1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 39及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectu
2、re. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be a
3、rranged in order of importance. Physiological needs: the most【 B1】 _. ones for survival. They【 B1】 _ include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs. 【 B2】 _ needs: needs for a)physical security;【 B2】 _ b)【 B3】 _ security. 【 B3】 _ The former means no illne
4、ss or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from【 B4】 _, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met【 B4】 _ through a variety of means, e.g. job security,【 B5】 _ plans, and【 B5】 _ safe working conditions. Social needs: human requirements for a)love and affection; b)a sense of belonging. Th
5、ere are two ways to satisfy these needs: a)formation of relationships at workplace; b)formation of relationships outside workplace. Esteem needs: a)self-esteem i.e. ones sense of achievement. b)esteem of others, i.e. others respect as a result of ones【 B6】 _.【 B6】 _ These needs can be fulfilled by a
6、chievement, promotion, honours, etc. Self-realization needs: needs to realize ones potential. Ways to realize these needs are individually【 B7】 _.【 B7】 _ Features of the hierarchy of needs: a)Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively 【 B8】 _ needs.【 B8】 _ b)Needs are satisfied in a f
7、ixed order from the bottom up. c)【 B9】 _ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.【 B9】 _ d)Different levels of needs may【 B10】 _ when they come【 B10】 _ into play. 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section yo
8、u will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What is the purpose of Mr
9、s. Harris visit to the headmaster? （ A） To make a special plea for future cooperation. （ B） To seek advice on her sons major in college. （ C） To show her regret at the schools education. （ D） To guarantee Williams security in school. 12 What did the headmaster set heart on when he was young? （ A） An
10、 acting career. （ B） A sporting career. （ C） Becoming a teacher. （ D） Becoming an architect. 13 Why does Mrs. Harris want her son William to be a science degree holder? （ A） Because William is interested in it. （ B） Because William is good at this field. （ C） Because it promises a well-paid job. （ D
11、） Because her firm is in want of scientists. 14 Which of the following is CORRECT about the headmasters opinion? （ A） William can make a comfortable living as an artist. （ B） Mrs. Harris should persuade William to come down to earth. （ C） Going to major art schools requires 3 As and 2 Os. （ D） Quali
12、fications for going to key art schools are tough. 15 What does the headmaster suggest Mrs. Harris do at the end of the conversation? （ A） Persuade her son into making a more realistic decision. （ B） Prepare her son for an art course at a technical college. （ C） Wait until the headmaster discusses wi
13、th Mr. Simms. （ D） Talk with Mr. Simms about Williams chance of acceptance. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the qu
14、estions. 16 Foreigners sought shelters in all the following places EXCEPT （ A） community halls. （ B） Johannesburg. （ C） churches. （ D） police stations. 17 The South Africans threw attacks on foreigners partly because （ A） those foreigners had killed at least 40 local people. （ B） those foreigners de
15、ployed army to deal with the mobs. （ C） those foreigners deprived the locals of their job opportunities. （ D） those foreigners had driven 30,000 locals from their homes. 18 What is the main idea of the news item? （ A） Taiwan has been preparing for the coming of the tourists from mainland China. （ B）
16、 The major influx of tourists can help stimulate the economy in Taiwan. （ C） The regular direct charter flights have been suspended for more than 50 years. （ D） With direct flights, both tourism and economy will be boosted in Taiwan. 19 Montgomery and Jones both have （ A） taken part in a multi-milli
17、on dollar bank fraud. （ B） got charged with money-laundering. （ C） told lies to the court about the fraud affair. （ D） taken illegal performance-enhancing drugs. 20 Which of the following statements about the Saudi man is CORRECT? （ A） He is the only one to be charged in the 2000 bombing. （ B） He ha
18、s already served one year in the US military prison. （ C） He will probably be sentenced to capital punishment. （ D） He said he had confessed to the Pentagon voluntarily. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 39答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture
19、ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-fillin
20、g task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文 】 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Good morning, everybody. Todays lecture is about Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. This seems like a psychological topic. Actually, it is something psychological. Abraham Maslow is a psychologist,
21、 and hes especially known for his theory of human needs. OK, first of all, what is a need? Here, we can simply define it as a personal requirement. Maslow believed that humans are “wanting“ beings who seek to fulfill a variety of needs. According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an orde
22、r according to their importance. It is this order that has become known as Maslows hierarchy of needs. In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs. Fundamentally, humans are just one species of animal. We need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological needs are what we r
23、equire for survival. These needs include food and water, shelter, and sleep. At this level, for us humans, Maslow also includes the need for clothing. How are these needs usually satisfied? It is mainly through adequate wages. Then, what is the next level of needs? At the next level are safety needs
24、, the things we require for physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand. Everybody needs to keep his body safe from injury, illness, etc. Then, what is emotional security? Well, thats maybe the point in this hierarchy of needs where humans begin to differ from other anim
25、als. We are thinking animals. We have worries. What if I lost my job? What if I were struck down by a severe disease? Besides physical security, we need to think we are safe from misfortunes both now and in the foreseeable future. How can these needs be met then? According to Maslow, safety needs ma
26、y be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans, and safe working conditions. After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediately following levels are the social needs. Under this category, Maslow puts our requirements for love and affe
27、ction and a sense of belonging. We need to be loved. We need to belong to a group, not just the family, in which we can share with others a common interest. In Maslows view, these needs can be satisfied through the work environment and some informal organizations. Certainly, we also need social rela
28、tionships beyond the workplace, for example, with family and friends. Next, the level of esteem needs. What are esteem needs then? They include both the need of self-esteem and the need of esteem of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our own achievements and worth. We need to believe that we are succ
29、essful, we are no worse, if no better, than others. The esteem of others is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, either through work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfy esteem needs include personal achievements, promotion to more responsible jobs, various
30、 honors and awards, and other forms of recognition. What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self-realization needs. In other words, they are the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs to become all that we are capable of being. They are the most difficult need
31、s to satisfy. Whether one can achieve this level or not perhaps determines whether one can be a great man or just an ordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the individual. For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new c
32、areer after retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realization needs. Well for other people, it could be becoming “the best there is“ in certain areas; it could be becoming the President of the IBM. Anyway, being “great“ or ordinary is what others think, while self-realization is largely ind
33、ividual. Maslow suggested that people work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safety needs, and so on up the “needs ladder.“ In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain unsatisfied. However, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied
34、 before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a persons physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by social needs. But any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role. OK, thats the
35、 general picture of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, Ive briefly introduced to you Maslows theory. Maslow thinks there are five kinds of human needs, with each one being more important than the preceding one. I hope that youve found his ideas interesting. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 basic fundamen
36、tal 【试题解析】 原文在谈到 physiological needs时说到 “在人的需要层次中，生理需要是最基本的层次。 ”因此这里应该填 basic或者填它的同义词 fundamental。本句介绍 5种需要中的第一种，有最高级 the most修饰， basic为此句的要点，应在笔记中记下。即使此词未能记下，也可根据上文 (in order of importance)和句意将此空填出。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 Safety 【试题解析】 根据原文，第二个层次的需求是对安全的需要，原文中提到 At the next level are safety needs。因此这里应
37、该填入 Safety。注意 S要大写。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 emotional mental 【试题解析】 根据原文，对安全的需要包括 “身体安全 ”和 “情感安全 ”的需求，因此这里应该填入 emotional。原文在谈到 safety needs时提到 2种安全需要，physical security和 emotional security，后文紧接着对这 2种安全需要予以解释。这些要点应当记录下来。考生也可依据 physical security推导出与其对应的 “精神安全 ”。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 worries worry diseases une
38、asiness fitnessunhappiness pressure anxiety(ies) sadness misery(ies) predicament 【试题解析】 在解释情感需求的时候，原文提到： “我们有各种担心，要是 我丢掉了工作该怎么办 ?要是我突然病了怎么办 ?”因此这里应该填入 worries。录音原文提到了 worries和 disease，除此之外，考生可依靠常识和试题中的关键词(misfortunes)填入一个合适的同义、近义词。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 pension insurance retirement 【试题解析】 原文在谈到如何满足对安全的
39、需求时提到， “马斯洛认为，安全需求可以通过安稳的工作、健康保险、养老计划和安全的工作条件等来得到满足 ”，因此这里应填入 pension。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 performance/work activities Success/achievement(s)effort 【试题解析】 原文谈到 “尊重的需要 ”时提到： “他人的尊重指我们在别的社会群体中的工作或者行动得到别人的尊敬和认可。 ”因此这里应填入 work或activities。还可根据句意填入其他词，即别人对自己的尊重是因为自己的工作表现、业绩、成功等等。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 differe
40、nt varied/dissimilar 【试题解析】 原文在谈到自我实现的需求时提到： “这取决于不同的人，人们满足自我实现需要的方法因人而异。 ”因此这里应该填入 different或 varied，dissimilar。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 human individual spiritual 【试题解析】 短文说明了各种需要与人的关系，即：生理需要适用于包括人在内的一切动物；人与动物都有安全需要，但需要的内容已有不同；其他 3类需要都仅仅是人类才有的需要。作者说这些需要是 particular to humanbeings，即是exclusively human ne
41、eds。也可根据 social， esteem和 self-realization判断这些是精神层次的需要。独为人类所特有，从而填入适当词语。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 Motivation Desire Drive Demand Longing Urge Craving 【试题解析】 原文指出： “总的来说，人们的动机来自他们未被满足的最低层的需求。 ”因此这里应该填入 Motivation注意 M要 大写。也可以填入它的近义词。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 overlap meet mix co-exist interact combineconcur 【试题解析】
42、 原文提到，不必等到某一层次的需求完全得到满足，更高层次的需求就已发挥作用。因此这些需求是共同存在的，此处应该填 co-exist或其同义词。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview yo
43、u will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 【听力原文】 Mrs. Harris has come to see the headmaster of her sons school to ask his advice about her sons further education. M: Good morning. Mrs. Harris. Do sit down. I understand youd like to hav
44、e a word with me about William. W: Yes, thats right, headmaster. I hope I should see you as soon as possible before William does anything hell regret. M: Regret? Mrs. Harris? W: Well, you see, he has his heart set on becoming an artist. My husband and I think he ought to take up something more secur
45、e. I mean even if he went to art school, there would be no guarantee that he could get a good job afterwards. M: He could probably teach, Mrs. Harris. W: He wouldnt like that. He says he wouldnt be a teacher if it were the last job on earth. Oh, ha, beg your pardon, headmaster, I didnt mean. M: Not
46、at all, Mrs. Harris, I wouldnt have been a teacher myself if Id had my way. Id have been an actor if my parents had let me. So I have some sympathy with Williams problems. Now, lets see, if he wants to be an artist, hell have to decide what sort of artist he wants to be. W: I dont quite follow you,
47、headmaster. M: Well, choosing a major can be a tricky endeavor that requires a great deal of planning. What I mean is if he wants to be a commercial graphic artist or cartoonist, that sort of thing, he might do very well if he took an art course at a technical college. And besides, the entry qualifi
48、cations wouldnt be so stiff. On the other hand, if he wants to go to one of the major art schools, youd better not raise his hopes too high. Theres a good deal of competition to get accepted. And hed have to have at least three O levels and two As at good grades before hed even be considered. Oh, an
49、d there is another thing, hed have to do a years foundation course first, probably at another college. Hed get a grant of course, provided hed got the right Os and As. W: But art, headmaster, its so chancy. M: I dont think you should stand in his way, Mrs. Harris. If I were you, Id let him decide himself. Youd better accept the fact that nowadays
