1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 255及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 The Difference Between Spoken and Written English I. The definition of speech and writing two【 T1】 _ methods of communication【
3、 T1】 _ speech: the【 T2】 _ of transmission of language【 T2】 _ writing: marking a surface with words II. The necessity of knowing the difference language skills include expressing both spoken English and written English【 T3】 _ and completely 【 T3】 _ III. The difference between spoken and written Engli
4、sh A. different mediums speech:【 T4】 _ substance【 T4】 _ writing: graphic substance B. different use of grammar and【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ C. degree of formality spoken English: informal no【 T6】 _ is needed【 T6】 _ no role of spelling the rules of grammar are often【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ speakers make efforts to learn
5、correct【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ D. time speech:【 T9】 _, active and not last long 【 T9】 _ no time lag between production and reception no time for【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ contain loudness, tempo, rhythm, intonations and pauses aided by【 T11】 _ and gestures 【 T11】 _ E. difficulty in learning: written English is easier
6、taking better advantage of【 T12】 _ than of an accent【 T12】 _ IV. Tips for language learners pay heed to both forms【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ 【 T14】 _ the language【 T14】 _ 【 T15】 _ all the important aspects 【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12
7、【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each que
8、stion there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） How to participate in the show. （ B） How to give advice to people. （ C
9、） How to be a smart woman boss. （ D） How to become popular. （ A） Problems about their work. （ B） Problems about interpersonal relationship. （ C） Problems about their children. （ D） Problems about a big pay rise. （ A） People expect women to be emotionally there for them. （ B） Women are reluctant to d
10、eal with personal problems. （ C） There havent been any positive women roles. （ D） Women are crazy persons when they get a little power. （ A） Their ways of doing something make employees uncomfortable. （ B） They are usually unfair in the workplace. （ C） They become crazy when employees ask for a pay
11、rise. （ D） They are too emotional to be firm and tough. （ A） Be ambitious and gentle. （ B） Be independent and strong. （ C） Be emotional and sensitive. （ D） Be fair and firm. （ A） Positive. （ B） Negative. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） Tolerant. （ A） Fairness. （ B） Self-interest. （ C） Respect. （ D） Favoritis
12、m. （ A） Offer specific plans. （ B） Impose a penalty. （ C） Forgive and encourage them. （ D） Give honest and constructive criticism. （ A） Overtly “male“ topics. （ B） Overtly “female“ topics. （ C） Topics about cars. （ D） Topics about beer. （ A） Care more about their personal feelings. （ B） Keep the con
13、versation businesslike. （ C） Treat them as brothers and family members. （ D） Eliminate sex discrimination in the workplace. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 255答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, plea
14、se complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力
15、原文】 The Difference Between Spoken and Written English Good morning everyone, todays lecture is about the difference between spoken and written English. (1) Speech and writing are two independent methods of communication. (2) Speech is “the oral medium of transmission of language, i. e. the spoken la
16、nguage“. Writing involves marking a surface with words that convey ones thoughts and ideas and as Crystal remarks, “Written English has provided the standard that society values, and its relative permanence and worldwide circulation have given it a very special place with the life of the community.“
17、 Every language learner aspires to have a good grip and command over both spoken and written language. (3) Failure in expressing either of them will render him ineffective and incomplete when it comes to acquiring language skills in the true sense of the word. Both forms of language, therefore, are
18、very important. They differ from each other to a great extent. The following are some of the major differences in both spoken and written English. (4) One difference that exists between speech and writing is the distinction between the phonic and the graphic substances. The former is the medium used
19、 in speech, where the vocal organs produce air-pressure movements. The latter is used in writing, which consists of the hand creating marks on a surface. However, this physical difference is not the only factor that distinguishes the two mediums. (5) There are also differences such as the use of gra
20、mmar and vocabulary which also differ according to whether the person is speaking or writing to convey information. On top of the above, spoken English is very informal while written English is formal. (6) No punctuation is needed in spoken English because we are aided by facial expressions, gesture
21、s, and body language to express our meaning effectively and properly. On the other hand, written English is ineffective and handicapped without proper use of punctuation. Many speakers are bold and confident at the time of speaking. But most of them find themselves lacking in confidence and reluctan
22、t to write because they know that once they write, their words are recorded and they cannot defend themselves. Their mistakes are exposed in writing. In spoken English, there is no role of spelling. But spelling does play a very important role in writing. Many good speakers are found being a horribl
23、e speller of the word. Their spelling lowers their image and impression among their colleagues and their readers. (7) Speakers often ignore some of the basic rules of grammar, for they are only interested in conveying their messages. They do not stick to the rules of grammar. On the other hand, writ
24、ing is never accurate and impressive unless it is grammatically correct and error-free. Therefore, all the great and successful writers give grammar its due importance in their writings. Spelling is what creates problems for many writers, and in the same way pronunciation is a problem for many speak
25、ers. Many speakers find it difficult to pronounce the words correctly. (8) They have to make efforts to learn correct pronunciation while writers have no such worries. (9) Speech is time-based, active and does not last long. (10) There is no time lag between production and reception, and given the s
26、pontaneity and speed with which speech is produced there is no time for planning. We usually think while talking and this results in looser construction, repetition, rephrasing and comment clauses such as “Jack is ugly, I think.“ Nevertheless, speech also contains loudness, tempo, rhythm, and other
27、intonations and pauses that cannot be easily transmuted to the written form. (11) Facial expressions and gestures often aid meaning as well as deictic expressions which refer directly to the situation. These features can all be contained in speech but are not written down with much effectiveness. He
28、aring and understanding spoken English can be more difficult than understanding written English for another very simple reason written English usually does not come with an accent. The accent is different to dialect, although they often go together. (12) English in the written form can take better a
29、dvantage of dialect than of an accent. An accent will be the sound a speaker makes when using a specific set of words relating to the locality they were raised, but the words remain the same; a dialect is a pattern of language use that may substitute new words or meanings for existing words. Actuall
30、y, written English is reasonably simple to master, especially if you are only going to use it in the written form. Spoken English is much harder to learn and use effectively. (13) With so much difference between these two forms of English, it is the prime duty of everyone aspiring to become a good l
31、anguage learner to pay heed to both forms equally to have a good command over English. If one is able to do so, he is sure to win admiration and appreciation from his readers and listeners to a great extent. (14) To conclude, a good language learner always respects the language he intends to learn.
32、(15) Therefore, he takes keen interest in acquiring this language, not leaving any important aspect untouched and uncovered. Such a learner is always successful. OK, today we have discussed the difference between spoken English and written English. To sum up, spoken English and written English diffe
33、r in the aspect of medium as well as whether it is informal or formal, time-based or not, simple or hard to learn and so on. Next time, well continue to talk about it further. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 independent 【试题解析】 根据句 (1)可知，口语和写作是两种独立的交流方式，故答案为independent。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 oral medium 【试题解析】 根据句 (
34、2)可知，口语是语言传播的口头媒介，故答案为 oral medium。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 effectively 【试题解析】 根据句 (3)可知，如果没有良好的口语及书面表达能力，从实质上讲，学习者就不能有效 、完整地掌握语言技能，故答案为 effectively。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 phonic 【试题解析】 根据句 (4)可知，口语和书面语的一个区别是声音介质和符号介质的差别，故答案为 phonic。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 vocabulary 【试题解析】 根据句 (5)可知，口语和书面语在语法和词汇的使用上也有不同，所以答案为
35、vocabulary。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 punctuation 【试题解析】 根据句 (6)可知，口语中无需标点符号，故答案为 punctuation。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 ignored 【试题解析】 根据句 (7)可知，由于说话者只对传递信息感兴趣，所以他们常常忽略语法的基本规则，故答案为 ignored。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 pronunciation 【试题解析】 根据句 (8)可知，说话者必须努力学习正确的发音，而从事写作的人则没有这种担忧，所以答案为 pronunciation。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答 案】 ti
36、me-based 【试题解析】 根据句 (9)可知，口语以时间为基础，鲜活且持续时间短。因此答案为 time-based。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 planning 【试题解析】 根据句 (10)可知，口语中，语言输出与语言接收之间没有时间间隔，并且由于语言的自发性和语速特点，说话者无法对所说的内容做好提前规划，所以答案为 planning。 【知识模块】 听力 11 【正确答案】 facial expressions 【试题解析】 根据句 (11)可知 ，面部表情和手势常常协助表达含义和与情形直接相关的指示词语，故答案为 facial expressions。 【知识模块】
37、听力 12 【正确答案】 dialect 【试题解析】 根据句 (12)可知，书面形式的英语能更好地运用方言而不是口音，故答案为 dialect。 【知识模块】 听力 13 【正确答案】 equally 【试题解析】 根据句 (13)可知，鉴于英语口语与书面语之间如此大的差异，为了学好英语，给予口语和书面语同等的重视是每个渴望学好语言的人的首要任务。因此答案为 equally。 【知识模块】 听力 14 【正确答案】 respect 【试题解析】 根据句 (14)可知，一个好的语言学习者总是会很尊重他想要学习的语言，所以答案为 respect。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【正确答案】 cove
38、r touch 【试题解析】 根据句 (15)可知，一个好的语言学习者对掌握这门语言非常感兴趣，不会忽略任何重要的方面。此处需填入动词，故答案为 cover或 touch。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the intervie
39、w and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. 16 【听力原文】 M: (1
40、) Caitlin Friedman offers advice on being a smart woman-in-charge in her new book: The Girls Guide to Being a Boss Without Being Unpopular. Good morning, nice to have you here. W: Good morning. M: Caitlin, why is it that when women get into a position of power, when they become the boss or become le
41、aders, they tend to be unpopular? W: Well, we think there are two reasons. The first is, its really unfair that in the workplace people expect women to be emotionally there for them. (2-1) You would never take your personal problems to a male boss, but you do take them to a woman boss because women
42、are nurturing, just because thats what women do. M: (2-2) You expect them to understand the issues with your kids or whatever. W: (2-3) Right, (3) and the other thing is there havent been any positive women roles. I mean, there are very few positive women role models out there. Especially.look at th
43、e movies, which say women are just crazy persons when they get a little power. So what we try to do in the book is to show people how to do it a little bit better. M: And well discuss that in a minute, but why are the roles so different for men and women when they do become the boss? W: Well, I thin
44、k it really has something to do with the lack of role models. I mean, when we were growing up and coming into the professional environment, we had really tough women bosses, but they had learned from men. So we think that women need to be able to manage the way they are comfortable in managing. M: (
45、4-1) Whats the number one mistake women are making? W: (4-2) I think the number one mistake women are making is that theyre trying to do something the way thats not comfortable for the employees. You know, you really need to be firm and fair. You need to know what your employees need from you before
46、 you just want to set out these blanket things. The other thing is that if you are emotional once in a workplace, you are the crybaby from then on, though you cried only this time in ten years. And thats what happens to women. (5) You know, they get stuck with these bad raps and we think that what y
47、ou need to do is really try to be as firm and fair as possible. This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard. 1. What is Caitlins book mainly about? 2. What would people talk to a woman boss instead of a male boss? 3. What is the second reason
48、why women bosses are unpopular? 4. What is the number one mistake women are making? 5. What should a woman boss do to avoid the number one mistake? 16 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据句 (1)可知， Caitlin Friedman在她的新书 The Girls Guide to Being a Boss Without Being Unpopular中对如何做一个聪明的女老板提出了建议。因此答案为 C。 【知识模块】 听力 17 【正确答
49、案】 C 【试题解析】 根据句 (2一 1)、句 (2 2)和句 (2 3)可知，人们永远不会和男老板提及自己的私人问题，但会和女老板提及这些问题，因为女性天生有母性的一面，人们希望女老板能理解 他们关于孩子之类的问题。因此答案为 C。 【知识模块】 听力 18 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 句 (3)中 Caitlin提到，女老板不受欢迎的第二个原因是没出现过积极的女性角色。因此答案为 C。 【知识模块】 听力 19 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据句 (4一 1)和句 (4 2)可知， Caitlin认为，女老板常犯的最大的错误是她们做事的方式让员工感到不舒服。因此答案为 A。 【知识模块】 听力 20 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据句 (5)可知， Caitlin认为，女老板要想避免犯这个最大的
