1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 37及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectu
2、re. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Audience of Writing Audience is a very important concept for writing. You need to analyze your audienc
3、e in terms of the following aspects: I. Your social relations to your audience Through writing, you are making social【 B1】 _ with【 B1】 _ other members of the society. II. Their【 B2】 _ of your subject【 B2】 _ This analysis is particularly valuable in【 B3】 _writing.【 B3】 _ III. Their【 B4】 _ to the subj
4、ect and your position in the writing【 B4】 _ This analysis is extremely important in【 B5】 _ writing.【 B5】 _ 1)To those who agree,【 B6】 _ the importance【 B6】 _ of your position; 2)To those who are neutral or undecided, address their【 B7】 _ as directly and fully as possible;【 B7】 _ 3)To those who disag
5、ree, try to find out why they disagree. There may be two reasons for their disagreement: lack of information personal, political or【 B8】 _ reasons【 B8】 _ For the former, give them relevant information as【 B9】 _as possible.【 B9】 _ For the latter, you need to show your【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ of them and addr
6、ess them accordingly. 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the e
7、nd of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Which of the following about the survey conducted by North West Motoring Association is CORRECT? （ A） The coverage of the survey is very limited. （ B） Most of interviewees
8、 have felt road rage. （ C） 68% of traffic accidents were caused by road rage. （ D） 23% of motorists die on American roads each year. 12 During the interview, Neil indicates that （ A） the definition of road rage can be assumed by listeners. （ B） locking yourself in vehicle can avoid road rage. （ C） a
9、 father of three died last week from road accident. （ D） confronting drivers is not the sole way of road rage. 13 Neil indicates the problem of road rage might be eased by （ A） reducing vehicle numbers on highways. （ B） forbidding honking the horn loudly. （ C） improving drivers behaviors. （ D） restr
10、icting space on the roads. 14 According to Neil, people who cut in front of others or run red lights are （ A） aggressive. （ B） understandable. （ C） intolerable. （ D） pathetic. 15 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Neil has never felt road rage while driving. （ B） Road rage caused h
11、uge loss of life in America. （ C） The reason for road rage is very obscure. （ D） Less stress among drivers can ease the problem. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each new
12、s item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The number of deaths in Samoa is more than _ as that in American Samoa. （ A） five times （ B） three times （ C） twice （ D） nine times 17 Which of the following statements is CORRECT? （ A） A 6-year-old Australian girl died in the tsunami.
13、 （ B） About 150 houses were destroyed by waves. （ C） Australia was the lead of international support. （ D） The tsunami was caused by an underwater earthquake. 18 What does the news item say about Luis Urzua? （ A） He was responsible for the accident. （ B） He was the last miner to be rescued. （ C） He
14、was the leader of the rescue team. （ D） He was trapped underground for almost 24 hours. 19 Which of the following is CORRECT? （ A） The rescue cost about 2 million dollars. （ B） One of the miners died in the accident. （ C） The officials decided to cover the hole. （ D） The rescue cost more than 10 mil
15、lion dollars. 20 The news is mainly about （ A） the differences between the senators. （ B） the cost of an insurance program. （ C） the preparation for Christmas Eve. （ D） the final health care reform bill. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 37答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-l
16、ecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten
17、minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Audience of Writing Good morning. Today we will talk about the audience of writing. Before you write something, you need to have a clear idea of the topic, the audience, and the purpose of you
18、r writing. In this lecture, well concentrate on one of these elements, the audience. This is a very important concept for writing. The term audience usually refers to viewers of movies and TV shows and listeners of radio programs. Here we expand it to include readers of written materials or any disc
19、ussions of writing activities. The importance of a keen awareness of your audience throughout the writing process can not be overemphasized. Audiences can be examined from three different perspectives: 1. Your social relations to your audience; 2. Your audiences knowledge about your subject; 3. Your
20、 audiences attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing. Lets discuss them one by one. Now, first point, analyze your audience in terms of your social relations. Whenever you write, you are interacting with other members of the society. Are you writing to a friend of yours
21、? To a colleague? To the director of your business firm? To the admission office of an American college? In each situation, you have a different social relationship with your audience and this relationship has a definite impact on the shape of your writing. No one in his or her right mind would writ
22、e a letter of application to the dean of the graduate school as if the dean was one of his or her buddies. The second point, analyze your audience in terms of their knowledge of the subject you are writing about. This analysis is valuable particularly in informative and explanatory writing. Suppose
23、you are writing a paper comparing the Mid-autumn Festival and Thanksgiving. How much knowledge would you assume your American readers already have about the Chinese holiday and how much about their own? Obviously, very little about the former and a whole lot about the latter. In such a paper, you ne
24、ed to take care not to bore your readers to death by telling them what they already know while leaving them tantalizingly unsatisfied about what they are so eager to learn. The emphasis here should be to show the striking differences and subtle parallels rather than to give exhaustively detailed inf
25、ormation on each holiday. Now, the third point, analyze your audience in terms of their attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing. This analysis is vitally important in writing persuasive or argumentative essays, which is much more complex and challenging. In a persuasi
26、ve essay you present reasons and arguments to convince your readers that they should accept a belief or to take a position or a specific action. For persuasive or argumentative writings, you can classify audiences into three groups: those who agree, those who are neutral or undecided, and those who
27、disagree. When writing to an audience who already sees eye to eye with you about a controversial issue, is there much you need to do? Not much. If you are addressing an audience who already shares your view about developing and maintaining a mature and constructive relationship between China and the
28、 United States in the 21st century, all you need to do is restate why such a relationship, is in the vital interests of both countries and of the whole world. When writing to audiences who are neutral or undecided, you have the most to do and can hope to achieve a lot. Say you want to propose that a
29、 new financial aid system be established to help those bright students in rural and less prosperous areas of the country. You are concerned that with todays new tuition policy and practice, those students will be priced out of a chance for the high education they deserve so much. Some people may be
30、undecided because they have some doubts and concerns: Where does the money needed for such an aid come from? What are the specific standards whereby to award scholarships? Are there more fair and efficient alternative solutions? Once you find out why your audiences are undecided, you need to address
31、 their doubts and concerns as directly and fully as possible. You have a fairly good chance of winning them over when their questions are answered satisfactorily. And audiences who disagree are the most difficult to write to. Different people disagree with you for different reasons. Some of them may
32、 have already given the issue a thought and have already made a choice; therefore, it is extremely difficult to change their minds. Others who disagree may not have had the time to think it over seriously. There are two main possible reasons why your audiences may disagree with you: 1)because they d
33、ont have the “facts“ or because they look at the same “facts“ differently; 2)because they are influenced by their personal opinion, prejudice, and political or religious beliefs. Once you have found why they disagree, you can decide what is the best approach to such audiences. If it is a lack of inf
34、ormation, your job is to give them the relevant historical as well as up to date information as accurately as possible. If it is for personal, political and religious reasons, you need to recognize them, understand them, and address them accordingly. Now, we can see that audience awareness is so cru
35、cial to the success of your writing. In actual practice, you may need to analyze your audience in terms of three factors: social relations, knowledge, and viewpoints in order to decide the best approach for your writing. And in the next lecture, well discuss the writing purpose and your role in the
36、writing. Thanks for your attention! 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 interaction 【试题解析】 此空考查第一个方面的一些内容。在谈到与读者的社会关系时，原文提到要与社会成员交流 (interact)。题目需要的是名词，故填入名词形式interaction。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 knowledge 【试题解析】 原文提到第二方面的内容为分析读者对话题已有的知识程度。空格处填 knowledge。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 informative and explanatory 【试题解析】 此空属于第二方面的内容。
37、对读者已有知识层面的分析在信息或解析说明类写作时尤为重要。填 informative and explanatory。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 attitudes viewpoints 【试题解析】 第三方面的内容是读者对话题的态度和观点以及作者在写作中的立场的分析。空格处缺少的是 attitudes或 viewpoints。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 persuasive argumentative 【试题解析】 原文说到，在说服性或辩论性文章中，读者态度的分析尤为重要。填 persuasive或 argumentative。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】
38、restate 【试题解析】 原文对读者的类型分了三类：同意你观点的、对你的观点保持中立或不做表态的、持反对意见的。对于同意自己观点的读者，只要重申观点即可。填原文出现的词 restate。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 doubts and concerns 【试题解析】 此空为对中立或不做表态的人的 应对措施，即先了解原因，再address their doubts and concerns。即填 doubts and concerns。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 religious 【试题解析】 在谈到反对者反对的原因时，演讲人提到了两方面，一是缺少信息，二是受众自身
39、的政治或宗教信仰原因。此题填 religious。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 accurately 【试题解析】 此空针对第一点原因，即尽可能准确提供最新的信息。填accurately。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 recognizing and understanding 【试题解析】 此空针对第二点原因，但需注意这里应用名词形式，故填变为动名词 recognizing and understanding。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everythin
40、g ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 【听力原文】 W: Welcome to Motoring Week. My name is
41、 Beth Williams. Today, we will be speaking about the phenomenon that has, at some time or other, affected us all road rage. You know the deal, some reckless, thoughtless motorist cuts in front of you on the highway or pulls out without looking and all of a sudden, the red mist descends and we seem t
42、o lose control of our thoughts and actions. Neil Adamson from the North West Motoring Association is here to speak to us today about road rage in general but in particular about a survey his organization has just carried out. Neil, welcome to the show. M: Hi Beth. W: First off, I have to ask you. Do
43、 you ever feel road rage when you are out driving? M: Ha-ha, no, I dont. Thankfully, I manage to keep control of myself while behind the wheel although our surveys findings show that many of the motorists we encounter on the roads are only one minor accident away from losing their cool. W: Right, te
44、ll us something about your findings, Neil. M: We asked the question, “Have you ever felt like getting out of your car and confronting a driver you considered to be at fault for an accident or traffic incident?“ We were astonished to find that some 68% answered in the affirmative and some 23% actuall
45、y had left their vehicle for some incident or another. W: Wow, those figures are high. Theres clearly a lot of risk involved in acting like that, wouldnt you say? M: Lets put it this way. Every year, some 40,000 motorists die on American roads. We have estimated that somewhere between one half and t
46、wo thirds of those deaths occur in accidents which have some element of aggressive driving involved. Its been calculated that as many as one third of these aggressive driving related accidents involve a motor vehicle being used deliberately as a weapon. W: So the definition of road rage goes beyond
47、what a lot of our listeners might assume, that is, for drivers to get angry at the maneuvers of another motorist and to physically confront them outside the vehicle. M: Road rage clearly involves that type of incident. Only last week in L.A., a father of three was shot when he left his vehicle to ar
48、gue with a motorist who had changed lanes carelessly and almost caused a collision. Youll find people are more and more wary of leaving their vehicles people are quite often so afraid of road rage, carjacking and so on, that they lock themselves in their vehicles and nothing will convince them to le
49、ave. But, and heres the big but, road rage also includes staying in your vehicle but using it as a weapon against someone you consider to have slighted you in whatever way. Most road rage incidents we have looked into have involved motorists aggressively pursuing other cars with their own and often smashing into them to drive them off the road or just get a little bit of revenge for a perceived insult. The situation is getting out of
