1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 158及答案与解析 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there
2、will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） A childs relation with his mother. （ B） A well-to-do family. （ C） A professional b
3、abysitter. （ D） A strict family environment. （ A） Toys. （ B） Father. （ C） Mother. （ D） Pet dog. （ A） A safe, loving environment. （ B） Affectionate, caring parents. （ C） Maternal attachment. （ D） Family background. （ A） Delayed motor skills development. （ B） Delayed toilet training. （ C） Difficulty i
4、n interacting with peers. （ D） Inability to express affection. （ A） They are as likely to develop separation anxiety as those who are not adopted. （ B） They will never recover from separation anxiety. （ C） They struggle to develop a healthy sense of self. （ D） They always experience feelings of prot
5、est, despair and detachment. （ A） Because they already understood what it means to be a baby for blood parents. （ B） Because they have developed a subconsciousness about blood relation. （ C） Because they have already begun to develop a sense of self in relation to others. （ D） Because they have alre
6、ady obtained an awareness of social relations. （ A） It is a period when a child is most vulnerable to mental and physical damage. （ B） It is a period when a child is most closely attached to his mother. （ C） It is a period when a child develops his core concept of self. （ D） It is a period when a ch
7、ild develops his cognitive abilities. （ A） It varies with the age of the child. （ B） It depends on the adoptive family. （ C） It can be influenced by a foster mother. （ D） It would be the basis of stable independence. （ A） Worry about his parents being injured in a car wreck. （ B） Be unable to play w
8、ith his peers. （ C） Not develop motor skills at appropriate ages. （ D） Have an irrational fear of spiders. （ A） He is prone to a pathological anxiety. （ B） He is likely to suffer from psychological trauma. （ C） The strong attachment for him can never pass away. （ D） Separation anxiety for him can be
9、 seen as a sign of healthy personality. （ A） Men and position. （ B） Men and property. （ C） Women and inheritance. （ D） Women and property. （ A） They feel desperate for the prospect that they may lose everything. （ B） They feel sad for their husband. （ C） They feel sad for their children. （ D） They f
10、eel sad for their own lonely life. （ A） The husbands property is taken by his relatives. （ B） The husbands property is taken by the government. （ C） The husbands property is taken by robbers. （ D） The husbands property is taken by his wife. （ A） The law is against them. （ B） They dont know that they
11、 have rights to keep property. （ C） The law is for them. （ D） They dont want to damage the relationship with their husbands relatives. （ A） Learning more about the inheritance law. （ B） Quarrelling with her husbands relatives for her property fiercely. （ C） Asking her relatives to put her husbands r
12、elatives into prison. （ D） Going to Mrs. Mutwa for assistance. （ A） Discussing the importance of making a will with him. （ B） Discussing the processes of his funeral plan. （ C） Discussing your health care after his death. （ D） Discussing organ donating possibilities with him. （ A） By asking the perm
13、ission of all family members. （ B） By asking the permission of local land authority. （ C） By registering the home where you live with your husband. （ D） By contributing to the local church. （ A） Learning about local laws. （ B） Registering your home. （ C） Getting legal advice from a lawyer. （ D） Dona
14、ting the property. （ A） They tend to forget. （ B） It is easy to steal from them. （ C） Their husbands relatives always ask her to divide the things with them. （ D） Their husbands relatives always cheat her into dividing the things with them. （ A） Human kind are greedy. （ B） Women do not know what the
15、y deserve. （ C） It is an immoral era that we live in. （ D） Their relatives take it for granted that they deserve some of the properties. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 158答案与解析 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, fiv
16、e questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Y
17、ou have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. 1 【听力原文】 Interviewer(W) Sean Smith(M) Now, listen to Part One of the interview. W: Today Id like to welcome Sean Smith, a psychologist from Maryland State Research Institute, who is going to talk to us about the normal and sound development of self wi
18、th adopted child. Hello, Sean. M: Hello. W: Now Sean, as we may know, a child is likely to be affected by certain influential factors during his normal development of self. Then what do you think is the most important factor affecting this process? M: Well,(1)actually several factors may work togeth
19、er to cultivate the self. Among them, a childs relationship with his mother is ranking on the top of the list, which we may also call, maternal attachment. Infants form an attachment with the mother that must undergo a process of separation and individuation. W: How do we understand the correlation
20、between separation and individuation? M: Good question.(2)Object relations psychology examines this relationship, which depends on the ability of the child to separate himself from his object, the mother, and realize that he is a separate individual. W: All right, then. What are the other factors re
21、quired to help children realize a sound development of self? Does environment play any role in it? M:(3)Thats exactly what I am going to talk about next. Absolutely, a safe, loving environment is another necessary component for the development of a healthy self-concept. Certainly, affectionate, cari
22、ng parents are essential as well. As the child begins to develop his sense of self, he must master certain developmental tasks that are part of growing up. W: Developmental tasks? Thats a fresh term. Could you present us some concrete examples of such tasks? M:(4)Developmental tasks may take differe
23、nt forms, such as acquisition of language and toilet training. Anything that interrupts the development of these important skills may interfere with developing a healthy self-concept. W: What, then, effect does adoption have on the development of a healthy sense of self? Since an infants relationshi
24、p with his mother is so important, according to many psychologists, what effect does being separated from the biological mother have on the adopted child? M: That depends. For infants adopted at birth, the effect may be minimal, for the infant has often had no opportunity to bond with the biological
25、 mother. W: But what about a child who is older when he is adopted? What effect does adoption have on a toddler? M: Even if a toddler has been in one foster home since birth and has therefore attached himself to his foster mother, he will likely experience a series of reactions when separated from t
26、his caregiver protest, despair, and detachment unless his experience is monitored to help him handle the change. Consider a toddler adopted at the age of 18 months who has lived in the same foster home since birth. When he is placed with an adoptive family,(5)he is likely to experience separation an
27、xiety from his foster mother, who can be regarded as symbolically abandoning him as his own biological mother did. This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard. 1. What is the most important factor in the cultivation of the self for a child? 2.
28、 According to object relations psychology, what does a child view as an object? 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as essentials to the development of a healthy self-concept? 4. What is the special problem for adopted children? 5. According to the interview, which of the following statements
29、 about adopted children is CORRECT? 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据句 (1)可知，孩子与母亲之间的关系是孩子自我发展过程中的首要因素，故答案为 A。 【知识模块】 会话 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据句 (2)可知，对象关系心理学认为这种关系取决于儿童把自己从对象中分离出来的能力，对象即母亲，故答案为C。 【知识模块】 会话 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查细节辨析。根据句 (3)可知，安全、友爱的环境以及和蔼的父母都是影响 孩子自我健康发展的关键性因素，以及上文提到的首要因素即
30、母性关系，故答案为 D。 【知识模块】 会话 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题设题点在举例处。受访者指出当小孩开始发展自我意识时，他必须掌握成长过程中的某些 developmental tasks。在被问及什么是 developmental tasks时，根据句 (4)可知，像语言的习得和上厕所的训练都是孩子在发展自我阶段所必须掌握的，而被收养的孩子也许没有经历过这个过程，最终可能会导致自我不能健康地发展，故答案为 B。 【知 识模块】 会话 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题设题点在时间状语从句处。受访者指出孩子对母亲有着强烈的依附感，即使是那些出生后就被领养的孩子也一样，一旦
31、与他们的母亲分开，他们可能会出现一系列的反应。假设将一个出生后就被收养长到 18个月大的孩子再放在别的领养家庭中，根据句 (5)可知，这样做会让孩子产生分离焦虑感，就像被生母抛弃一样，故答案为 A。 【知识模块】 会话 6 【听力原文】 W: Its sure to say his transition to living an adoptive home may be difficult, isnt it? M:(6)Yes, it proves difficult as he adjusts to new surroundings and caregivers because, by th
32、e age of 18 months, he has already begun to develop a sense of self in relation to others. On the other hand, he is past the crucial age of 7 to 12 months. W: Why do you call this period the crucial age? M:(7)This period is crucial because at this time an infant may sustain the most severe damage to
33、 his mental and physical development if deprived of mothering by one significant individual. Now it seems as though he has to start over: his protesting may give way to despair as he yearns for people who used to be in his life. W: Then it is essential that(8)the adoptive family offer as much affect
34、ion and security as possible to reassure the child that he is safe, that they are reliable sources of loving care, and that they will help him through this difficult stage. M: One thing we need to note is sometime a child may continue to suffer from separation anxiety in spite of these actions. Alth
35、ough he may not mind the actual separation from his mother when he goes to play school or day care,(9)he may become obsessed about the time when his mother is supposed to pick him up at day care or kindergarten: tardiness may provoke fears about car accidents or death. W: Some psychologists believe
36、that a child who is given more affection is sometimes more strongly attached and therefore more prone to separation anxiety than some of those who are treated more roughly. Does such statement hold water? M: That may prove right.(10)Since such “dependence“ in the well-loved child is outgrown and lat
37、er provides the basis for a stable independence, it would be a mistake to suppose it to be pathological. On the contrary, the capacity to experience separation anxiety can be regarded as a sign of the healthy personality. W: An adopted child, then, has at least an average chance of successful indivi
38、duation, assuming he is adopted by loving parents. Thank you, Sean. Thanks for talking with us. M: My pleasure. This is the end of Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on what you have just heard. 6. Why is it difficult for adopted children above 18 months to adjust to a new home?
39、7. Why is the age of 7 to 12 months a crucial period? 8. Which of the following is INCORRECT about the negative effect of adoption? 9. What may a child suffering from separation anxiety do? 10. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about a child who is given more affection? 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】
40、本题设题点在对话问答处。根据句 (6)可知，收养的儿童到 18个月时就已经发展出自我与他人关系的概念，故答案为 C。 【知识模块】 会话 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据句 (7)可知，这一时期的儿童如果失去母亲的照料，会遭受最严重的心理和生理打击，故答案为 A。 【知识模块】 会话 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题设题点在人物建议处。受访者指出 7至 12个月是发展自我意识的关键年龄段，根据句 (8)可知，对于那些被领养的孩子来说，领养家庭给予孩子的爱和安全感能让他们觉得自己是安全的，能帮助他们度过这一困难阶段，故答案为 D。 【知识模块】 会话 9
41、【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题设题点在转折处。受访者指出孩子在长大后可能仍然会有分离焦虑感，根据句 (9)可知，如果父母没有按时接孩子，这种时间的延误会让孩子担心父母是否遭遇了不测，这也是一种分离焦虑感，故答案为 A。 【知识模块】 会话 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据句 (10)可知，这样的 “依附 ”关系会随着儿童的成长而消失，之后会成为稳定的独立人格的基础，将其看成病态是错误的，相反，感受到分离焦虑是健康人格的表现，故答案为 D。 【知识模块】 会话 11 【听力原文】 Interviewer(M) Mrs. Elizabeth Mutwa(W)
42、 Now, listen to Part One of the interview. M: Welcome to our show.(1)Today were going to discuss some important questions about women and inheritance. For example, what happens to a woman when her husband dies, and who becomes the rightful owner of his property? Is there anything a woman can do to e
43、nsure that she receives the property? To help us answer these and other questions, weve invited a lawyer, Mrs. Elizabeth Mutwa, to join us. Welcome to the show, Mrs. Mutwa. W: Thank you. Its a pleasure to be here. M: Mrs. Mutwa, let me start by asking you this. What are some of the concerns you have
44、 about women and the inheritance laws that affect them? W: Every day I meet women whose husbands are dying.(2)These women are afraid that they are going to lose everything their home, their land, their livestock.and they believe there is nothing they can do about it. That is a terrible, desperate fe
45、eling. M: Yes, to feel that you are going to lose everything is terrifying. W: Of course it is. And Im sorry to say that often a woman does lose everythingbecause(3)the property is taken by her husbands relatives. We call this property grabbing. M: Is there any way to prevent property grabbing and r
46、eturn property to the woman? W: Yes.(4)Women have legal rights to land and other properties. But unfortunately, most women dont know this. So they dont take any action. M: You mean women think that the law is against them so they dont challenge it? W: Thats right. But again, I want to make this very
47、 clear. The law is not against women. Women have rights to keep property they just dont know it! M: So,(5)its important for women to understand what rights they have, and how the law works. W: Exactly. Once they know the laws, they can take steps to make sure that they keep their home and their land
48、. This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard. 1. What is the interview mainly about? 2. According to the interview, how do women probably feel when their husbands are dying? 3. According to the interview, what is property grabbing? 4. Why do
49、the women do nothing to prevent property grabbing? 5. Which of the following is the way of preventing property grabbing for a woman? 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题设题点在访谈开始处。根据句 (1)可知，访谈一开始，采访者就表明此次访谈主要是关于女性和遗产继承的问题，故答案为 C。 【知识模块】 会话 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题设 题点在对话问答处。根据句 (2)可知，女性担心自己失去一切，如家庭、土地、牲畜，她们会感到无助、绝望，故答案为 A。 【知识模块】 会话 13 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题设题点在因果关系处。访谈中提到，很多女性在丈夫过世后变得一无所有，根据句 (3)可知， property grabbing指的是遗产被丈夫的亲属抢占了，故答案为 A。 【知识模块】 会话 14 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题设题点在转折处。根据句 (4)可知，在被问及女性如何防止遗产被抢占时，受访 者指出，发生抢占遗产事件的主要原因在于女性不懂得用法律
