1、专业英语八级(地理类英译汉)模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 The Warwickshire Avon falls into the Severn here, and on the sides of both, for many miles back, there are the finest meadows that ever were seen. In looking over them, and beholding the
2、endless flocks and herds, one wonders what can become of all the meat! By riding on about eight or nine miles farther, however, this wonder is a little diminished; for here we come to one of the devouring WENS: namely, CHELTENHAM, which is what they call a “watering place“, that is to say, a place t
3、o which East India plunderers, West India floggers, English taxgorgers, together with gluttons, drunkards, and debauchees of all descriptions, female as well as male, resort, at the suggestion of silently laughing quacks, in the hope of getting rid of the bodily consequences of their manifold sins a
4、nd iniquities. When I enter a place like this, I always feel disposed to squeeze up my nose with my fingers. It is nonsense, to be sure; but I conceit that every two-legged creature, that I see coming near me, is about all that is knavish and all that is foolish and all that is base; gamesters, pick
5、-pockets, and harlots. 2 The Great Lakes is a general term for the five lakes in the north of the country. Except for Lake Michigan which lies within the country, the other four, Lake Ontario, Lake Superior, Lake Huron, and Lake Erie are shared by Canada and the United States. Because of the importa
6、nt role they have played in transportation, they are also called the “Mediterranean“ of the American Continent. Starting from the Rockies in the State of Colorado, the Rio Grande River runs to the south and forms part of the U.S. Mexican border. It enters the Gulf of Mexico. Originating also in the
7、Rocky Mountains, the Colorado River flows southwest and reaches the Gulf of California. This river is wild and furious, cutting deeply into the rocks for ages and has formed the magnificent Grand Canyon. In the northwest is the Columbia River, the biggest river that flows to the Pacific in North Ame
8、rica. With its source in Canada and flowing northward, the river has a length of 1,954 kilometers, 85 % of which is in the U.S. The river is very rich in salmon and other fishes. 3 Washington D.C. is the capital of the nation situated on the Potomac River. It was named in honor of the first presiden
9、t of the country, George Washington. During the period between 1776 and 1783 when the colonial people worked hard for independence, there was not a permanent capital to house their government. In 1790, a bill was passed to authorize the president to choose a site on the Potomac River to house the go
10、vernment, a site which would be separate from any of the states. Then the president selected the present day capital and named the area the District of Columbia after Christopher Columbus. The construction began in 1793 after President Washington had laid a corner stone for the capital. The whole de
11、sign was made by a French engineer but was completed by a black architect. In mid-June of 1800, John Adams, the new president ordered the government to be transferred from Philadelphia to the permanent capital Washington D.C. The man after whom the city had been named did not live in it because he d
12、ied only six months before it officially became the capital of the nation, but people will never forget him. They set up a monument to honor him. That is the Washington Monument. This is actually a long tapering vertical bar with eight windows in the top. Each side has two windows. There are two oth
13、er memorials erected in the capital. One is the Lincoln Memorial honoring the 16th president of the U.S., Abraham Lincoln; and the other is the Jefferson Memorial built in honor of the third president. 4 The ocean covers three quarters of the earths surface, produces 90 percent of all its life-suppo
14、rting oxygen, and is the driving force behind the entire weather system. There are over 450 million cubic miles of sea water on the earth; and each cubic mile contains over 150 million tons of minerals. So vast and so pervasive is the sea that if the earths crust were made level, ocean water would f
15、orm a blanket over 8,000 feet deep. The oceans contribute immeasurably to the earths life support system as well as provide an untapped storehouse of food, minerals, energy, and archaeological treasure. Advanced atmospheric diving suits permit researchers to descend to depths of 1,500 feet-Yet the o
16、ceans average depth is greater than 12,000 feet. It is at these depths that remarkable discoveries are being made, discoveries which only a short time ago would have been impossible. In that depth, where darkness is absolute and pressure exceeds eight tons per square inch, robotic submersibles have
17、discovered enormous gorges, four times deeper than the Grand Canyon. Here, too, are volcanoes that vastly outnumber those on land. Landslides the size of Rhode Island have been recorded, as well as raging undersea storms that go completely unnoticed on the surface while dramatically rearranging the
18、underwater landscapes. 5 The first national park in America and the world was Yellowstone in the western state of Wyoming. Yellowstone was established in 1872. Yet the idea of protecting areas from human development was proposed many years earlier, American painter George Catlin first proposed the i
19、dea during the 1830s. Mr. George Catlin traveled West to paint pictures of native American Indians. He believed the Indians would be destroyed if they could not continue to live in natural wild places. So he proposed that the government establish large areas of land where Indians and the animals the
20、y hunted would be protected. Only part of George Catlins dream came true. Many years after his death the government established the first park Yellowstone, where wild animals and natural resources would be protected. However, no Indians or other people were permitted to make their homes there. The g
21、overnment said the park was for all the people to enjoy then and in the future. Yellowstone National Park gets its name from the Yellowstone River that flows through it. The river got its name from the yellow rocks high along its banks. The native Indians first called the river a name that means roc
22、ky yellow river. Later, French hunters translated these words to Yellowrock or Yellowstone. 6 The canyons of Americas Southwest are deep ancient openings in the earth. They look as if they formed as the earth split apart. But the canyons did not split. They were cut by rivers. The rivers carried ear
23、th and pieces of stone and slowly ate away at the surrounding rock. For millions of years, the rivers turned and pushed. They cut deeper and deeper into the earth. They left pathway of great rocky openings in the earth that extend for hundreds of kilometers. The Grand Canyon in Arizona is one of the
24、 largest and most beautiful of all canyons. It extends 450 kilometers. The surrounding area does not make you suspect the existence of such a great opening in the earth. You come upon the Canyon suddenly when you reach its edge, then you are looking at a land like nothing else in the world. Walls of
25、 rocks fall away sharply at your feet. In some places the Canyon walls are more than a kilometer deep. Far below is the dark, turning line of the Colorado River. On the other side sunshine lights up the naked rock walls in red, orange and gold. The bright colors are the result of minerals in the roc
26、ks. Their appearance changes endlessly with the light, the time of year and the weather. Upon sunset, when the sun has moved across the sky, the Canyon walls give up their firing reds and golds. They take on quieter colors: blue, purple and green. 专业英语八级(地理类英译汉)模拟试卷 1答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINE
27、SE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 华立克夏的爱望河在此处流入色纹河,两河沿岸若干英里水草丰美,前所未见。草地上牛羊成群,沿途不断。看着这景色,这牛羊,心想这些好肉可作多少用途,不禁感到神奇。但是再向前骑八九英里,这神 奇之感就破灭了;原来我们已经到达一个毒瘤似的害人地方,名叫却尔特能,所谓温泉胜地是也。这地方充满了东印度的劫掠者,西印度的奴隶主,英国的税吏、吃客、酒鬼、淫棍,各色各样,男女俱全。他们听了一些窃窃暗笑的江湖郎中的鬼话,以为在做了多少丑事之后,一身孽障,可以到此一洗干净 !我每次进入
28、这等地方,总想用手指捏住自己鼻子。当然这话没有道理,但我一看见这儿任何一个两腿畜生向我走来,实在觉得他们肮脏不堪,像是一有机会就要将他们的毒疮传染给我似的 !来这地方的都是最恶劣、最愚蠢、最下流的人:赌鬼、小偷、娼妓。 【试题解 析】 本篇节选自成廉 .科贝特的温泉胜地将山水的美丽与时代的苦难结合起来。与普通的游记文章相比,这篇文章既有随笔小品的情致,又有政论文的锋利。翻译时,要注意原文用词的简洁有力,衔接自然,直抒胸臆等特点。 and on the sides of both , for many miles back, there are the finest meadows that e
29、ver were seen:原文是用关系从句进行连接,意思是 “河流的两岸水草丰美,绵延很多英里,这样的景色是以前没有见过的 ”。汉语是意合 的语言,以简洁为贵,如译成 “两河沿岸若干英里水草丰美,前所未见 ”,无拖泥带水之嫌,有干净爽利之趣。 one wonders what can become of all the meat : “become of”表示 “使遭遇,发生于 ”,是看到成群牛羊之后,发出的感叹。此句可译为 “心想这些好肉可作多少用途 ”。 plunderers:劫掠财物的人;劫掠者。 floggers: “flog”作动词,意为 “鞭打 ”,故 “flogger”表示 “
30、奴隶主 ”。 taxgorgers: “gorge”作动词,意为 “eat greedily; fill(oneself)”,即 “贪婪地吃;填饱 ”,此处 “taxgorger”意为 “到处收税,压榨百姓的官员 ”,可译为 “税吏 ”。 debauchee:沉迷于酒色的人。 in the hope of getting rid of the bodily consequences of their manifold sins and iniquities: “iniquity”意为 “Gross immorality or injustice; wickedness”,即 “邪恶;不公正 ”
31、。此句的 意思是,希望能够去除因为种种邪恶的行为对身体造成的不良后果。原文的语言非常精炼,译成汉语时需扩译。可译为 “以为在做了多少丑事之后,一身孽障,可以到此一洗干净 ”。 every twolegged creature:作者爱憎分明,使用 “two-legged”说明对于这些人的不屑一顾,故译为 “任何一个两腿畜生 ”。 【知识模块】 地理类英译汉 2 【正确答案】 “五大湖 ”是位于美国北部的五个湖泊的总称。 除了密歇根湖位于美国境内,基丝四个塑 安大略湖、苏必利尔湖、休伦湖、伊利湖 均为美国 与加拿大共有。由于在交通运输方面所起的重要作用,五大湖也被誉为美洲大陆的 “地中海 ”。 发
32、源于科罗拉多州落基山脉的里格兰德河流至南方,形成了美国 墨西哥边界的一部分。里格兰德河流入墨西哥湾。 科罗拉多河也发源于落基山脉,朝西南方向流入加利福尼亚海湾。这条河流狂暴湍急,许多个世纪以来冲击着岩石,形成了辉煌壮观的大峡谷。 西北部是北美流入太平洋的最大河流 哥伦比亚河。 这条河发源于加拿大,向北流去,河长为 1954千米, 85在美国境内。哥 伦比亚河盛产鲑鱼和其他品种的鱼。 【试题解析】 美国有许多河流,这段文字着重介绍了五大湖、里格兰德河、科罗拉多河和哥伦比亚河。语言通俗易懂,层次清楚,关键是对一些地名的把握。“功在课外 ”,翻译地理类的文章很考验学生的知识面。 The Great
33、Lakes:五大湖。五大湖是世界上最大的淡水水域,总面积达 245660平方公里,水流方向从西向东,通过圣劳伦斯河入大西洋。 Lake Michigan:密歇根湖。北美五大湖中水量第二。 Lake Ontario:安大略湖。北美五大湖中面积最小。 Lake Superior:苏必利尔湖。在北美五大湖中最大也最深。 Lake Huron:休伦湖。北美五大湖中的第二大湖。 Lake Erie:伊利湖。北美五大湖中水量最小。 the“Mediterranean”of the American Continent: “American”既可以指 “美国 ”,也可以指 “美洲 ”,翻译时必须区分清楚,这
34、里 “American”后有 “Continent”必然指“美洲大陆 ”,故译为: “美洲大陆的 地中海 ”。 the Rockies: “the Rockies”相当于 “the Rocky Mountains”,即 “落基山脉 ”。 the State of Colorado:科罗拉多州。科罗拉多州是美国中西部的一州,该州首府为丹佛 (Denver)。科罗拉多州是以科罗拉多河命名的,在西班牙语当中, “科罗拉多 (Colorado)”代表 “淡淡的偏红色 (reddish color)”。 the Rio Grande River:里格兰德河。 the Gulf of Mexico:墨西哥
35、湾。 the Colorado River:科罗拉多河。 the Gulf of Califomia:加利福尼 亚海湾。 This river is wild and furious:译为 “这条河流狂暴湍急 ”,其中 “furious”表示“violent(猛烈的;狂暴的 )”。例如, a furious storm(暴风雨 ) running at a furious pace(急奔 )。 cutting deeply into the rocks for ages:译为 “许多个世纪以来冲击着岩石 ”。其中“age”表不 “great or long period of time, wi
36、th special characteristics or events(时代 )”,这里 “ages”指 “许多个世纪 ”。 Grand Canyon:大峡谷。科罗拉多大峡谷位于美国亚利桑那州 (Arizona)西北部,科罗拉多高原西南部。大峡谷全长 446公里,平均宽度 16公里,最深处 1800米,平均深度超过 1500米,总面积 2724平方公里。 1919年,威尔逊总统将大峡谷地区辟为 “大峡谷国家公园 ”(Grand Canyon National Park)。科罗拉多河从大峡谷谷底流过。 the Columbia River:哥伦比亚河。 North America:从下文可以看
37、出哥伦比亚河发源于加拿大,可以判断这里的“America”仍指美洲。故译为 “北美 ”。 【知识模块】 地理类英译汉 3 【正确答案】 美国的首都华盛顿特区坐落在波托马克河畔。它为纪念美国的第一任总统乔治 .华盛顿而命名。 1776一 1783年间,殖民地人民为独立而奋斗拼搏时,还没有一个固定的首都来安置他们的政府。 1790年通过了一项议案,授权总统在波托马克河流域选择一个地点作为政府所在地,而这一地点又必须与其他州相分隔。于是,总统选中了现在的首都并以克里斯托弗 .哥伦布的名字 把它命名为哥伦比亚特区。 1793年,在华盛顿总统为首都奠下一块基石之后,新首都的修建工作便开始了。一位法国设计
38、师组织了首都的整体设计,一位黑人建筑师完成了具体施工。 1800年 6月中旬,新上任的总统约翰 .亚当斯下令将政府从费城迁往美国永久的首都 华盛顿特区。 这座城市为之命名的那个人并没有在这里住过,在华盛顿正式成为美国首都之前 6个月,他去世了,但人民将永远记住他。美国人民建了一座纪念碑以示纪念。这就是华盛顿纪念碑。纪念碑实际上是竖直的锥形长条,在顶部开有 8个小窗,一面 2个。 滕都华盛顿还建有另外两座纪念碑。一座是林肯纪念碑,为纪念第 16位总统亚伯拉罕 .林肯而立。另一座则是为了纪念第三任总统而立的杰弗逊纪念碑。 【试题解析】 本篇介绍了美国首都华盛顿特区从选址到定都的过程。另外,美国人民
39、为了纪念美国历史上享有赫赫战功的几位总统,在首都建立了三座纪念碑:华盛顿纪念碑、林肯纪念碑、杰弗逊纪念碑。语言简洁明快,文章结构清楚。翻译时,难度不大。 Washington D C is the capital of the nation situated on the Potomac River: ”Washington D C ”译为 “华盛顿特区 ”,整句译成汉语时,可以不受英文句式束缚,将分词结构转化为谓语: “美国的首都华盛顿特区坐落在波托马克河畔 ”。 house their government:译为 “安置他们的政府 ”,其中 “house”表示 “provide a hou
40、se or shelter for; find room for(供以房屋 )”。例如, We can house you and your friends ifthe hotels are full (如果旅馆已住满,我们可供给你和你朋友们住处。 ) a bill was passed:中文往往省略主语,故译为 “通过了一项议案 ”。 to authorize the president: “authorize”表示 “give authority to(授权于 )”,故译为“授权总统 ” 。 named the area the District of Columbia after Chr
41、istopher Columbus:译为 “以克里斯托弗 .哥伦布的名字把它命名为哥伦比亚特区 ”。其中 “name sbsth after” 表示 “以 的名字来命名 ”。 had laid a comer stone for the capital:泽为 “为首都奠下一块基石 ”。其中 “comer stone cornerstone”表示 “stone that forms a corner of the foundation of a building(often laid in position at a ceremony)(建筑物的基石 )”; “foundation(基础 )”。
42、例如, Hard work was the cornerstone of his success (努力工作是他成功的基础。 ) The whole design was made by a French engineer but was completed by a black architect:分析全句,可以发现法国设计师负责的是整体设计,而黑人建筑师负责具体施工。故译为 “一位法国设计师组织了首都的整体设计,一位黑人建筑师完成了具体施工 ”。 The man because he died only six months before it officially became the
43、capital of the nation, but :英文句式的逻辑性很强,而中文则是意合语言,这里无需使用表示原因的汉语词汇,因果关系也早已十分清晰。故译为 “这座城市为之命名的那个人并没有在这里住过,在华盛顿正式成为美国首都之前 6个月,他去世了,但人民将永远记住他。 ” the Washington Monument:华盛顿纪念碑。 a long tapering vertical bar:汉语修饰语的位置与英语不尽相同,应作适当调整,译为 “竖直的锥形长条 ”。其中 “taper”表示 “become gradually narrower towards one end (逐渐向一端
44、尖细;渐尖 )”。 the Lincoln Memorial:林肯纪念碑或林肯纪念堂。 the Jefferson Memorial:杰弗逊纪念碑或杰弗逊纪念堂。杰弗逊纪念碑是为纪念美国第三任总统杰弗逊而建,他是独立宣言和权利法案的起草人,对美国的独立有特殊的贡献,深获美国人民拥戴。 【知识模块】 地理类英译汉 4 【正确答案】 海洋占地球表面四分之三。地球上维持生命的氧气, 90产于海洋。海洋也是整个气象系统起潜在作用的推动力。地球上的海水有 4亿 5千万立方英里每立方英里含有 1亿 5千多万吨矿物。 海洋如此广阔浩瀚,如果把地球表层填平,海水就可以形成深 8000多英尺的覆盖层。 海洋对地
45、球上的维持生命系统做出了不可估量的贡献,同时又是一座尚未开发的宝库,储有食物、矿物、能源和具有很大考古价值的东西。 先进的常压潜水衣可以使研究人员下沉到 1500英尺的深度。但海洋的平均深度超过 12000英尺。现在正是在这个深度人们有了惊人的发现,这些发现在不久以前是不可能办到的。 这个深度的海中完全是漆黑一片,每平方英寸的压力超过 8吨,自动操纵潜水器在这里发现了巨大的峡谷,比美国科罗拉多大峡谷深 3倍。 这里火山之多,大大超过陆地上的火山。据记载,这里曾发生过规模大如美国罗得岛大小的山崩。这里还发生过猛烈的海底风暴,这种风暴在海面上一点也觉察不到,但剧烈地改变着海底景观。 【试题解析】
46、本篇节选自 The Living Seas(充满活力的海洋 ),对海洋的作用及最新发现做了简要叙述。语言精练,文字通俗易懂,逻辑性强,翻译时涉及“分译法 ”、 “省略法 ”、 “增译法 ”、 “语态变换法 ”等。 The ocean coverslife -supporting oxygen:翻译此句时,建议适当调整语序,将原文中的宾语 “oxygen”译成主语,而将原文中的 “ocean”译成宾语。 “life-supporting”可译为 “维持生命的 ”。 is the driving force behind the entire weather s ystem: “driving f
47、orce”表示 “推动力 ”。在处理此句时,可以将介词 “behind”转换词性,变为动词,译为 “起潜在作用 ”。 blanket: thick covering mass or layer,此处译为 “覆盖层 ”。 immeasurably:译为 “不可估量地 ”、 “无法测算地 ”。 untapped:指海底资源还有许多尚待开发。 archaeological treasure: “archaeological”不仅仅指 “考古学的 ”,此处需要采用增译法,译为 “在考古学上非常有价值的东 西 ”。 Advanced atmospheric diving suits: “atmosphe
48、ric”指 “保持恒常的大气压力 ”。 “Diving suit”指 “潜水服 ”。 remarkable discoveries are being made:可将被动句译成主动句 “人们有了惊人的发现 ”。 robotic submersibles:此处容易死译,即 “机器人式的潜水装置 ”或 “潜水的机器人 ”。译成 “自动操纵潜水器 ”更符合汉语习惯。 the Grand Canyon:指美国亚利桑那州科罗拉多大峡谷。 【知识模块】 地理类英译汉 5 【正确答案】 美国的、也是世界上的第一个国家公园位于美国西部怀俄明州的黄石公园。 黄石公园建于 1872年,但保护一些地区不被人类开发的
49、想法在许多年之前就已经提出。美国画家乔治 -卡特林于 19世纪 30年代首次提出这一主张。卡特林先生曾到西部旅行。创作以土著美洲印第安为题材的绘画。他意识到,如果印第安人不能在自然野生的地方继续生存下去就有可能灭绝,于是便向政府提议将印第安人以及他们狩猎的动物所生活的大片地区划为保护区。 但乔治 -卡特林的梦想只实 现了一部分。他去世许多年后政府才建立了第一个国家公园 黄石公园,使这里的野生动物和自然资源能够得到保护。但是,这一地区不允许印第安人或其他任何人居住。政府宣布,该公园是为当时和以后的所有的人而建立的。 黄石国家公园得名于越其间的黄石河,而黄石河又是因其西岸高耸的岩石而得名。 土著印第安人最初给这条河起了一个名字,意思是岩石间黄色的河。后来,法国狩猎者把它译成 “黄岩石 ”或 “黄石 ”。 【试题解析】 美国有 367个受保护的地区,它们包括公园、纪念馆、历史遗址、河流、标出 的山路、峡地和战场,总面积超过 3200万公顷。美国的第一个国家公园位于西部的怀俄明州黄石地区,建于 1872年,它也是世界上的第一个国家公园。黄石国家公园是美国最受欢迎的度假胜地之一。 st