1、专业英语八级（小说类英译汉）模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 The two boats started off in the dark. Nick heard the oarlocks of the other boat quite a way ahead of them in the mist. The Indians rowed with quick choppy strokes . Nick lay back with hi
2、s fathers arm around him. It was cold on the water. The Indian who was rowing them was working very hard, but the other boat moved further ahead in the mist all the time. “Where are we going, Dad?“ Nick asked. “Over to the Indian camp3. There is an Indian lady very sick.“ “Oh,“ said Nick. Across the
3、 bay they found the other boat beached4. Uncle George was smoking a cigar in the dark. The young Indian pulled the boat way up on the beach. Uncle George gave both the Indians cigars. They walked up from the beach through a meadow that was soaking wet with dew, following the young Indian who carried
4、 a lantern. Then they went into the woods and followed a trail that led to the logging road that ran back into the hills. It was much lighter on the logging road as the timber was cut away on both sides. The young Indian stopped and blew out his lantern and they all walked on along the road. 2 There
5、 were eight Japanese gentlemen having a fish dinner at Bentleys. They spoke to each other rarely in their incomprehensible tongue, but always with a courteous smile and often with a small bow. All but one of them wore glasses. Sometimes the pretty girl who sat in the window beyond gave them a passin
6、g glance, but her own problem seemed too serious for her to pay real attention to anyone in the world except herself and her companion. She had thin blond hair and her face was pretty and petite in a Regency way, oval like a miniature, though she had a harsh way of speaking perhaps the accent of the
7、 school, Roedean or Cheltenham Ladies College, which she had not long ago left. She wore a mans signet-ring on her engagement finger, and as I sat down at my table, with the Japanese gentlemen between us10, she said, “ So you see we could marry next week.“ “Yes?“ Her companion appeared a little dist
8、raught. He refilled their glasses with Chablis and said, “Of course, but Mother.“ I missed some of the conversation then, because the eldest Japanese gentleman leant across the table, with a smile and a little bow, and uttered a whole paragraph like the mutter from an aviary, while everyone bent tow
9、ards him and smiled and listened, and I couldnt help attending to him myself. 3 But Mulan was a child of Peking. She had grown up there and had drunk in all the richness of life of the city which enveloped its inhabitants like a great mother soft toward all her childrens requests, fulfilling all the
10、ir whims and desires, or like a huge thousand-year-old tree in which the insects making their home in one branch did not know what the insects in the other branch were doing. She had learned from Peking its tolerance, geniality, and urbanity, as we all in our formative years catch something of the c
11、ity and country we live in. She had grown up with the yellow-roofed palaces and the purple and greenroofed temples, the broad boulevards and the long, crooked alleys, the busy thoroughfares and the quiet districts that were almost rural in their effect; the common mans homes with their inevitable po
12、megranate trees and jars of goldfish, no less than the rich mans mansions and gardens; the open-air tea houses where men loll on rattan armchairs under cypress tress, spending twenty cents for a whole afternoon in summer; the enclosed teashops where in winter men eat steaming-hot mutton fried with o
13、nion and drink pehkan and where the great rub shoulders with the humble; the wonderful theaters, the beautiful restaurants, the bazaars, the lantern streets and the curio streets; the temple fairs which register the days of the month. 4 With an impatient gesture Daphne stubbed out a cigarette1 and c
14、hecked her watch by the clock tower over the barmans head. Seven oclock. Brace was 20 minutes late already. “Another whisky, please.“ Hardly the thing to anticipate ones host perhaps, but you couldnt be expected to wait reciting nursery rhymes. If there was one thing which irritated Daphne above all
15、 others it was to be kept waiting by a man2. And tonight of all nights. She had chosen this little restaurant in the mountains above the lake with particular care. Not to mention a dash out earlier in the day to make sure of a secluded table and suitable music. Would it work? A vulgar, commonplace l
16、ittle plot perhaps. But one simply had to be a realist. Poverty saw to that alright3. Ready-made clothes, back bedrooms in hotels, cheap travel and a holiday at the end of the season4. Add a widowed, and still attractive, mother an endurance test of loyalty who merged chameleon-like into the backgro
17、und of her holiday. And what was the answer? Bruce? 5 The orphanage is high in the Carolina mountains. Sometimes in winter the snowdrifts are so deep that the institution is cut off from the village below, from all the world. Fog hides the mountain peaks, the snow swirls down the valleys and a wind
18、blows so bitterly that the orphanage boys who take the milk twice daily to the baby cottage reach the door with fingers stiff in an agony of numbness. I was there in the autumn. I wanted quiet, isolation, to do some troublesome writing. I wanted mountain air to blow out the malaria from too long a t
19、ime in the subtropics. I was homesick, too, for the flaming of maples in October, and for corn shocks and pumpkins and black-walnut trees and the lift of hills. I found them all, living in a cabin that belonged to the orphanage, half a mile beyond the orphanage farm. When I took the cabin, I asked f
20、or a boy or man to come and chop wood for the fireplace. The first few days were warm; I found what wood I needed about the cabin; no one came, and I forgot the order. I looked up from my typewriter one late afternoon, a little startled. A boy stood at the door, and my pointer dog, my companion, was
21、 at his side and had not barked to warn me. The boy was probably twelve years old, but undersized. He wore overalls and a torn shirt, and was barefooted. He said: “I can chop some wood today.“ I said: “But I have a boy coming from the orphanage.“ “Im the boy.“ “You? But youre small.“ “Size dont matt
22、er, chopping wood,“ he said. “Some of the big boys dont chop good. Ive been chopping wood at the orphanage a long time.“ 6 The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable co
23、ntrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old. On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. I guessed vaguely from my mothers signs and from the hurrying to and from in the house that someth
24、ing unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet th
25、e sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle. Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness
26、 shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line, and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how n
27、ear the harbor was. “Light! Give me light!“ was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour. 专业英语八级（小说类英译汉）模拟试卷 1答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 两只小船在苍茫夜色中出发了。寨子的那只小船远远地冲在前面，雾霭中尼克可以听到那船桨和桨架的撞击声。两个
28、印第安人手摇船桨轻快地拍打着水面。尼克躺着，父亲用一只胳膊搂着他。水面上很凉。虽然划船的印第安人拼命追赶，前面的小船在夜雾中却越划越远。 “我们上哪儿去呀，爸爸 ?”尼克问。 “到对面印第安人的寨子里。那儿有个 印第安妇女病得很厉害。 ” “噢。 ”尼克答道。 从湖湾的水面远远望去，他们看见前面的那只船已经停泊在湖滩上。乔治大叔正摸着黑吸雪茄烟。那个年轻的印第安人将船拉到远离水面的沙滩上。乔治大叔给两个印第安人各递了一支雪茄。 他们一行跟着提灯笼的印第安小伙子离开湖滩，走进一片被露水打湿的草地，然后进了一个小树林，再沿着一条小路朝通往山里的运木材的大路走去。路两旁的树木已被砍伐，大路显得亮堂多
29、了。年轻的印第安人停了一下，吹灭灯笼，然后大家沿着大路继续向前走去。 【试题解析】 本篇节 选自海明威的印第安寨子 (Indian Camp)，语言简洁、含蓄、自然，这是译文要传达的第一要领。流畅是所有翻译的共同要求，达到流畅的一个重要途径是连贯，包括语序的调整，词义的变通，指称的匹配，句子的连接等等。 oarlocks：桨架。 choppy strokes： “choppy”意为 “having many small waves； rough(波涛汹涌的 )”，这里指摇桨拍打着水面。 Over to the Indian camp： “over”表示 “across(a street， an
30、 open space， etc)”，即“穿过，横过 (街道、开阔地等 )”。比如， “Take these letters over to the post office (把这些信送到对面邮局去。 )”又比如， “Let me row you over to the other side of the lake (我把你划到湖对岸去吧。 )”此句可译为： “到对面印第安人的寨子里。 ” Across the bay they found the other boat beached： “beach”作动词，表示“bring(esp a boat or ship)on shore from
31、out of the water”，即 “(尤指船只 )从水中推或拖至岸上 ”，故此句译为 “从湖湾的水面远远望去，他们看见前面的那只船已经停泊在湖滩上。 ” They walked up from the beach through a meadow that was soaking wet with dew， following the young Indian who carried a lantern：翻译这句时，注意英语中的连贯与中文的连贯之 间的差异。谋求译文连贯是文学作品翻译的必经之路。通过调整语序，可译为 “他们一行跟着提灯笼的印第安小伙子离开湖滩，走进一片被露水打湿的草地。
32、” 【知识模块】 小说类英译汉 2 【正确答案】 在本特利酒店里，有八位日本绅士在吃鱼餐。谁也不懂他们的话，但他们很少交谈，而说话时总是一副笑容可掬的样子，还时常微微鞠躬致意。他们全戴眼镜，只有一位例外。有时，坐在外边临窗座位的漂亮姑娘不经心地他们一眼，然而，她似乎全神贯注于自己的事情，除了她自己和她的同伴外，世上任何人她都不会真正加以留意的。 她长着纤细的淡黄色头发，漂亮的鹅蛋脸小巧玲珑，颇符合摄政时期的风范，又像一帧袖珍肖像，不过她说起话来却粗声粗气 也许，这是她刚刚离开的母校的腔调，譬如说罗狄恩或切尔特南女子学院。她的无名指上戴了一个男式图章戒指。我在自己的桌边坐下，同她之间隔着那些日本
33、绅士。这时只听得她说， “所以，咱们完全可以下周就结婚。 ” “是吗 ?” 她的同伴显得有点心神恍惚。他给他俩的杯子上又斟上夏布利酒，说： “没错儿，不过我妈 ” 下面一段对话没有听清，因为 最年长的那位日本绅士笑容满面地向前探了探身子，微微鞠了一躬，然后像鸟舍里发出叽喳声一般说了一大段话，而其他人都满脸堆笑、点头哈腰地听着，于是我也情不自禁地注意起他来了。 【试题解析】 本篇节选自英国作家格雷厄姆 .格林 (Graham Greene)(19041991)的 The Invisible Japanese Gentlemen。题目的翻译向来是见仁见智，有的倾向直译，有的倾向意译。过去考虑中国读
34、者的接受能力，多采用意译；而现在随着国门的打开，译文更强调符合原文，介绍外国文化，因而趋于直译 。此处的 “看不见 (invisible)”并非指日本绅士有什么超人的魔法，只是对于专心自己事务、对其他一切一概不加留意的女主人公而言，他们如同不存在一般。作者旨在通过这个“视而不见 ”的插曲刻画女主人公的性格特征并使故事带上了幽默感。由此可见，视若无睹 (意译 )比看不见的日本绅士 (直译 )似乎更能起到提纲挈领的作用。 They spoke to each other rarelywith a courteous smile ： (1)tongue：语言；口语。 譬如， “native tong
35、ue(母语 ) mother tongue(本国语 )”； (2)rarely：修饰的是动词“spoke”，并非全句。不可译为 “他们很少用那种不可理解的话语讲话 ” ；(3)always with a courteous smile：修饰的是略去的主谓语 (they spoke to each other)。如简单地译为 “ 他们很少交谈，总是一副笑容可掬的样子 ” ，读者会误解为 “他们不在交谈时总是 ” ，因此需要在汉译英时补上省略的谓语 “他们很少交谈，而说话时总是 ” 。 sat in the window beyond：女主 人公坐在凸出楼外、三面有窗的一翼 (称为 “bay wi
36、ndow 凸窗 ”，即从楼的外墙突出来的一连串窗子，里面形成一个凹壁 )里，从叙述者的角度看，称为 “beyond(the Japanese gentlemen)”。 passing：匆匆的，不经心的，表面的；随便的。 a passing glance：匆匆一瞥。 her own problem seemed too serious for her to pay：一般将 “tooto” 结构译为“太 以致 ” 。但若此句译为 “她自己的问题看来太严重了，以致她对 ” ，有客观描述之嫌。而从下文可以看出，作者是指她把自己的事情看得过重 (too serious for her)，从而说明了后文发
37、生一系列 “视若无睹 ”插曲的主观因素。 thin：此句表面上看没有什么难点，但 “thin”这个单词的把握甚为重要。通常“thin”形容头发是指 “稀疏 (not closely packed)”。譬如， Your hairs getting thin (你的头发愈来愈少了 )。但作者笔下这样一位漂亮小巧的年轻姑娘怎么会头发稀疏呢 ?原来此处 “thin”是 “not great in diameter or cross section； fine(细的直径或横断面小的；纤细的 )”之意。譬如， “thin wire(细电线 )”。由此可见，准确的理解是翻泽的先决条件，必须认真从上下文，乃至
38、通篇的角度来确定。 petite：意为 “small， slender， and trim(娇小的，柔弱的，苗条的 )”，用于少女或妇女。 Regency：指 19世纪初英王乔治三世神经错乱后由其子摄政的时期，当时崇尚纤细小巧，女子以瘦小为美。 oval like a miniature：考虑汉语的表达习惯。原文描写脸 “长得漂亮 ”和 “像 一样是椭圆形的 ”是并列关系。但汉语中就直接描述以 “漂亮的鹅蛋脸 ”为宜。 “like a miniature”乍一看，前文 “小巧玲珑 (petite)”已经包括进去了，但细细品味作者的意图，才会发现它起到前后呼应的作用，在译文中要直译其具体形象 “
39、又像一帧袖珍肖像 ”才好。 signet-ring： “signet”指 “图章；印章 ”， “signet-ring”指 “图章戒指 ”。 between us： “us”这个代词在译为汉语时，不能简单化处理为 “我们 ”，这样会造成语义混乱。分析上下 文，不难发现 “us”指 “我 ”和 “她 ”，宜作具体化翻译。 【知识模块】 小说类英译汉 3 【正确答案】 但是木兰是在北京长大的，陶醉在北京城内丰富的生活里，那种丰富的生活，对当地的居民就犹如伟大的慈母，对儿女的请求，温和而仁厚，对儿女的愿望，无不有求必应，对儿女的任性，无不宽容包涵，又像一棵千年老树，虫子在各枝丫上做巢居住，各自安居，
40、对于其它各枝丫上居民的生活情况，茫然无所知。 从北京，木兰学到了容忍宽大，学到了亲切和蔼，学到了温文尔雅，就像我们童年是在故乡学到的东西一样。她是在黄琉璃瓦 宫殿与紫绿琉璃瓦寺院的光彩气氛中长大的。她是在宽广的林荫路，长曲的胡同，繁华的街道，宁静如田园的地方长大的。在那个地方，常人家里也有石榴树、金鱼缸，也不次于富人的宅第庭院。在那个地方，夏天在露天茶座儿上，人舒舒服服地坐着松柏树下的藤椅子品茶，花上两毛钱就耗过一个漫长的下午。在那个地方儿，在茶馆儿里，吃热腾腾的葱爆羊肉，喝白干儿酒：达官贵人，富商巨贾，与市井小民引车卖浆者，摩肩接踵，有令人惊叹不已的戏院，精美的饭馆子、市场、灯笼街、古玩街；
41、有每月按期的庙会。 【试题解析】 本篇节选自林语 堂 (1895 1976)的 Moment in Peking(京华烟云 )。京华烟云享现代版红楼梦之美誉，四度获诺贝尔文学奖提名之殊荣，是文学大师林语堂最负盛名的传世之作。林语堂提倡 “以自我为中心，以闲适为格调 ”的小品文。 had drunk in all the richness of life of the city： “richness”由形容词转变而来，一般译成汉语时，考虑增加范畴词 (category word)，可译为 “丰富多彩的生活 ”。 “the city”特指 “北京城 ”。故整句译为 “陶醉在北京城内丰富的生活里 ”
42、。 fulfilling all their whims and desires： Whim means sudden desire or idea，especially unusual or unreasonable one此处指 “满足孩子们的奇思异想，满足孩子们的愿望 ”。 为了更加突出慈母的形象，译文中使用的语气更加强烈 对儿女的愿望，无不有求必应，对儿女的任性，无不宽容包涵。 She had learned from Peking its tolerance， geniality， and urbanity： Genial means kindly， pleasant sociabl
43、e Urbane means having or showing refined manners，smooth elegance and sophistication理解这一关过了以后，我们自然要考虑译文的流畅，三个成分并列时，在正式文体中，往往使用四字格，故译为 “从北京，木兰学到了容忍宽大，学到了亲切和蔼，学到了温文尔雅。 ” crooked： not straight or level； twisted， bent or curved “Alley”指 “小巷子 ”，但京话里称 “胡同 ”。故 “the long， crooked alleys”译为 “长曲的胡同 ”。 in their
44、 effect：表示 “实际上，事实上 ”，即她从小生活的地方好像田园般宁静。 no less than：不比 差，不次于。 the open-air tea houses：露天茶室，露天茶座。 rattan armchairs：指茶室中摆放的藤椅。 steaming-hot mutton fried with onion：热腾腾的葱爆羊肉 。菜名宜按照固定讲法翻译。 【知识模块】 小说类英译汉 4 【正确答案】 达芙妮很不耐烦地捻灭了香烟，跟酒吧侍者头顶上方的钟楼对了对表。 七点钟。布鲁斯已经晚了 20分钟了。 “请再来一杯威士忌。 ”喝着酒等做东的人，也许有些不合适，但你总不能哼着儿歌干等
45、吧。 如果说有什么事最让达芙妮恼火的话，那就是被一个男人晾着左等右等。尤其是在今晚。 她煞费苦心地挑选了湖上山问的这家小饭馆。更不用说她当天早些时候还匆匆跑出来一趟，为了确保能有一张僻静的餐桌和合适的音乐。 能奏效吗 ?也许只是个俗不可耐、平淡无奇的小伎俩。但是 一人总得现实一点。 贫困让人不得不现实一点。衣服买现成的穿，旅馆得住后房，旅行得图便宜，季末才出来度假。还拖着一个守寡的、仍有几分魅力的母亲 也算是对恋人忠诚与否的耐久性考验一就像变色龙一样融入她度假的背景中。答案是什么 ?布鲁斯吗 ? 【试题解析】 本篇节选自小小说 The Proposal(求婚 )，虽然情节并不复杂，但从翻译的角
46、度来看很值得玩味。在翻译时，不管使用直译或意译，只要能传神达意的翻译就是好翻译。直译有时能产生 “神形皆似 ”的好译文，但有时也会产生 “貌合神离 ”的假朋友，这时候译者需要通过补偿和变通来实现这一目标。 stubbed out a cigarette： “stub sth out”表示 “extinguish(esp a cigarette)by pressing it against sth hard”，即 “(在硬物上 )碾灭 (尤指香烟 )”。 If there was one thing which irritated Daphne above all others it was t
47、o be kept waiting by a man： “to be kept waiting by a man”如果译成 “让她等一个男人 ”，虽然用的也是被动结构，但无法体现达芙妮的焦灼与无奈。这样翻译就等于把结构“to be kept waiting by a man”改成了 “to be kept waiting for a man”，译文会逊色不少。应该译为 “被一个男人晾着左等右等 ”。 Poverty saw to that alright： “see to sth ”表示 “deal with or take care of”，即 “处理，照料；关照 ”。 “That”指代前句
48、 “one simply had to be a realist”。此句的意思是：人因为贫穷而变得十分现实，这是情理之中的。整句可译为 “贫困让人不得不现实一点儿。 ” Ready-made clothes， back bedrooms in hotels， cheap travel and a holiday at the end of the season：多数同学会译成： “现成衣服，旅馆后房，廉价旅行，季末度假。 ”译文虽然简洁，但不明了。读者看了译文如同雾里看花，捉摸 不透意思。在这种情况下，译者应该根据汉语的行文习惯，意译为： “衣服买现成的穿，旅馆得住后房，旅行得图便宜，季末才出
49、来度假。 ” 【知识模块】 小说类英译汉 5 【正确答案】 在卡罗来纳的山地里，有一座孤儿院坐落在高处。隆冬时节，风雪交加，有时候积雪堆得老高，将孤儿院与山下的村庄乃至整个外界完全隔断。云雾遮蔽了重重峰峦，雪花飞旋着冲入山谷。在呼啸的寒风中，孤儿院的男孩们将一份份牛奶端到育婴房去，一天得跑两趟呢。当他们走到育婴房门口的时候，手指冻得僵硬，一点儿都不听使唤了。 我 秋天就到了那里。我需要安静，与世隔绝，好从事艰辛的创作。我需要山里的清风，把久居亚热带地区染上的疟疾吹散。我还想起家来，老惦记着十月间的枫叶似火，那一垛垛玉米秫秸，南瓜成堆，黑胡桃林子，还有隆起的山丘。我住在孤儿院的一间小屋里，距院农场有半英里，这一切尽收眼底。我住进去的时候，要求派个男孩或者男人帮我劈柴火烧壁炉。头几天还算暖和，我在小屋的四周捡了点木柴，没见人来，也就把这话给忘了。 一个傍晚，我正在打字，猛抬头不禁吃了一惊：有个男孩站在房门口，而跟我做伴的猎狗竟在他身边默默呆着，连个 招呼也不跟我打一声。这孩子大概有 12岁，不过个子没那么大。他
