1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 485及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Irish Riverdance Riverdance displays modern Irish culture while it is based on an old, influential cultur
3、e with a love of complicated stories and poetic styles and prevailing from the 6th century to the 9th century. The development of Riverdance 1) With【 1】 _ starting in the 9th century this ever-influential culture 【 1】_ declined and never recovered indeed. The traditional love of story and song exist
4、ed in a form the peasants liked and without a distinctive Irish style till the【 2】 _ beginning at the end of the 19th century. 【 2】 _ 2) The Irish love of music has succeeded in surviving the change from Irish, 【 3】 _ to the language of the invader and has once more begun to blos 【 3】_ som and becom
5、e influential outside the country. 3) Irish music was reduced to being the language used in the countryside and 【 4】 _ as people moved to the cities, for young city people didnt like 【 4】_ “peasant music“. However, this has begun to change and since the 1980 s has taken off. Many top singers in the
6、world are Irish and quite a number of people are working for the music industry in Ireland. Riverdance is an ex- pression of that【 5】 _ and that ability to understand the new. 【 5】_ Riverdance is also a kind of【 6】 _ interesting pop song. 【 6】 _ 1) It uses song and dance to tell the story of a peopl
7、e whose spirit the Great Famine broke. As a result of this famine, two million people died or left Ireland by 1851 and【 7】 _ continued to decrease until 1961 【 7】 _ 2) People with ideas left for【 8】 _ The Irish in Ireland became hopeless 【 8】_ and unconfident and much of its modem culture is about t
8、he sadness of that time and the sorrow of saying goodbye to those who left. There is【 9】 _ 【 9】_ for this saying goodbye-“American Wake“. 3) The leaving didnt cease until the 1970 s because Independence in 1921 was followed by a civil war and an economic depression. Now it is common to see along【 10
9、】 _ from that time falling into ruin. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an inter
10、view. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What is more difficult for students when learning to complain? （ A） The linguistic part of the complaining. （ B） The cultural behavior of being straightforwa
11、rd. （ C） Taking the products back to the stores. （ D） Understanding the refund policy of the stores. 12 Why did Lida Baker mention her experience returning her daughters clothes? （ A） To show it is important to have cultural background. （ B） To show that the clothes didnt fit her daughter. （ C） To e
12、xpress her anger for not getting money back. （ D） To indicate she wasnt used to these kind of stores. 13 In the example of the complaint letter, how much does she what to refund? （ A） $20. （ B） $36.99. （ C） $4.99. （ D） $32. 14 What is considered unnecessary in a letter of complaint? （ A） What the pr
13、oblem is. （ B） What correction she wants. （ C） A neutral tone. （ D） Showing her anger. 15 What is the most important part of teaching complaining? （ A） Creating a situation where students can complain. （ B） Providing model complaints for students to follow. （ C） Analyzing the language and structures
14、 for complaints. （ D） Giving students practice on how to complain by role play. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer th
15、e questions. 16 According to a U.S. defense official, General Sanchez _. （ A） may be removed from his present post in Iraq （ B） may be appointed as the top U.S. commander in Iraq （ C） is responsible for the prisoner abuse in Iraq （ D） is in disagreement with the Pentagon 17 According to a Washington
16、 Post report, General Sanchez might have _ the abuse of prisoners. （ A） seen （ B） ordered （ C） denied （ D） forbidden 17 Rarely does it get much more ironic. Marc Hauser, a professor of psychology at Harvard who made his name probing the evolutionary origins of morality, is suspected of having commit
17、ted the closest thing academia has to a deadly sin: cheating. It is not the first time the scientific world has been rocked by scandal. But the present furore, involving as it does a prestigious university and one of its star professors, will echo through common rooms and quadrangles far and wide. T
18、he story broke when the Boston Globe revealed that Dr. Hauser had been under investigation since 2007 for alleged misconduct at Harvards Cognitive Evolution Laboratory, which he heads. This investigation has resulted in the retraction of an oft-cited study published in 2002 in Cognition, the publica
19、tion last month of a correction to a paper from 2007 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, and doubts about the validity of findings published in Science, also in 2007. Dr. Hauser was the only author common to all three papers. An article in the Chronicle of Higher Education added further spice.
20、It offered unsettling accounts by anonymous graduate students and research assistants depicting Dr. Hauser as brusquely dismissive of their attempts to discuss possible improprieties in data collection and interpretation. This prompted Michael Smith, the hitherto taciturn dean of Harvards Faculty of
21、 Arts and Sciences, to react. In an open letter to the faculty, he confirmed that an internal investigation had found Dr. Haus-er “solely responsible“ for eight instances of scientific misconduct, involving the three published papers and five other pieces of research. On the same day, Dr. Hauser, wh
22、o is on leave and refusing to be interviewed, issued a single contrite statement apologising for having made some “significant mistakes“. These would not be his first. So far, none of this constitutes conclusive evidence of fraud. Slapdash lab work is not the same as fabricating data and Harvard has
23、 kept mum about the precise nature of the charges, citing concerns about privacy. Many researchers, however, fear that this silence itself makes things worse and not just for Dr. Hauser and Harvard. The uncertainty about which of his results (for he has been a prolific researcher) are up to snuff me
24、ans others in the field are finding it hard to decide what to rely on in their own work. And despite Dr. Hausers professed sole responsibility, a sizeable number of his present and former wards may unfairly be tainted by association. At the least, then, Dr. Hauser stands accused of setting the study
25、 of animal cognition back many years. Trying to discern an animals thought processes on the basis of its behaviour is notoriously tricky and subjective at the best of times. Now, his critics fear, no one will take it seriously.As Greg Laden, one of Dr. Hausers former colleagues, laments in a blog, “
26、the hubris and selfishness of one person can do more in the form of damage than an entire productive career can do in the way of building of our collective credibility.“ Others are less depressed, warning against conflating scientific misconduct with difficult science. One corner-cutting researcher
27、does not impugn a whole field. Clive Wynne, editor of Behavioural Processes, which published an “obsessively“ immaculate paper by Dr. Hauser three days before the Globes revelations, says he is struck by how meticulous recent research in his discipline has been. In general, scientists see themselves
28、 better placed than most to weed out cheats. The more startling a papers claims, the more likely it is that others will try to replicate it and, if the claims were plausible, fail. Moreover, scientists want their work to be replicated; it is the only way it will stand the test of time, observes Robe
29、rt Seyfarth.a primatologist and Dr. Hausers former mentor. Many researchers cite Harvards probe as further proof of sciences self-correcting mechanisms, and praise students for doughtily standing up to an authority figure of Dr. Hausers distinction. Gerry Alt-mann, editor of Cognition, agrees, addin
30、g:“Although at the time it might appear that each transgression is majorats eventual impact on science is minor.“ 18 We can conclude from the first two paragraphs that （ A） Marc Hauser was suspected of cheating in 2002. （ B） Marc Hausers scandal has caused great attention. （ C） Marc Hausers assistan
31、t laid bared his misconduct. （ D） several co-authors published an article in Science. 19 As to the news released by the Chronicle of Higher Education, the author thinks it （ A） well-grounded. （ B） convincing. （ C） confusing. （ D） incredible. 20 The phrase “up to snuff“ in Paragraph 5 probably means_
32、for a particular purpose. （ A） good enough （ B） available （ C） reasonable （ D） plausible 21 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Dr. Hauser claimed to take all the blame for cheating. （ B） Dr. Hauser was criticized for his study many years ago. （ C） Dr. Hausers critics fear his misco
33、nduct will be ignored. （ D） Dr. Hausers misconduct may not affect his field of research. 22 It can be inferred from the passage that （ A） Dr. Hausers misconduct was probably disclosed by his students. （ B） researchers often tend to startle the public with unexpected claims. （ C） Dr. Hausers publishe
34、d papers were considered too good to be true. （ D） according to Gerry Altmann.Dr. Hausers influence will disappear. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 23 The design features of language
35、may be all the following EXCEPT （ A） arbitrariness. （ B） duality. （ C） creativity. （ D） replacement. 24 As for functions of language, Jakobson defined the following key elements of communication: Speaker, Addressee, Context, Message, Code and （ A） Contact. （ B） Interaction. （ C） Emotion. （ D） Meanin
36、g. 25 _is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expressive one, so it is usually the substitution for taboo. （ A） Pun （ B） Slang （ C） Euphemism （ D） Metaphor 26 Which is the religious capital in the UK? （ A） York. （ B） London. （ C） Canterbury. （ D） Kent. 27 Among the five Great Lakes, which one
37、 is wholly within the United States? （ A） Lake Erie. （ B） Lake Superior. （ C） Lake Michigan. （ D） Lake Ontario. 28 The first writer in America to win the Nobel Prize in literature is _. （ A） Mark Twain （ B） Jack London （ C） Sinclair Lewis （ D） Ernest Hemingway 29 The word camcorder is formed by （ A）
38、 coinage. （ B） blending. （ C） borrowing. （ D） back-formation. 30 _ was the author of Trilogy of Desire. （ A） Earnest Hemingway （ B） F. Scott Fitzgerald （ C） William Faulkner （ D） Theodore Dreiser 31 The largest lake in Britain is _. （ A） The Lough Neagh （ B） Windermere Water （ C） Coniston Water （ D）
39、 the Lake District 32 Vanity Fair, a caustic satire novel on the aristocratic-bourgeois moiety of the time, is the masterpiece of （ A） William Makepeace Thackeray. （ B） Robert Burns. （ C） William Blake. （ D） Henry Fielding. 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING in other words, in the classroom. And I would do tha
40、t by means of role playing. M: Lida Baker teaches English and writes textbooks in Los Angeles, California. And thats all for this week. Thank you for your valuable advice, Lida. W: You are welcome. 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据句 (1)可知，另外一个部分更重要，也就是说直截了当地表达“这就是问题所在 ”。在美国我们有这样的文化行为，即对我们想要的表现得非常直接，而对于学生来说这比学会表
41、达抱怨更难，因此 B为答案。 【知识模块】 会话 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据句 (2)可知， 第一步就是提供文化背景，比如商店的退货政策，并且明白在这些政策上店与店之间是不同的。接下来 Lida引用该例子的原因是证明文化背景的重要性。故答案为 A。 【知识模块】 会话 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据句 (3)可知， Lida想退的款项是 32美元，故答案为 D。 【知识模块】 会话 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据何 (4)可知，在投诉信中 Lida说明了问题是什么，她想让商家怎么处理，并且使用了很中性的语调，并没有勃然大怒或提出过分要求。因此答案为 D。
42、 【知识模块】 会话 15 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据句 (5)可知，更为困难的是让人们亲身体验投诉经历，因此，正确答案为 D。 【知识模块】 会话 SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer th
43、e questions. 15 【听力原文】 A senior American defense official says the Pentagon may replace Army Lieutenant General Ricardo Sanchez as the top U.S. commander in Iraq. But the official speaking on condition of anonymity denies that the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse scandal is the reason. The development come
44、s one day after the U.S. army denied a report suggesting General Sanchez may have witnessed the abuse of detainees by American soldiers at the Abu Ghraib prison. The report, which the U.S. military says is false, appeared in Sundays Washington Post newspaper. 16 【正确答案】 A 17 【正确答案】 A 18 【正确答案】 B 【试题解
45、析】 推断题。首段第二句提到了 Marc Hauser被怀疑造假，之后提到“It is not the first time the scientific world has been rocked by scandal ”，然后话锋一转指出 “But the present furore， involving as itdoes a prestigious university and one of its star professors， will echo through common rooms andquadrangles far and wide”，由句中的 echo throug
46、hfar and wide 可以看出由于造假者的身份和所在的学校地位的显赫，使得此次事件备受关注， B符合文意。 19 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。根据题干中的 the Chronicle of Higher Education定位至第三段。第二句提到了高等教育纪事上的一篇文章内容 “It offered unsettling accounts by anonymous graduate students and research assistants depicting Dr Hauser as” ，句中的 unsettling意为 “令人不安的，混乱的 ”，是指让人无法判断真假
47、之意， C与之含义接近，故为答案。 20 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 语义题。根据题干定位至第五段倒数第二句 “The uncertainty about which of his results(forhe has been a prolific researcher)are up to snuff means others in the field are finding it hard to decide what to rely on in their own work ”。由 prolific(多产的 )researcher和 finding it hard to decidew
48、hat to rely on in their own work可以推断因为 Dr Hauser的研究成果颇丰，研究人员通常在自己的研究工作中会参照 Hauser的研究方法和结果，因此造假事件对他们的影响很大。由此可以推断 Theuncertainty about which of his results are up to snuff部分的含义是 “不确定他的研究结果中哪些是精确的 ”，这和后面的 “很难确定在自己的工作中应该去相 信哪些实验结果 ”构成因果关系，故 A为答案。 21 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。第二段第三句指出 “Now， his critics fear， n
49、o one will take it seriously ”，句中的 it是指首句中提到的 the study of animal cognition，不是 Dr Hauser的学术不端行为， C是对此句的曲解，故为答案。 22 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推断题。末段首句指出 “Many researchers cite Harvards probe as further proof of sciencesself-correcting mechanisms， and praise students for doughtily standing up to an authority figure ofDr Hausers distinction ”，从
