1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 441及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 How to Ensure Survival in the College Dorm Life in college dorm can be hard, especially for the first-yea
3、rs. Here Shah J. Chaudhry gives them great tips for successful college dorm life. College students face certain degree of (1) in their (1)_ dorms. However, students need not be (2) about problems (2)_ and frustrations. Theyd better find the bright (3) of dorm (3)_ life. The following is the advice a
4、s how to (4) to it. (4)_ Shape up Everyone has his own way of getting things done. Since students are sharing dorm with each other, it is wise for them to reexamine their (5) . (5)_ Make Friends and Socialize Friends will make things (6) for people, so the best way (6)_ of a quick adjustment is maki
5、ng friends. It is strongly believed that dorm life provides great (7) for students to make close (7)_ friends. Tolerate and Co-exist Students will (8) meet mean people in college. In such (8)_ case, they must learn to put up with each other and stay in peace. Learn to Share It is wise for students t
6、o learn to share things with others, not only the facilities in the dorm, but also some personal (9) . (9)_ Have Fun With no parents around, enough freedom, and people of similar (10) , having fun is the most important part of dorm (10)_ life, although the major task for students is to study. SECTIO
7、N B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to
8、 the interview. 11 What is likely to be the major concern of the work they are talking about? （ A） Beauty. （ B） Love. （ C） Hero. （ D） Fighting against the evil. 12 Which of the following statements is NOT true about Ivan? （ A） He is in Russia because he emigrated from America with his family. （ B） H
9、e is very good at sports and languages. （ C） He has magic power to fight against witches. （ D） He is a man with a strong sense of responsibility. 13 What is this interview mainly about? （ A） The mans writing career and his personal life. （ B） The influence of the interviewees family life on his work
10、s. （ C） The mans latest work. （ D） The mans comments on a movie made by his company. 14 What is the difference between Ivans family and other families depicted in modern works? （ A） Ivans family is sound and intact. （ B） Ivans family has big moral problems. （ C） Ivans family has no relation with the
11、 story. （ D） Ivans family is almost not mentioned in the story. 15 Which word can best describe the man as reflected in the interview? （ A） Humorous. （ B） Creative. （ C） Conventional. （ D） Philosophical. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen
12、carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The opposition supporters rallied in the center of the capital to （ A） support their party leader. （ B） ask for a re-election. （ C） accuse the prime minister of
13、 his sins. （ D） express their anger with the government. 17 Which of the statement about the investment firm is INCORRECT? （ A） It manages group pension funds for more than a hundred firms （ B） It may have covered up losses for years according to the reports. （ C） It will take every possible step to
14、 prevent further loss of funds. （ D） Japan watchdog halts its operations on fears over lost asset. 18 Which of the following is the analysts and industry watchers attitude toward these losses? （ A） Angry. （ B） Indifferent. （ C） Object. （ D） Surprise. 19 Which of the following is NOT true according t
15、o the news? （ A） Born This Way Foundation is founded to create a kinder and braver world. （ B） People from Health and Human Services and Harvard will attend the launching. （ C） Whitneys The Bodyguard held the record with 21 weeks at Number One. （ D） The past week became the biggest sales week of Ade
16、les 21 album. 20 Which of the following statements of the Billboard is INCORRECT? （ A） Adele now has been in the top spot for more weeks than other female artists. （ B） Adeles 21 album has sold more than 7.3-million copies all over the world. （ C） Part of Me takes Katy Perry to NO.l on the Billboard
17、 Hot 100 the first time. （ D） The first week of Katy Perrys new single became her best career sales week. 20 Globalisation is the more or less simultaneous marketing and sale of identical goods and services around the world. So widespread has the phenomenon become over the past two decades that no o
18、ne is surprised any more to find Coca-Cola in rural Vietnam, Accenture in Tashkent and Nike shoes in Nigeria. The statistic that perhaps best reflects the growth of globalization is the value of cross-border world trade expressed as a percentage of total global GDP: it was around 15% in 1990, is som
19、e 20% today and is expected by McKinsey easy internet access and cheap international telecommunications, the most obvious manifestation of which is call centres in India that are servicing customers and corporations in Europe and the United States; the rapid growth of large developing countries such
20、 as China, India and Brazil, and their growing demand not only for western consumer goods and technologies but also for goods and services from other developing countries. Trade between China and Africa, for instance, rose from $3 billion in 1995 to over $32 billion in 2005. Companies have approache
21、d globalization in two distinct ways. On the one hand are those such as Gillette and Heineken that have made little concession to local tastes and manufacture their goods in a few centralized production facilities that follow strictly uniform standards. “The product must be the same everywhere,“ wro
22、te a Heineken chairman recently. “To ensure quality, every 14 days our breweries send samples to professional tasters in the Netherlands.“ On the other hand are companies that tailor their products or services for each local market. Among them are Japanese carmakers such as Toyota, which now has pla
23、nts in several countries producing for local markets, and Coca-Cola, which never tastes quite the same from one country to the next. A former chief executive of Coca-Cola admitted that the company had once upon a time changed its globalization strategy. “We used to be an American company with a larg
24、e international business,“ he said. “Now were a large international company with a sizeable American business.“ 21 Accenture is mentioned in the opening paragraph （ A） to illustrate the world market has been globalized. （ B） to show the worldwide prestige of Accenture. （ C） to compare the globalizat
25、ion of Vitenam, Tashkent and Nigeria. （ D） to exemplify the backwardness of Tashkent. 22 Which of the following can best reflect the trend of globalization? （ A） The value of cross-border world trade. （ B） The globalized markets for standardized products. （ C） The ratio of the value of cross-border
26、world trade to that of global GDP. （ D） The sales volume of identical goods and services around the world. 23 According to SustainAbility, what is the reason for the appearance of so many different definitions for globalization? （ A） Theres no authoritative definition for globalization. （ B） Others
27、definitions are more convincing than professor Levitts. （ C） Different people have different ideas on globalization. （ D） Things are different after two decades time. 24 What is mentioned as a reason why the world market is being globalized? （ A） The developing countries can get goods and services f
28、rom western countries only. （ B） Some western multinationals are eager to reap profits from other countries. （ C） The developed countries depend more on resources of the developing countries. （ D） The world is becoming more connected through internet and telecommunications. 25 Which of the following
29、 is true of Coca-Colas approach in globalization? （ A） It produces goods by uniform standards. （ B） It caters to the taste of local markets. （ C） It loses business to keep the quality standards. （ D） It changes its taste in order to reduce cost. 25 Towards the end of Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel
30、Kahneman laments that he and his late collaborator, Amos Tversky, are often credited with showing that humans make “irrational“ choices. That term is too strong, he says, to describe the variety of mental mishaps to which people systematically fall prey. Readers of his book may disagree. Mr. Kahnema
31、n, an Israeli-American psychologist and Nobel economics laureate, has delivered a full catalogue of the biases, shortcuts and cognitive illusions to which our species regularly succumbs. In doing so he makes it plain that Homo economicus the rational model of human behaviour beloved of economists is
32、 as fantastical as a unicorn. In one experiment described by Mr. Kahneman, participants asked to imagine that they have been given 50 behave differently depending on whether they are then told they can “keep“ 20 or must “lose“ 30 though the outcomes are identical. He also shows that it is more threa
33、tening to say that a disease kills “1,286 in every 10,000 people“, than to say it kills “24.14% of the population“, even though the second mention is twice as deadly. Vivid language often overrides basic arithmetic. Some findings are downright peculiar. Experimental subjects who have been “primed“ t
34、o think of money, perhaps by seeing a picture of dollar bills, will act more selfishly. So if someone nearby drops some pencils, these subjects will pick up fewer than their non-primed counterparts. Even obliquely suggesting the concept of old age will inspire people to walk more slowly though feeli
35、ng elderly never crossed their mind, they will later report. After all this the human brain looks less like a model of rationality and more like a giddy teenager: flighty, easily distracted and lacking in self-awareness. Yet this book is not a counsel of despair. Its awkward title refers to Mr. Kahn
36、emans two-tier model of cognition: “System 1“ is quick, intuitive and responsible for the quirks and mistakes described above (and many others). “System 2“, by contrast, i$ slow, deliberative and less prone to error. System 2 kicks in when we are faced with particularly complex problems, but much of
37、 the time it is all too happy to let the impulsive System 1 get its way. What, then, is System 1 good for? Rather a lot, it turns out. In a world that often demands swift judgment and rapid decision-making (fight or flight?), a creature who solely relied on deliberative thinking wouldnt last long. M
38、oreover, System 1 generally works well. As Mr. Kahneman says, “most of our judgments and actions are appropriate most of the time“. He urges readers to counteract what he considers to be mistakes of System 1 thinking, such as the “loss aversion“ that deters people from accepting favourable gambles (
39、such as a 50-50 chance to win $200 or lose $100). He also recommends checking the performance of an investment portfolio no more than once a quarter, to limit needless anguish over short-term fluctuations and the “useless churning“ of shares. Mr. Kahneman does not dwell on the possible evolutionary
40、origins of our cognitive biases, nor does he devote much time to considering why some people seem naturally better at avoiding error than others. Still this book, his first for a non-specialist audience, is a profound one. As Copernicus removed the Earth from the centre of the universe and Darwin kn
41、ocked humans off their biological perch, Mr. Kahneman has shown that we are not the paragons of reason we assume ourselves to be. Often hailed as the father of behavioural economics (with Tversky as co-parent), his work has influenced a range of disciplines and has even inspired some policy. But the
42、 true consequences of his findings are only starting to emerge. When he presents the poor victims of his experiments with conclusive proof of their errors, the typical reaction is not a chastened pledge to shape up, but confused silence, followed by business as usual. No one likes to be told he is w
43、rong. 26 It is stated in the first paragraph that Daniel Kahneman （ A） often makes irrational choices out of biases, shortcuts and illusions. （ B） laments the death of his collaborator. （ C） is very critical of the irrational mistakes people make. （ D） believes perfectly rational human beings are no
44、n-existent. 27 The experiment where people behave differently when the things are told differently but to the same effect demonstrates that （ A） anguage is so important as to affect peoples behavior. （ B） people may take actions before they think twice. （ C） people tend to be more selfish when it co
45、mes to money. （ D） understanding language is more interesting than doing math. 28 Which of the following mistakes is System 1 responsible for, according to Kahneman? （ A） A thought-through decision made at the cost of life. （ B） Strong desire to gamble in a 50-50 chance. （ C） Anxiety over investment
46、 on a short-term basis. （ D） Fear to make decisions in urgent situations. 29 What is the book, Thinking, Fast and Slow, mainly about? （ A） Why people are not that rational as imagined. （ B） How peoples thinking pattern develops. （ C） Why some people are better decision-makers than others. （ D） How p
47、eople develop cognitive biases. 30 What does Kahneman, the author of the book, share in common with Copernicus and Darwin? （ A） They try to overrule a deep-rooted concept. （ B） They undergo research to come to conclusion. （ C） They prove natural and social sciences are related. （ D） They explain com
48、plex theories in a simple way. 30 In Britain, those who live to be 100 years old receive a birthday card from the queen. In the future, centenarians everywhere may also receive a call from a geneticist. If they do, he or she will be seeking a sample of DNA that might, eventually, help to reveal the
49、genetic components of extreme longevity. The more immediate use, however, will be in a competition. For on October 26th the X Prize Foundation, based in Playa Vista, California, unveiled its latest carrot to the worlds scientists. The foundation has already put up prizes in areas as diverse as cleaning up oil spills and landing a robot on the moon. The idea of a genomics X prize is not new. It has been around since 2006. But the latest announcement, in the pages of Nature Genetics, has a
