when a person moves to a com ple
44、tely new place, the stresses and strains accumulated from being forced to meet in unfamiliar ways ones everyday needs such as language, climate, food, cleanliness, and companionship, and the feeling of not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate in a new environment. Although one can experience
45、 real pain from culture shock, it is an opportunity for redefining ones life objectives. It is also a great opportunity for learning and acquiring new perspectives of life. Culture shock is produced by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social inter course. These
46、signs are the numerous ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give advice, when to accept and when to refuse invitations. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, or customs, are
47、 acquired by all of us in the course of growing up. When people enter a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. Therefore they experience culture shock. People react to culture shock in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. When th
48、ese people who are in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another stage of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly becomes tremendously important; everything is irrationally glorified
49、. All difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things at back home are remembered. Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Generally speaking, there are four stages of culture shock and each stage can be ongoing and appear at a certain time. The first stage occurs during the first few weeks in a new land when most individuals are fascinated by the new. They stay in hote
